Sophistication of Sentence Structure
DLLP
Not Evident
• One word responses
• 2 or more word phrases
not in English word order
• Response in a language
other than English
• Sentence fragments
placed in English word
order
DLLP
Emerging
• Simple sentences
• Compound sentences
• May or may not be
accurate
• No use of embedding
(dependent clauses)
Content Guide, pp. 60-63
DLLP
Developing
• Must attempt sentences
with complex clause
structures (i.e., an
independent clause and
at least one dependent
clause)
• May have repetitive use
of one dependent
structure, such as
relative, adverbial, or
noun clauses
• May or may not be
accurate
• Simple and compound
sentences are mostly
accurate/ grammatically
correct
DLLP
Controlled
• Use of a variety of
complex clause
structures, including
relative, adverbial, or
noun clauses
• Simple and compound
sentences are accurate
and grammatically
correct
• Complex clause
structures are mostly
accurate/grammatically
correct
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
• Along the progression, children’s explanations displayed an increase in the
use and variety of sentence structures. Explanations ranged from one-word
responses and sentence fragments to simple sentence constructions to more
compound and complex constructions. Complex sentences included clause
embedding (dependent clauses).
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Developing Sentence Structure (EL):
Emerging Sentence Structure (EL):
Because his teeth need to be clean. And the
bottomEmerging
too and his
tongue.Structure
And he needs
Sentence
(EO/P):
to clean in the sides. And then he needs to
brush them
day. Then
he ithas
tothen
cleanput
Get aevery
toothbrush.
Wash
and
the other
side.
toothpaste on it and brush. Nothing else.
[Can you tell him why to do it?]
Use ofTo
simple
compound
sentences
makeand
your
teeth healthy.
No use of dependent clauses
She should do it because cause if you don't
Sentence
Structure
brush Developing
your teeth, you
still will
get a lot(EO/P):
of
cavities. And how do you do it? You do it up
He should
do it because you want to have
and down
and sideways.
clean teeth. And if he doesn't know how
brush and
his teeth,
thensentences
teach him because
Use oftosimple
complex
you won't know how to brush your teeth.
And that's all.
[Now can you tell him how to do it,
because he doesn't know how?]
You have to brush your teeth with a
toothbrush. And you could brush your
teeth because you could lose your tooth.
Controlled Sentence Structure (EL):
Controlled Sentence Structure (EO/P):
You should clean your teeth because it's
You that
should
it because
it keeps
your
important
youdodon't
get cavities.
You
teeth clean.
you don't
brush them,
use toothpaste
first,And
andifthen
you clean
it will
make your teeth rot away. and your
your teeth
properly.
teeth are part of your skeleton, which
makes your
body
hold together. If you
Uses complex
clause
structures
don'tcompound
have your sentences
skeleton, you
imple and
arewould be a
blob.
controlled
[Can you explain to your friend how to
clean her teeth?]
You take your toothbrush and put some
toothpaste on it. And then you put it in
your mouth and brush. If it's electric, you
push the on button and then brush. The
way you brush is you open your mouth
and then you go like this and smile. And
then you open and do it again like that
and make sure to get the back.
[Anything else?]
But if you have a loose tooth, you need to
brush that one extra well or a grown up
tooth.
·Use of a variety of complex clause
·Use of complex clause structures
Repetitive use of relative clauses
structures
·Use of simple sentences and compound
sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
N/A
Personal routine
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EL):
(EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Because
his teeth need
to be
And put
the bottom
too
Get a toothbrush.
Wash
it clean.
and then
toothpaste
and
tongue.
And
he needs
to clean in the sides. And
on ithis
and
brush.
Nothing
else.
then he needs to brush them every day. Then he has to
[Can you tell him why to do it?]
clean the other side.
To make your teeth healthy.
• Use of simple sentences
• Use of simple and compound sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
The little girl has to do it because her teeth will stay clean,
Developing
Sentence
Sophistication
(EL):turn like different
and they won't
fall out.
And they won't
colors. And they won't fall out at the same time.
She
do tell
it because
you should
don't brush
[Andshould
can you
her howif she
do it,your
how she
teeth,
stillher
willteeth?]
get a lot of cavities. And how do
shouldyou
clean
you
it? You
do itonupthe
and
down and
and then
sideways.
