1 CHAPTER 12 NOTES: MENTAL DISORDERS – Page 462 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association 1.5 million hospitalized; additional 4-5 million seek help Depictions of mental disorders are often inaccurate Statistically, mental patients are less violent than those in the “normal” population What constitutes abnormal behavior? 1. Person suffers from discomfort more or less continuously. (Shows up as extreme anxiety, endless worry, or long periods of depression; feels something is wrong w/ his/her life more than the average person does) 2. Person is behaving in a bizarre fashion. (Misinterprets what is going on or what others are doing/saying; afraid to go to work or school; frequently comes completely apart over minor things or sinks into a depression about them) 3. Person is very inefficient and is therefore unable to perform their life roles properly. Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior: 1. Inflexible in their responses to almost everything (Ex: Shy, withdrawn man goes to a party and a few people are nice to him; instead, he thinks they only “feel sorry” for him) 2. Constantly see a threatening environment (Ex: See danger, rejection, and failure around every corner) Disorder Subsets Hyperactivity First diagnosed in infancy, Autism childhood, or adolescence Delirium Cognitive Dementia Disorders Amnesiac Alcoholism SubstanceRelated Disorders Chemical abuse Description lacking the ability to concentrate for any length of time, especially as a result of attention deficit disorder Comments/Connections/Questions (CCQ) Most children are hyperactive … that isn’t too bad. Affect social, behavioral, and language development. Problems that cause physical deterioration of the brain due to aging, diseases, drugs, or other chemicals. Loss of memory. So when we’re old and our brain deteriorates, do we run into this. Psychological behavioral physical social or legal problems that cause dependence on or abuse of. (Substance drugs) But people choose to do this on their own. Why is it a disorder. 2 -Schizophrenia -Catatonic Schizophrenia PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (Thought disorder, hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate emotional responses) -Paranoid Schizophrenia -Undifferentiated Schizophrenia -Most serious mental disturbance; schizophrenia affects Homeless people on the T or MTBA about 1% of the population; often arises in late adolescence or early adulthood; word salad (incoherence) and clang associations (rhymes); cycles of lucidity and psychosis; heredity does not seem to be the key factor (90% of patients do not have members in their immediate family who suffer from it); environment may contribute to the development for those who have a predisposition; linked to high levels of dopamine -Disturbances of movement; does not speak or says little; appears to be in a stupor; may rigidly hold strange posture and may not move for hours -Strong feelings of persecution or suspiciousness; delusions -Dysthymic Disorder MOOD DISORDERS (deal with one’s emotional state) ANXIETY DISORDERS (most common) -Lacks distinguishing symptoms Severe disturbances of mood, especially depression, overexcitement, or altering episodes of each extreme (bipolar) -Major Depression -Mania -Bipolar Disorders (Manic Depression or Manic Depressive Psychosis) -Panic Disorder -Phobic Disorders -ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder Specific fears, panic attacks, feeling of dread. Problems that could be caused by traumatic events such as rape or military combat. A lot of people who are bipolar. I wouldn’t say theyre bipolar anyways because you experience a lot, one day you’ll be happy in the morning and something could ruin your day and you’ll be mad. It’s normal. Unless people over think things. 3 -Conversion SOMATOFORM Disorders DISORDERS -Hypochondriasis (expressed in bodily symptoms) Factitious Disorders -Amnesia DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS (disconnects or disassociates certain events/behaviors from one another; very rare) How is it cured? That’s kind of freaky. It’s all in their mind. False mental disorders that are intentionally produced to satisfy some psychological needs. Huh? Psychologically caused problems consciousness and self identification. Loss of memory, development of more that one identity. That’s kind of scary. I remember watching some video about someone who had double identity and the person who was “in” him were doing evil and he didn’t know about it. It’s freaky. Problems of finding sexual arousal through unsual object or situation. Unsatisfactory sexual activity. Identifying with the opposite gender. This is weird… Problems associating with eating too little or self induced vomiting. People shouldn’t be doing this. It’s mostly the girls who are skinny who are doing this. Severe problems involving sleep-wake cycle. Inability to sleep well at night or stay away during the day. I think I might have a bad sleeping schedule. Compulsive gambling, stealing, or fire setting. Gambling is bad. It causes people to do the unthinkable. -Fugue -Dissociative Identity Disorder Sexual and Gender Disorders Anorexia Eating Disorders Physical symptoms, such as paralysis and blindness to have no physical cause. Nonexistent physical problems. Bulimia Awkward. Sleep Disorders Impulse Control Disorders 4 Adjustment Disorders PERSONALITY DISORDERS (Personalities are “off-center”) -Antisocial Personality (Psychopaths and Sociopaths) -Borderline Personality Failure to adjust to, deal with stress, divorce, financial problems, unhappy life events. That could affect them progressing in life. So caught up in the bad situation. -Lack of conscience; often in conflict w/ the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety; sometimes have a family history of neglect and rough treatment That’s weird. -Created in 1980; characterized by intense and unstable relationships w/ others; very dependent; self-destructive behavior to manipulate others; suspicious and therefore difficult to treat