MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) Chapter Nine Configuring Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Virtualization Objectives • Define common terms associated with virtualization • Describe the role virtualization plays in the datacenter • Install and use the Hyper-V server role • Create and work with Hyper-V virtual machines • Configure virtual networks • Work with virtual hard disks • Manage and configure virtual machines MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 2 A Virtualization Primer • Virtualization – Process that creates a software environment to emulate a computer’s hardware and BIOS – Allows multiple OSs to run on the same physical computer at the same time • Virtual machine (VM) – Virtual environment that emulates physical computer’s hardware and BIOS • Guest OS – Operating system installed in a VM MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 3 A Virtualization Primer (cont’d.) • Host computer and host operating system – Physical computer and originally installed OS • Hypervisor – Virtualization software component that creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment • Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host computer’s hardware • Type 2 hypervisor is installed in a general purpose host operating system, and host accesses host hardware on behalf of the guest OS MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 4 A Virtualization Primer (cont’d.) • Virtual disk – Files residing on the host computer that represent a virtual machine’s hard drive • Virtual network – Network configuration created internally by virtualization software • Snapshot – Partial copy of a VM made at a particular moment MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 5 Figure 9-1 Hyper-V architecture ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 6 Figure 9-2 Hyper-V management console ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 7 Virtualization in the IT Datacenter • Type 1 hypervisors targeted mainly for production virtualization in datacenters • Applications for type 1 hypervisors – – – – – – – Consolidation of servers Server Core installations Test installations and upgrades Test a preconfigured application Test what-if scenarios Live migration Dynamic provisioning MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 8 Hyper-V Installation • Prerequisites for Hyper-V installation – 64-bit version of Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise, or Datacenter Edition – CPU must support virtualization extensions – Free disk space at least equal to the minimum requirement for the OS to be installed – RAM at least equal to the minimum amount for Windows Server 2008 plus the minimum amount for the OS being installed • Cannot install Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 that is itself running as a virtual machine MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 9 Hyper-V Licensing Considerations • Must have proper license for the guest OS • Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V includes licenses for virtual instances of Windows Server 2008 – Standard edition includes one license for a virtual instance of Windows Server 2008 – Enterprise edition includes licenses for four virtual instances – Datacenter edition includes licenses for unlimited virtual instances MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 10 Activity 9-1: Install the Hyper-V Role on Windows Server 2008 • Log on to your Windows Server 2008 computer as Administrator – If Server Manager doesn’t start, click the server icon in the Quick Launch toolbar • In the left pane of Server Manager, click Roles • Click Add Roles in the Roles Summary pane on the right – In the Before You Begin window, review the information, and then click Next MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 11 Activity 9-1: Install the Hyper-V Role on Windows Server 2008 (cont’d.) • In the Select Server Roles window, click to select the Hyper-V check box, and click Next • Read the information and click Next • Select the check box next to the name of your network adapter, and click Next • Click Install, then Close, then Yes to restart your server • Log on after restart and click Close • Click Roles in Server Manager’s left pane • Close all open windows MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 12 Creating Virtual Machines in Hyper-V • Creating a virtual machine – Start the New Virtual Machine wizard from Hyper-V Manager – Give the new VM a descriptive name – Choose a location for the VM – Assign the amount of memory this VM requires – Configure networking – Create a virtual hard disk – Install an OS MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 13 Activity 9-2: Create a Virtual Machine • Log on to your server as Administrator • Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, click Hyper-V Manager • Click your server name in the left pane of Hyper-V Manager – In the Actions pane, click New, Virtual Machine • Click Next • Type VMTest in the Name text box, and click Next • Verify the value in the Memory text box is 512MB – Click Next MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 14 Activity 9-2: Create a Virtual Machine (cont’d.) • Click the Connection list arrow in the Configure Networking window, and click your network connection in the drop-down list • Enter the virtual hard disk’s name, size, and location, and click Next • In the Installation Options window, click the Install an operating system from a boot CD/DVD-ROM option button, and click Next • Click Finish • Close all open windows MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 15 Activity 9-3: Install Windows Server 2008 on a Virtual Machine • Log on to your server as Administrator • Insert your Windows Server 2008 installation DVD • If necessary, click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and click Hyper-V Manager • In the center pane, right-click the virtual machine you created in Activity 9-2 and click Connect • Click Action, Start from the menu MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 16 Figure 9-3 A virtual machine before it’s started ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 17 Activity 9-3: Install Windows Server 2008 on a Virtual Machine (cont’d.) • Installation is identical to Windows Server 2008 installation steps in Chapter 1, Activity 1-1 – Except press Ctrl-Alt-End instead of Ctrl-Alt-Delete to log on • Shut down the virtual machine after logging on – Click Start, Shutdown • Close all open windows MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 18 Basic Virtual Machine Management with Hyper-V Manager • Virtual machine runs in the background – Until you connect to it with Hyper-V Manager • Can manage a VM remotely if the VM is configured to communicate with the host network • Hyper-V Manager layout – Middle pane shows installed VMs – Operations column – Snapshots section MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 19 Figure 9-4 Hyper-V Manager showing five virtual machines ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 20 Basic Virtual Machine Management with Hyper-V Manager (cont’d.) • Methods of connecting to a VM – Right-click the VM and click Connect – Double-click the VM – Select the VM and double-click its screen shot in the bottom section – Select the VM and click Connect in the Actions pane • Virtual Machine Connection console toolbar icons – Ctrl-Alt-Delete, start, turn off, shut down, save, pause, reset, snapshot, revert MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 21 Figure 9-5 The Virtual Machine Connection console ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 22 Activity 9-4: Work with Virtual Machines in Hyper-V Manager • Log on to your host server as Administrator • Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and click Hyper-V Manager • Right-click the virtual machine you created in Activity 9-2 and click Connect • If the VM was powered down, power it on by clicking the Start toolbar icon in the connection console or clicking Action, Start from the menu – Go immediately to the next step MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 23 Activity 9-4: Work with Virtual Machines in Hyper-V Manager (cont’d.) • While Windows is booting, close the connection console • Double-click the VM’s screen shot to open the connection console to your VM • After Windows finishes booting, click the Ctrl-AltDelete toolbar icon • Enter the password for the Administrator account • Close any open windows in the VM until only the desktop is displayed MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 24 Activity 9-4: Work with Virtual Machines in Hyper-V Manager (cont’d.) • Click Start, type notepad in the Start Search text box, and press Enter to start Notepad • Type your name in a new text document, then click Save • Close the virtual machine console – Open the VM by double-clicking it – Start the VM by clicking the Start toolbar icon • Save the Notepad file to your desktop as File1.txt • Click the Snapshot toolbar icon – Type the name BeforeDeletingFile1, then click Yes MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 25 Activity 9-4: Work with Virtual Machines in Hyper-V Manager (cont’d.) • Minimize your VM, and note snapshot is listed – Maximize your VM and delete the Notepad file – Empty the recycle bin • Click the Revert toolbar icon • Click Revert when prompted, and the Notepad file returns to the desktop • Right-click the VM in Hyper-V Manager, and click Shutdown – Click the Shutdown button when prompted • Close Hyper-V Manager MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 26 Advanced VM Creation • Other methods to create virtual machines – Importing an exported VM – Copying the virtual disk – Converting a physical machine to a virtual machine MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 27 Importing an Exported VM • Virtual machines can be exported and imported again – To create one or more new virtual machines • VM must be turned off to be exported • Can choose option to only export the VM configuration – VM’s hard drive is not exported • Exporting a VM does not change the original VM MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 28 Activity 9-5: Export and Import a VM • Log on to your host server as Administrator • Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and click Hyper-V Manager • Click to select VMTest you created earlier – In the Actions pane, under VMTest, click Export – In the Export Virtual Machine dialog, click Browse to select the Export Path • In the Select Folder screen, click New Folder and name it VMExport – Click Select Folder MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 29 Activity 9-5: Export and Import a VM (cont’d.) • In the Export Virtual Machine dialog, notice the checkbox labeled “Export only the virtual machine configuration” – If you check the box, the VM’s hard drive data is not exported, so leave it unchecked – Click Export • Hyper-V Manager Operations column shows progress of the exporting operation • Right-click VMTest and click Rename – Type VMTest1 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 30 Activity 9-5: Export and Import a VM (cont’d.) • Click Import Virtual Machine in the Actions pane – Click Browse – Double-click VMExport and then click VMTest – Click Select Folder • Leave option to Reuse old virtual machine IDs unchecked – Click Import • Rename the new VM to VMTest2 • Close Hyper-V Manager MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 