You do
should
brush
bottom
the top and
then this part and then the back and in the back. Oh,
•yeah,
Useand
of adverbial
then you clause
rinse the brush off. And then you put it
back in a little cup or next to the sink.
• Use of adverbial clause
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
You should
do it because
it keepsSophistication
your teeth clean. And
Controlled
Sentence
(EL):if you don't brush
them, it will make your teeth rot away. And your teeth are part of your
skeleton, which makes your body hold together. If you don't have your
Youyou
should
your teeth because it's important
skeleton,
wouldclean
be a blob.
[Can that
you explain
to yourget
friend
how to clean her teeth?]
you don't
cavities.
You take
your
toothbrush
puthow
someto
toothpaste
on it. Andshe
then you put
[And
can
you telland
her
do it, because
it in your mouth and brush. If it's electric, you push the on button and then
doesn’t
how?]
brush.
The way know
you brush
is you open your mouth and then you go like this
You use
toothpaste
then
your
and smile.
And then
you open first,
and doand
it again
likeyou
that clean
and make
sureteeth
to
get the
back.
properly.
[Anything else?]
But if you have a loose tooth, you need to brush that one extra well…or a
• upUse
of a variety of complex clause structures
grown
tooth.
•
Not (yet) evident
(adverbial, complementizer)
Use of a variety of complex clause structures (adverbial, complementizer)
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
• Along the progression, children’s explanations displayed an increase in the
use and variety of sentence structures. Explanations ranged from one-word
responses and sentence fragments to simple sentence constructions to more
compound and complex constructions. Complex sentences included clause
embedding (dependent clauses).
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Because if you want to make them in two
lines, you could count them like this: one,
two, three, four, five, six. And then you
can write the numbers on your paper or
your mom's paper.
Emerging Sentence Structure (EL):
No Evidence Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Six.
She had to count by order by putting them.
And then she sticks them together and she
counts them.
Researcher:
And
why does
using the cubes
Emerging
Sentence
Sophistication
(EO/P):
this way help her?
So she
could count
very count
good. them to help you
Because
you could
figure it out. You can count them in your
Use of
simple
brain.
Putsentences
them this way. You could count
them from your fingers.
Sentence
Sophistication
Use ofDeveloping
simple sentences
accurately
(EO/P): sentences with infinite
Uses complex
forms
As you stack them up, you can count them.
It's easy. It helps me count a lot when I
stack them up.
Attempts to use sentences with complex
clause structures
Controlled
Sentence
Sophistication
Controlled
Sentence
Sophistication
(EL):
(EO/P):
You need to use the cubes to put them in
Using
cubes
thisbefore
way makes
it easier
line and
thenthe
count
them
you put
toline.
count.
that
they
them in
AndSay
then
you
putwere
themallinspread
line
apart.
you piling
lay them
likemore
this,and
one, two,
and then
youIfstart
them
three,
four,
five,
six,find
seven,
more and
more
until
you
out.eight, it won't
quite work.
Butwhy
if you
have
stacked
Researcher:
Tell him
using
thethem
cubes
one,
two,him?
three,
four, five,
be
this way
helps
Because
you six,
will it'll
learn
easier
to count
them
all.three plus
and know
already
what
is like
[Okay.
tellinher
how to do it?]
three or
if youCan
putyou
them
line,uhyou
Let's
saythat
youthere
had aare
bunch
ofall.
cubes like
already
know
six in
this. Take two cubes and just press them
together.types
Take of
another
cube.
Press it
Uses different
complex
clause
together. Take another cube. Press it
structures
another
cube. Press it
Showstogether.
control ofTake
simple
and compound
together. Take another cube. Press it
sentences
together. And take another cube and
press it together. That's how you would
do it until you have all of them stacked
together.
Use of a variety of complex clause
structures (adverbial clauses)
Simple and compound sentences are
controlled
Use of simple sentences
Evidence
Sentence Sophistication
Use ofNo
a one
word of
response
(EO/P):
By counting.
Use of a sentence fragment
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
No Evidence of Sentence Sophistication
(EL):
No
Evidence of Sentence Sophistication
Academic task
EL
EO/P
(EO/P):
Six.
