DNA & RNA
1) DNA Basics
2) DNA Structure & Function
3) DNA Replication
4) RNA Structure & Function
5) Comparing DNA & RNA
Organization of DNA inside the cell:
Cell
Nucleus
Chromosome
DNA
Genes
(top)
• DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid, and is the instructions for
making proteins.
• DNA is stored in the nucleus. It is wrapped tightly around
proteins called histones to form structures called chromosomes.
• DNA contains many genes, each controlling the production of
one protein.
1) DNA Basics
(bottom)
STRUCTURE of DNA:
Shade or circle the following
parts in the given color:
•
•
•
•
•
Green= Phosphate
Group
Red= Sugar
Blue=Nitrogenous
bases
Yellow=Nucleotide
Purple= SugarPhosphate backbone
DNA has a DOUBLE
HELIX shape!!!
2) DNA Structure & Function (top)
FUNCTION of DNA:
DNA stores the
genetic material.
•
•
•
DNA passes traits to
the next generation.
•
internal code of nitrogenous bases
double stranded sugar-phosphate
backbone protect the code
coiled tightly to allow for more
surface area  meaning more room
to store genetic code
nitrogen bases are complementary
• A and T pair together
• G and C pair together
•
weak hydrogen bonds hold bases
together- allow for ease during
replication
2) DNA Structure & Function (bottom)
DNA Replication
#1
Color the following in
picture #1:
•
Green= Parent
Strand
• Yellow=
Complementary
Strand
Outline the
following: in
picture #2:
#2
3) DNA Replication (top)
•
Red =
Leading
strand
• Blue =
Lagging
LEADING STRAND
1. DNA unwinds
with help of
an enzyme,
helicase, this
breaks weak
hydrogen
bonds
between
bases
5. DNA
Termination
6. DNA repairs itself
2. The enzyme
primase attached
to the parent
strand, this helps
bind (attach) new
nucleotides
4. DNA
primers are
removed &
DNA ligase
adds sugars
and
phosphates
in gaps
made by
fragments
3) DNA Replication (bottom)
3. Elongation
enzyme DNA
polymerase reads
template strand
and continuously
adds new
nucleotides that
are
complementary to
the parent strand
LAGGING STRAND
3. DNA primase
adds more
primers, DNA is
elongated in short
segments (Okazki
fragments) by DNA
polymerase.
Types of RNA:
mRNA
tRNA
4) RNA Structure & Function (top)
rRNA
Type of RNA:
Function:
mRNA
“messenger”
•
rRNA
“ribosomal”
•
tRNA
“transfer”
•
makes a copy of DNA in the nucleus
• travels from nucleus  cytoplasm 
ribosome
• bases in mRNA are read in sets of 3
bases called codons
“home” of protein synthesis= mRNA
brings code, tRNA brings amino acids
and rRNA puts the two together to
make protein
gathers amino acids
• travels to the ribosome
• contains a set of 3 bases in tRNA
(anticodon)
4) RNA Structure & Function (top)
5) Comparing DNA & RNA (top)

Draw & Complete the following Venn
Diagram:
DNA
5) Comparing DNA & RNA (bottom)
RNA