31 Figure 9-6 Importing a VM ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 32 Copying a Virtual Disk • Steps to copy a virtual disk – Shut down the VM currently using the virtual disk before you copy it – Copy the virtual hard disk from an existing VM to a new folder or rename to leave in same folder – Create a new VM and choose Use an existing virtual hard disk option on the Connect Virtual Hard Disk screen – Browse to the copied virtual hard disk – Finish the New Virtual Machine wizard MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 33 Convert a Physical Machine to a Virtual Machine • Tools to create a virtual machine from a physical computer – Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager • Has a Convert physical server wizard – Download the free disk2vhd utility from http://technet.microsoft.com/sysinternals MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 34 Hyper-V Virtual Networks • Types of Hyper-V virtual networks – – – – External Internal Private No network at all • Click Virtual Network Manager in the Actions pane to create, delete, and modify virtual networks MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 35 External Virtual Network • Binds a virtual network to one of the host’s physical network adapters – Virtual machine accesses a LAN connected to the host • One external network can be created per physical network adapter • Used when external computers must access the VM or VM must have access to external network resources MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 36 Figure 9-8 A host and VM connected through an external virtual network ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 37 Activity 9-6: Work with External Virtual Networks • Log on to your host server as Administrator • Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and click Hyper-V Manager • Click Virtual Network Manager in the Actions pane – Click the virtual network listed under New virtual network • Click Remove to delete the virtual network, click OK, and click Yes • Open Network and Sharing Center and click Manage Network Connections – Close Local Area Connection Properties MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 38 Activity 9-6: Work with External Virtual Networks (cont’d.) • In Hyper-V Manager, click Virtual Network Manager – Click New virtual network if necessary – Click External if necessary – Click Add to create a new external virtual network • Type ExternalNet1 in the Name box under New Virtual Network, click OK, click Yes • Open the Network Connections screen and view properties of Local Area Connection and Local Area Connection 2 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 39 Figure 9-11 The physical NIC bound to the virtual switch protocol (left) and the new virtual NIC ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 40 Activity 9-6: Work with External Virtual Networks (cont’d.) • Right-click VMTest1 and click Settings • Click Network Adapter in the left pane under Hardware – Click ExternalNet1 in the right pane under the selection arrow for network, and click OK – Follow the same procedure for VMTest 2 • Start both VMTest1 and VMTest 2 – Ping the default gateway and you should be successful – If not, may need to change settings on the VM MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 41 Activity 9-6: Work with External Virtual Networks (cont’d.) • Turn off the firewall on both VMs – – – – – Open Network and Sharing Center Click Windows Firewall Click Turn Windows Firewall on or off Click Off Click OK • Verify that you can ping from VMTest1 to VMTest 2 and vice versa • Close all open windows MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 42 Internal Virtual Network • Allows virtual machines and the host computer to communicate with one another • Does not provide VMs access to the physical network • Not bound to any of the host’s physical NICs • Used in test and lab environments in which you want the VMs to be isolated from the physical network but able to communicate with the host MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 43 Figure 9-12 An internal virtual network – only the host can communicate with the virtual machines ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 44 Activity 9-7: Work with Internal Virtual Networks • Log on to host server as Administrator • Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, click Hyper-V Manager • Click Virtual Network Manager in the Actions pane – Click Internal, and click Add • Type InternalNet1 in the Name box, click OK • Open Network and Sharing Center and click Change adapter settings – Open the Properties of the new connection – Close Local Area Connection 3 Properties MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 45 Activity 9-7: Work with Internal Virtual Networks (cont’d.) • Right-click Local Area Connection 3 and click Status and then Details – Write down the IP address – Close all Windows except Network and Sharing Center and Hyper-V Manager • Click Windows Firewall, click Turn Windows Firewall on or off, and click Turn off Windows Firewall for each network location – Click OK – Close Windows Firewall MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 46 Activity 9-7: Work with Internal Virtual Networks (cont’d.) • In Hyper-V Manager, right-click VMTest1 and click Settings – – – – Under Hardware, click Network Adapter In the Network selection box, click InternalNet1 Click OK Close Windows Firewall and Network and Sharing Center • Double-click VMTest1 to connect to it – If the VM is not running, start it now – Log on to VMTest1 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 47 Activity 9-7: Work with Internal Virtual Networks (cont’d.) • Open a command prompt