Period 1
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Overview
• Period 1 Beginning to 600 B.C.E.+
– Paleolithic Age
– Neolithic Age
• Neolithic Revolution
– River Valley Civilizations
•
•
•
•
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Indus Valley
Huang He river valley
Question 1
• Early agriculture in the Americas
1. Developed as a result of cultural diffusion from
the Eastern Hemisphere
2. Featured the domestication of larger animals
than in the Eastern Hemisphere
3. Begin Later than in the Eastern Hemispheres
4. Did not produce the wide variety of crops than
the Eastern Hemisphere did
5. Saw the rise of urbanization earlier than did the
Eastern Hemisphere
Question 2
• The Agricultural Revolution
a. Began with an extensive pattern of cultural
diffusion
b. Occurred about the same time throughout the
world
c. Was confined to nonwestern civilization
d. Was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 B.C.E.
e. Saw the use of agricultural methods that
encouraged migrations
Question 3
• During the Agricultural Revolution, women
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Were confined to childbearing duties
Participated in hunting activities with men
Experienced a decrease in status
Were not represented in Neolithic art
Observed and studied the agricultural
environment
Question 4
• The Neolithic Age
a. Saw the beginnings of urbanization
b. Saw the process of agriculture carried out
without the use of metal tools
c. Produced societies without class distinctions
d. Saw a decline in global populations
e. Witnessed the end of nomadic societies
Question 5
• Early urban dwellers
a. Were dominated by people in agriculture
settlements
b. Left the pursuit of religious practices to
agricultural peoples
c. Saw the need for a government
d. Were exempt from taxation
e. Were offered few opportunities to carry out
specialized tasks
Question 6
• The Egyptian civilization was similar to the
Sumerian civilization
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
In its reliance on natural defense barriers
In its system of social stratification
In its political structure
In the extent to which its culture was diffused
In the nature of the flood pattern of its major
rivers
Question 7
• The earliest civilization in both the Eastern
and Western hemispheres were similar in
a. Their location at similar latitudes
b. Their technological knowledge
c. Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers in
their midst
d. Their practice of polytheism
e. The extent of their trade contacts with
neighboring people
Question 8
• The Indus valley civilization
a. Relied heavily on communal planning
b. Is best studied through its written records
c. Was isolated from other river valley civilizations
because of surrounding mountains
d. Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
e. Shared similar flood control concerns with the
Egyptians
Question 9
• The Early civilization with the least developed
technology was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Mesoamerican
Harappan
Egyptian
Sumerian
Shang
Question 10
• The roots of classical India included
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The Aryan written language, or Sanskrit
The egalitarian Aryan society
Aryan agricultural knowledge
A society united by jati
Vedic traditional literature
Question 11
• Shang China
a. Developed numerous artistic work even though
they did not know the use of metals
b. Left no decipherable written records
c. Was prevented by natural barriers from trading
with other early civilizations
d. Contributed to the development of central
government in China
e. Was less urbanized than the Nile river civilization
Question 12
• Early societies of South America
a. Were unified under a central government
b. Were challenged by geographic limitations
c. Developed societies that had no knowledge of
metals
d. Traded widely with regions to their north
e. Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions
Question 13
• Results of cultural diffusion among early
civilization included
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The invention of the wheel
The legend of Quetzakcoatl
The cultivation of potatoes
Harappan sewage systems
None of the above
LETS SEE HOW YOU DID!
Answers
(explanations will be on the next slides)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
C
E
E
A
C
B
D
8. A
9. A
10.E
11.D
12.B
13.B
Question 1
• C
• Agriculture in the Americas began around 5000 BCE,
whereas that in the Eastern Hemisphere had began at
least 3000 years earlier. Agriculture in the Americas
developed independently (A). Animals in the Americas
were smaller than those in the Eastern Hemisphere (B).
Although food crops n the Americas differed from
those in Eastern Hemisphere, a wide variety, including
maize, squash, beans, and cacao, was produced (D).
Urban areas such as those of Sumer predated urban
areas in the Americas (E).
