Intermediate 2
& Higher Physical Education
Skills and Techniques
Lesson objectives…
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Recap - Principles of Effective Practice
Recap - Feedback and Motivation
Graffiti Poster for Feedback – Motivation – Principles of effective practice
Stages of Skill Learning
What stage of skill learning are we at and what have we been doing
Types/Methods of Practice
Issue homework for Friday 9th December – 2 tasks
Recap of last Wednesday
Click here for last Wednesdays lesson
Cooperative Learning Task
Instructions
Get into a group of six.
Sit at a graffiti poster.
Feedback
Motivation
Principles of
effective
practice
At your poster write down any word or phrase that you can think of
which relates to the subject area.
When instructed move to the next graffiti poster.
At your new poster write down any word or phrase that you can think
of which relates to the subject area.
Repeat the above.
Stages of Skill Learning
What are the three stages of skill learning?
STAGES OF LEARNING
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
Stages of skill learning as a journey
Associative
Autonomous
Cognitive
Cognitive Stage
During the planning stage, you find out what the skill involves – work out
the subroutines: Preparation
Action
Recovery
At the cognitive stage of skill learning. Limited ability and knowledge of
skill. Observing Model performer helps improve knowledge of what it
means to perform effectively.
Even although some of the subroutines involved in the skill
maybe new, it does not mean that you are at the beginner
level in badminton.
Beginner Level
Badminton
Player
After establishing the different subroutines you make your
first attempts at learning the skill
Errors are likely to be common during the planning stage. As a result of
this you will need lots of advice and encouragement
What was the first thing you did during the cognitive stage?
Why did you break the OHC down?
What did you do after establishing the subroutines?
Why was it important to receive feedback at this stage?
What was the first thing you did during the cognitive stage?
During the cognitive stage, I found out exactly what the overhead clear involved. To do this I observed a
model performing playing the stroke. I was then able to break the skill down into three phases:
Preparation
Action
Recovery
Why did you break the OHC down?
This enabled me to identify each of the subroutines that make up the skill. By doing this I had a clear
understanding of the movements I had to perform in order to play an effective overhead clear. Even
although some of the subroutines involved in the overhead clear were new, I wasn’t a badminton
beginner, I had some previous experience of the activity.
What did you do after establishing the subroutines?
After establishing the subroutines involved I made my first attempts at performing the skill by shadowing
the movements of a model performer, to do this I used shadow practice. As my performance improved I
attempted different shadow practices which got progressively more difficult. It was important to ensure
my practice was progressive to keep the practices challenging and prevent boredom.
Why was it important to receive feedback at this stage?
During these early stages I made a lot of errors, for this reason it was important that I received regular
positive feedback. By receiving regular verbal feedback from my partner I could very quickly correct
errors in my performance. Due to the number of errors I initially made it was important the feedback
was positive to keep my motivation levels up.
Types / Methods of Practice
Gradual Build Up
Conditioned
Stage 5
Games
Pressure
StageDrills
4
Gradual Build
Combination
Up
Stage 3
Practice
Repetition
Stage 2
Practice
Shadow
Stage
Practice
1
Methods of practice
used on our journey
Shadow
Practice
Cognitive
Repetition
Practice
Associative
Combination
Practice
Pressure
Drills
Conditioned
Games
Autonomous
Homework
Due – Friday 9th December
Task 1:
Describe what you did at the cognitive stage of skill learning to develop your overhead clear.
Give specific performance related examples to support your answer.
Task 2:
Describe a complex skill which you found to be a weakness. Explain why you considered it
to be a weakness.
Answer for task 2 should include
• Intro – aim/objective of overhead clear
• Explanation as to why OHC is a complex skill
• Description of overhead clear
• Comparison of your performance to that of a model performer at the Preparation / Action /
Recovery stages.
• Summary of how this affected the effectiveness of your overhead clear.
The overhead clear video used in class may help you with this answer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhe_rRJR9_Y