on VMTest1 and type ipconfig and press Enter • Type ping host-address • Start and connect to VMTest2 and determine its IP address – From VMTest1, try to ping VMTest2 – Ping will not be successful since they are no longer connected to the same virtual network • Connect VMTest2 to InternalNet1 – Ping VMTest2 from VMTest1 and vice versa MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 48 Private Virtual Network • VMs connected to the private virtual network cannot communicate with the host computer • Creating a private virtual network – Does not create a new network connection on the host computer MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 49 Figure 9-13 An private virtual network – the host does not communicate with the virtual machines ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 50 Communicating Between Hyper-V Networks • Two different methods for isolating VMs in their own private network while allowing access to other private networks or an external network – Create an external and private virtual network (Figure 9-14) – Create an internal virtual network and enable routing on the host machine so that it routes between internal and physical networks (Figure 9-15) MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 51 Figure 9-14 Routing between a private and external virtual network Figure 9-15 Routing between an internal network and the physical network ©Cengage Learning 2012 ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 52 Using Virtual LAN IDs • Allow creating subnets, or broadcast domains, on a single external or internal virtual network • Enabling VLANs for a virtual network – Click Enable virtual LAN identification for parent partition checkbox on the Virtual Network Manager – Physical NIC on the host must support VLANs – Choose an ID number in the Virtual Network Manager MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 53 Working with Virtual Hard Disks • File on a host computer with .vhd extension • Virtual hard disks are more flexible than physical disks • Three types of virtual hard disks – Dynamically expanding – Fixed size – Differencing MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 54 Creating and Modifying Virtual Disks • Choose the type of disk in the New Virtual Hard Disk wizard • Disks are created in a default location unless you specify a different path • Can modify certain aspects of the disk using the Edit Virtual Hard Disk wizard • Disk editing options available – Compact – Convert – Expand MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 55 Creating and Modifying Virtual Disks (cont’d.) • Disk editing options available (cont’d.) – Merge – Reconnect MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 56 Activity 9-8: Create a Dynamically Expanding Virtual Disk • Log on to your host server as Administrator • Open Hyper-V Manager, if necessary • In the Actions pane, click New, Hard Disk – On the Before You Begin screen, click Next • On the Choose Disk Type screen accept the default of Dynamically expanding and click Next • On the Specify Name and Location screen, type VMTest1-2.vhd – Click Next MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 57 Activity 9-8: Create a Dynamically Expanding Virtual Disk (cont’d.) • On the Configure Disk screen, type 2 in the Size box, and click Next • On the Completing the New Virtual Hard Disk Wizard screen, review options and click Finish • Make sure that VMTest1 is powered off – If it isn’t, shut down the VM now – In Hyper-V Manager, right-click VMTest1 and click Settings • Click IDE Controller 0 (or the name of the controller the first virtual disk is connected to) MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 58 Activity 9-8: Create a Dynamically Expanding Virtual Disk (cont’d.) • Click Add, click Browse, click VMTest1-2.vhd and click Open, click OK • In Hyper-V Manager, double-click VMTest1 and click the Start icon – Logon to VMTest1 and click Start, Computer • In VMTest1, click Start and type diskmgmt.msc, press Enter, click OK • Right-click the box next to Disk 1 and click New Simple Volume – Accept default options and close Disk Management MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 59 Activity 9-8: Create a Dynamically Expanding Virtual Disk (cont’d.) • Create a new folder on the E: drive and create a new text file in the new folder • Shut down VMTest1 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 60 Activity 9-9: Convert a Dynamic Disk to a Fixed Disk • Log on to your host server as Administrator • Open Hyper-V Manager, if necessary • Right-click VMTest1 and click Settings – Click the VMTest1-2.vhd Hard Drive and click Edit • On the Choose Action screen, click Convert and click Next • On the Convert Virtual Hard Disk screen, click Browse and type VMTest1-2Fixed.vhd and click Save – Click Next MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 61 Activity 9-9: Convert a Dynamic Disk to a Fixed Disk (cont’d.) • On the Completing the Edit Virtual Hard Disk Wizard screen, click Finish • When the conversion is finished, click Browse – Click VMTest1-2Fixed.vhd, Open to attach the fixed disk to VMTest1 – Click OK • In Hyper-V Manager, double-click VMTest1 and click the Start icon – Logon to VMTest1, click Start, Computer – Explore the E: drive to verify the files you created in the last activity are still there MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 62 Activity 9-9: Convert a Dynamic Disk to a Fixed Disk (cont’d.) • It is now safe to delete the old dynamic disk (named VMTest1-2.vhd) if desired – Shut down VMTest1 – Stay logged on to your server if you are going on to the next activity; otherwise shut down your host machine MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 63 Activity 9-10: Create