Eco-compensation in China
after 2009
靳乐山 Jin Leshan
中国农业大学人文与发展学院
China Agricultural University
Policy and legislation
11th Five-year Plan (2006-2010):
“Accelerate establishment of eco-compensation
mechanism”
2009: leadership transferred to NDRC
2009: 1st PES conference in Ningxia (with ADB)
1st PES Conference in Ningxia 2009
• April 2010:
Launch the Eco-compensation Regulation
process. Led by NDRC
• October 2010:
Launch Grassland Eco-compensation
from 2011, CNY13.6 billion in 8 provinces
• October 2010:
2nd PES Conference (with ADB) in Sichuan
• February 2011:
ADB TA-7699 Study on Eco-compensation
Legislation
• March 2011:
ADB TA-7217 Technical Guideline for
Eco-compensation in River Basins
• November 2011:
3rd PES Conference (with ADB) in Jiangxi
3rd PES Conference in Jiangxi 2011
法律Law
2008年修订，2008年6月1日起实施的《水污
染防治法》：
Water Pollution Prevention Law (amended 2008)
“第七条 国家通过财政转移支付等方式，
建立健全对位于饮用水水源保护区区域和
江河、湖泊、水库上游地区的水环境生态
保护补偿机制。”The state sets up water
eco-compensation mechanism, with public
financial transfer, to protect the drinking water
source areas and headwater of rivers, lakes,
and reservoirs.
法律Law
• 《水土保持法》（2010-12-25修订，2011-3-1
起施行）
Water and Soil Conservation Law (amended 2010)
• “第三十一条 国家加强江河源头区、饮用水
水源保护区和水源涵养区水土流失的预防和
治理工作，多渠道筹集资金，将水土保持生
态效益补偿纳入国家建立的生态效益补偿制
度。”Compensation for eco-benefits of water
and soil conservation will be part of state ecocompensation mechanism.
12th Five-year Plan （2011-2015）
• 第25章第3节：建立生态补偿机制
“按照谁开发谁保护、谁受益谁补偿的原则，
加快建立生态补偿机制。加大对重点生态功
能区的均衡性转移支付力度，研究设立国家
生态补偿专项资金。推行资源型企业可持续
发展准备金制度。鼓励、引导和探索实施下
游地区对上游地区、开发地区对保护地区、
生态受益地区对生态保护地区的生态补偿。
积极探索市场化生态补偿机制。加快制定实
施生态补偿条例。”
Eco-compensation Regulation
•
•
-
NDRC, MOF play the leading role.
Areas:
prohibited, restricted areas;
Forestland;
- Grassland
Wetland;
- Watershed;
Marine;
- Wildland;
Mining-land
• Wetland eco-compensation:
Compensate those who protect or suffer loss
from protection of:
- Ramsar Wetland;
- National important wetland;
- Wetland nature reserve;
- Wetland park.
• Government Eco-compensation
• Market Eco-compensation
• Other types
•
-
Government Eco-compensation
Public financial transfer to those restricted…
National Eco-compensation Fund
Provincial Eco-compensation Fund
• Market Eco-compensation
“Encourage the market-based eco-compensation”
with policy tools of finance, tax, accounting etc.
- Business deal;
- Emission trading;
- Water rights trading;
- Carbon market;
- Eco-labeling;
- etc.
• Other types of eco-compensation:
(horizontal transfer)
- Local government to another local government
- Downstream to upstream;
- Developed areas to ecologically protected area
- Marine developer to those who suffer loss;
Wetland eco-compensation
•
-
Barriers:
Definition
Policy conflicts
Regulations
Developed vs. developing regions
incentive-based tools vs. regulatory tools
biodiversity offset, wetland banking
Valuation work
• A literature review of landscape amenity
valuation
• Wetland valuation:
-Duan Xiaonan et al. 2005. Evaluation of
Wetland Ecosystem Services in Wuliangsuhai.
Resources Science, 27(2):110-115
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谢 谢 ！
靳乐山：jinls@cau.edu.cn, 010-62732649,
中国农业大学人文与发展学院 1368 3646 112