Question 2
• E
• Slash-and- burn cultivation resulted in the
migration of early agriculture people as the soil
lost its fertility. The Agriculture Revolution
developed independently throughout the world
(A) and at different times (B). The beginnings of
agriculture was a gradual process (D) that
occurred in both Eastern and Western
Hemispheres, although at different times ©.
Question 3
• E
• Women studied the growth of plants and became
the first farmers. As such, they were not confined
merely to childbearing duties (A). Men handled
the more strenuous duties of hunting (B).
Women’s role as farmers and childbearing gave
them an important in Neolithic society ©. A role
that was represented in the fertility status of the
Neolithic Age (D).
Question 4
• A
• Te first cities arose in Sumer. Some Neolithic
societies used tolls of copper, bronze and later
Iron (B). Societies were often stratified, with elite
classes, peasants and slaves ©. Because of the
success of early agriculture , population rose
rapidly worldwide during the Neolithic age (D).
Although many nomadic people changed to a
settled lifestyle in the Neolithic Age, nomadism
continues to the present (E)
Question 5
• C
• Government arose from a need to cooperate
in major projects such as irrigation and flood
control. Early cities trended to embrace and
extend their governments to nearby
agricultural settlements (A). Religious leaders
played a role in early cities (B). Residents were
required to pay taxes or tribute (D), and
specialization of labor was commonplace
Question 6
• B
• Both Egypt and Sumer had societies comprising various
social classes of the elite, peasants, and slaves.
Whereas Egypt enjoyed natural defense barriers,
Sumer did not (A). Sumer was governed by kings of
local city-states,whereas the Egyptian pharoahs was
the supreme ruler © Although the Egyptians largely
developed themselves culturally, Sumerian culture was
widly diffused by later conquerors (D). The Nile River
flooding was predictable, whereas that of the Tigris
and Euphrates was not (E).
Question 7
• D
• All the earliest agricultural civilization
worshipped many gods . They were located in
different latitudes (A) and enjoyed different
levels of technology (B). The civilization of the
Western hemisphere did not rely on the
flooding of rivers ©. Trade in China and
Andean civilization and societies was limited
Question 8
• A
• Te presence of granaries and well planned street grids
in the cities of the Harappan civilization of the Indus
valley is evidence of considerable community planning.
The writing of the Harappan civilization is so far
undecipherable (B). Indus valley people bypassed
mountain barriers and traded by sea © Their
civilization had already declined markedly before the
arrival of the Aryans (D). Flood patterns of the Indus
were unpredictable, whereas those of Egypt were
predictable
Question 9
• A
• Early Mesoamerican civilization did not even
have the knowledge of the wheel, whereas
the other civilization mentioned did not have
to rely on human muscle for contraction of
irrigation projects
Question 10
• E
• The tradition of the Vedas became an integral
part of Indian society. Sanskrit, the language of
the Aryans, was originally an oral language only
(A). Aryan society consisted of a number of
classes based on skin color, which would become
the foundation of the Hindus caste system (B)
Aryans were nomadic people who learned of
agriculture from the Dravidian people of India ©.
The society of classical India was divided by jati,
or sub castes of the Hindu caste system (D).
Question 11
• D
• The Shang brought the settlements of
northern china under the control of a
centralized government. Shang dynasty to
leave written records (B. Although natural
barriers lessened trade, the Shang carried out
some trade with south Asia and Southwest
Asia © A number of cities arose in China
under the Shang (E)
Question 12
• B
• The rugged Andean terrain hindered political
unity. Early south American societies were
organized into local governments (A) and
knew the use of copper ©. Trade with the
north was limited because of geographical
barriers (D) preventing South American
societies from building upon the traditions of
Mesoamerica (B).
Question 13
• B
• The legend of Quetzalcoatl diffused throughout
early Mesoamerican cultures and civilization. The
invention of the wheel (A) was an independent
contribution of the Sumerians. The cultivation of
potatoes © was limited to the early Andean
societies and civilization. Harappan sewage
systems (D) were unique to the people of the
Indus valley civilization