Once
the upper body skeletal
system quiz is handed to you,
please begin working.
• Label the upper body skeletal system
using the medical names. Do the best you
can with spelling – It needs to be close
enough that I can tell that you know the
right medical name
• When finished, make sure your name is on
the paper and place it in the black bin.
 Content
Objective: The students will be
able to differentiate various fractures,
joints, and functions of the skeletal system
by completing notes.
 Language Objective: The students will
be able to apply the definition of the
prefix “osteo” to various words in order to
discover their meaning.
 Which
of the
following is not
located in the arm?
 Which
of the
following is located
in the chest?
• 1. Humerus
• 1. Lumbar Vertebrae
• 2. Fibula
• 2. Coccyx
• 3. Ulna
• 3. Sternum
• 4. Radius
• 4. Carpals
 What
is the function
of the vertebral
column?
 What is the medical
name for the
shoulder blade?
 What is the function
of the clavicle?
 What is the medical
name for the last 4
fused vertebrae?
 Discuss
with someone sitting near you…
• We have four main functions of the skeletal
system. Discuss what you think these four
functions may be.
• Think about: the individual functions of each
bone we discussed last class.
 What
does the word
support mean?
 Definition:
To bear or
hold up; serve as a
foundation for.
Without bones we would have no structure
Keeps internal organs in their position
•
•
Example: Cranium is cavity that provides space for
the brain to stay in place.

Supports our weight
•
Example: Femur is the longest and strongest bone
in the body to support the weight of the rest of the
body

Bone can rebuild itself and every 10 years our
bones replace themselves
•

Process called remodeling removes old pieces of bone
and replaces it with new bone
 What
does the word
protection mean?
 Definition
=
Perseverance from
injury or harm
 Encases
vital organs within hard bone
• What vital organs are encased?
 Body
tissue
 Bone Marrow
• Bone marrow produces red and white blood
cells
 What
does the word
storage mean?
 What do we store in
our bones?
 Definition
– Capacity
or space for keeping
things
 Calcium
and
phosphorus
 Energy
• Fats (lipids) are stored
in the adipose cells of
the yellow marrow
 Releases
minerals
into the blood as
needed
 What
does movement
mean?
 Definition
– Actions
or activities as of a
person
 Skeletal
bones held by ligaments
 Muscles are attached to bones through tendons
• The muscular and skeletal system work together to
create movement and are called the musculoskeletal
system.
 When muscles contract the skeletal system moves
 The
shape of the bones affect movement
 Osteo
- Prefix meaning of or relating to
the bone.
• Examples:
 Osteoclast – A cell that breaks down bone
 Osteoblast – A cell that makes bone
 Osteon – Basic central structural component of
compact bone
 The
natural process
of bone formation.
 The hardening of
muscular tissue into a
boney substance.
 Where
do we have joints in our skeletal
system?
• Discuss with the person sitting next to you
 What
types of joints have you already
learned about?
• Discuss with the person behind you
 Definition
of joints –
The location at which
bones connect.
• Joints are constructed
at most locations to
allow movement
 Types
of Joints
• Ball and Socket
• Hinge Joint
• Gliding Joint
• Fixed Joint
• Saddle Joint
• Pivot Joint
Allows for the greatest
freedom of movement
 Structure – Bone with a
spherical end and a
bone with a cup-like
socket
 Only ball and socket
joints in the body:

• Shoulder (where the
humerus meets the
scapula and clavicle)
• Hip (where the femur
meets the pelvis)

Move your shoulder
through all the range of
motion it is capable of
 Only
allows forward
and backward motion
• Example: Door
 Examples
Body:
• Elbow
• Knee
• Ankle
• Fingers
in the
 Try
moving your
elbow through its
range of motion
 Bones
that meet at a
flat or nearly flat
articular surfaces
• Allow the joints to
slide past one another
in any direction
 Examples:
• Carpals in wrist
• Tarsals in ankle
• Vertebrae
Try moving your hand
 Any
place two bones
come together is
called a joint whether
or not movement
occurs.
 Fixed joints are held
together by a tough
fiber that do not allow
movement at the join
• Example:
 Cranium/Skull
 Firm, rubbery
tissue that cushions bones
at joints.
• Location: Attaches ribs to sternum, found in
knee cap, nose, ears, at end of bones in joints
 Osteoporosis
 Rickets
• Bowed-Legs
 Fractures
• Complete
• Compound
• Stress
 Osteoarthritis
 Causes
bones to become weak and
brittle
• Brittle to the point that a simple fall, cough or
bending over can cause a fracture
• Most frequent injures occur in the hip, wrist or
spine
 Caused
when the creation of bone does
not keep up with absorption of bone
• Frequently Occurs in Older Women past

Caused by lack of
Vitamin D, calcium or
phosphate causing the
weakening and
softening of bones
• Rickets can be caused
by your genes, kidney
disorder, disorders of
the liver
• Rare in the United States
but can occur when
children are rapidly
growing
 Common
in toddler
 Looks Like – When feet together there is a
distinct space between knees and lower legs
 Cause – Either one or both legs curve
outward
• The bowing is typically corrected by age 3 or 4
Occur when a physical force exerted on a bone is stronger than the
bone
 The
bone is fractured
completely across
 Open
fracture where
there is a break in the
skin around the bone
• The outside air, dirt
must be able to get to
the fracture for it to be
a compound
 Tiny
cracks in the
bones
 Caused by repetitive
application of force
• Typically overuse
injury
• Example: Runners get
stress fractures in tibia
• Also caused from
osteoporosis
 Most
common form of arthritis
• Wear and tear arthritis
 Cause
– Protective cartilage on the ends of
bones wears down over time
• Most Common: Hands, neck, knees, hips, lower back