Výukový materiál EK 01 - 15
Tvůrce: Ing. Marie Jiráková
Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Milan Smejkal
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

COMMUNITY

Grouping of populations of different organisms found living together in a particular environment at a certain time.

E COLOGY STUDIES :

Extending communities



The emergence of communities
Conditions affecting communities
Community productivity

DIVISION OF THE C OMMUNITIES

By „ territory
“ (birds, trees in the forest etc.)

By „habitats“ (forest communities, pond communities etc.)
The two conditions are often combined
(invertebrate communities from the bottom of the pond).

DIVERSITY
 diversity of species – an important attribute.
The more species the more links and the better use of energy in food relationships.

D OMINANT SPECIES

Not all the species are important for the
(existence of) communities.

The main (dominant) species are more important for the processes in the community than the minor ones.

T IME CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPECIES
ACTIVITY .

In almost all communities there are noticeable differences between days and nights or in the seasons.

These differences are characteristic for the community and they are repeated regularly they are periodic.

S PATIAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPECIES
ACTIVITY
Levels in the tree community:





Tree level
Shrub level
Herb level
Moss level
Root level

F OOD RELATIONSHIPS IN THE COMMUNITY



Producers
Consumers
Decomposers (Saprotrophs)

T HE FOOD CHAIN

A relocation of matter and energy between producers (plants), consumers (herbivores, carnivores) and decomposers.

TYPES OF CHAINS


Pasture exploitative
Destructive

P OTRAVNÍ PYRAMIDA

ECOTONE

A narrow and fairly sharply defined transition zone between two or more different communities.

One community often changes into the other one.

Ecotones are transition zones (border, contact) and communities living here are called ecotone communities.

W ORKSHEET REVISION

What is the community ?



What are the dominant species communities?
Give an example of a real food chain.
Why is the amount of pollutants in the food chain increasing?

S OURCE



BRANIŠ, Martin. Základy ekologie a ochrany
životního prostředí. 2. vyd. Praha:
Informatorium, 1999. ISBN 80-86073-52-1.
PAPÁČEK, Miroslav a kol. Zoologie. Praha: pedagogické nakladatelství, 2000, ISBN 80-7183-
203-0.
KVASNIČKOVÁ, Danuše. Základy ekologie.
Praha: Scientia,spol.s r.o., 1994, ISBN 80-85827-
84-0