a New VM and Attach a Differencing Disk • Log on to your host server as Administrator • Open Hyper-V Manager, if necessary • Right-click VMTest2 and click Settings – Note the name and location of the virtual hard drive attached to VMTest2 – Click Remove to detach the virtual hard disk from VMTest2 – Click OK • Open an Explorer window, browse to the location of the virtual hard disk, rename as VMParent.vhd MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 64 Activity 9-10: Create a New VM and Attach a Differencing Disk (cont’d.) • In Hyper-V Manager click New, Hard Disk, Next • On the Choose Disk Type screen, click Differencing, Next • On the Specify Name and Location screen, type VMTest2Diff.vhd, click Next • On the Configure Disk screen, click Browse, VMParent.vhd – Click Open, Next, Finish MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 65 Activity 9-10: Create a New VM and Attach a Differencing Disk (cont’d.) • Repeat steps from prior slide but this time, type the name VMTest3Diff.vhd • In Hyper-V Manager, right-click VMTest2 and click Settings – Click IDE Controller 0 and click Add • Click Browse and click VMTest2Diff.vhd, click Open, OK • Click New, Virtual Machine, Next MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 66 Activity 9-10: Create a New VM and Attach a Differencing Disk (cont’d.) • Type VMTest3 in the Name box and click Next – Click Next to accept the default amount of memory – Choose InternalNet1 for the network connection and click Next • On the Connect Virtual Hard Disk screen, click Use an existing virtual hard disk, click Browse – Click VMTest3Diff.vhd, click Open, Next, Finish • Start VMTest2 and VMTest3, and verify the size of the differencing disk • Shut down your VMs MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 67 Pass-through Disks • Physical disk attached to the host that is in the offline state • Can only be connected to a VM if it has been initialized and set to offline status • Works like a virtual disk except cannot use any disk editing options on a pass-through disk • Cannot take snapshots or use a differencing disk • SQL servers and high-performance cluster servers may benefit from the VM using a pass-through disk MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 68 Managing Virtual Machines • Additional features to manage and configure the virtual environment – – – – Virtual machine hardware settings Integration services Automatic start and stop actions Managing snapshots MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 69 Virtual Machine Hardware Settings • Hardware settings that can be configured – BIOS settings – Modifying amount of memory allocated to a VM – Virtual processor settings • Most settings cannot be changed unless the VM is powered off MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 70 BIOS Settings • Two options you can change – Num Lock status on startup – Boot order Figure 9-21 BIOS settings ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 71 Memory Allocation • Configure the amount of memory a VM is allocated from the host computer: – When you create the VM – Can also change the amount after the VM is created • Account for memory needs of other VMs that will run simultaneously MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 72 Virtual Processor Settings • Adjust how many virtual processors are assigned to the virtual machine – Up to the number of physical processors or processor cores installed on the host computer Figure 9-22 Virtual processor settings ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 73 Integration Services • Provide enhanced drivers for the guest OS • Improve performance of IDE and SCSI devices, network interface, mouse, and video devices • Emulated drivers – Used when Integration Services is not installed • Examples of additional services – – – – Operating system shutdown Time synchronization Data exchange Heartbeat MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 74 Automatic Start and Stop Actions Figure 9-24 Automatic Start Action ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 75 Automatic Start and Stop Actions (cont’d.) Figure 9-25 Automatic Stop Action ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 76 Managing Snapshots • Can create up to 50 snapshots per VM • Can revert your VM to any of the saved snapshots • Once a snapshot is created, cannot change the snapshot location for that VM • Should always use Hyper-V Manager to delete snapshots • Snapshots decrease the disk performance of the virtual machine • Snapshots must be deleted before expanding a disk MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 77 Reverting to and Applying Snapshots Figure 9-26 The snapshot Revert option ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 78 Reverting to and Applying Snapshots (cont’d.) Figure 9-27 The snapshot Apply option ©Cengage Learning 2012 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 79 Summary • Virtualization creates an emulated computer environment that allows multiple OSs to run on the same physical computer at the same time • Key applications for virtualization include server consolidation, testing, live migration, and dynamic provisioning • VMs are created using Hyper-V Manager • Three types of virtual networks exist – External, internal, and private MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 80 Summary (cont’d.) • Three types of virtual hard disks can be created – Dynamically expanding – Fixed size – Differencing • A pass-through disk is an offline physical disk attached to the host • Many aspects of a VM’s physical environment can be configured – BIOS settings, memory allocation, and virtual processor settings MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643) 81