By counting.
• Use of a one word response
• Use of a sentence fragment
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Emerging Sentence
Sentence Sophistication
Sophistication (EL):
(EO/P):
Emerging
Academic task
EL
EO/P
She
had toyou
count
by order
bythem
putting
sheit
Because
could
count
tothem.
help And
you then
figure
sticks
themcan
together
sheincounts
out. You
countand
them
your them.
brain. Put them this
[And
thethem
cubesfrom
this way
help
her?]
way.why
Youdoes
couldusing
count
your
fingers.
So she could count very good.
• Use
Useofofsimple
simple
sentences
sentences and compound sentences
•
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Because
if you
want toSophistication
make them in(EO/P):
two lines, you
Developing
Sentence
could count them like this: one, two, three, four,
As you
stack
youcan
canwrite
countthe
them.
It's easy.onIt
five,
six.
Andthem
thenup,
you
numbers
helps paper
me count
a lot when
I stack
them up.
your
or your
mom's
paper.
Repetitive
use ofclause
adverbial clauses
•• Use
of adverbial
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Using the cubes this way makes it easier to count. Say that they
were all spread apart. If you lay them like this, one, two, three, four,
You need to use the cubes to put them in line and then count
five, six, seven, eight, it won't quite work. But if you have them
them before you put them in line. And then you put them in line
stacked one, two, three, four, five, six, it'll be easier to count them
and then you start piling them more and more and more until
all.
you find out.
[Okay. Can you tell her how to do it?]
[Tell him why using the cubes this way helps him?]
Let's say you had a bunch of cubes like this. Take two cubes and just
Because you will learn and know already what is like three plus
press them together. Take another cube. Press it together. Take
three or if you put them in line, you already know that there
another cube. Press it together. Take another cube. Press it together.
are six in all.
Take another cube. Press it together. And take another cube and
press it together. That's how you would do it until you have all of
• Use of a variety of complex clause structures (adverbial and
them stacked together.
complementizer)
•
Not (yet) evident
Use of a variety of complex clause structures (adverbial,
complementizer)
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
• Along the progression, children’s explanations displayed an increase in the
use and variety of sentence structures. Explanations ranged from one-word
responses and sentence fragments to simple sentence constructions to more
compound and complex constructions. Complex sentences included clause
embedding (dependent clauses).
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Controlled Sentence Sophistication:
Developing Sentence Sophistication:
Emerging Sentence Sophistication:
No Evidence of Sentence Sophistication:
With his hands. [Long pause]
[And tell your friend why she should do
it.]
Because because they be because her teeth
is gonna be yellow.
Why he should brush his teeth? Um so he
doesn't get cavities neither, and he
doesn't get sick, he doesn't get or he
doesn't get cancer in his teeth.
Sentence
[Okay. Developing
Can you explain
to himSophistication:
how to do
it?]
So he
could
have
no cavities.
you pick
Yeah. You
brush
your
teeth
back andAnd
forth
up You
yourdo
toothbrush.
wet
like that.
it from theYou
back
to it. You put on
the toothpaste.
thecalled?
top. Then
everywhere,
even yourYou
whatscrub
is this
bottom.
Then
theUm
top.and
Then
bottom.
Your teeth
in the
back?
youthe
you
side.
Then
other
do it onThen
yourthe
teeth
then
umthe
from
theone.
backThen
youthe
take
it out,
spitdone.
it out,You
and you
and from
top.
Thenyou
you're
your
toothbrush
and mouth
you walk
you getrinse
water.
You
put it in your
to away.
spit it out and you're done.
•Simple sentences
•Simple•Sentence
sentencesfragment
•Compound sentence – coordinating
conjunction
•Sentence fragments
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
You're supposed to get your toothbrush
and then put some paste. Put it on your
teeth and go side to side. Then put your
Developing
Sentence
teeth together
and brush
it upSophistication:
and down,
up and down. Then if you want to brush
You should
a toothbrush
and get
your tongue,
brushget
it. And
it's then put
toothpaste.
You
takeThen
off the
of the
some water
and spit
it out.
getcap
your
toothpaste
squeeze
toothpaste
brush and
take outand
all the
pastesome
that you
out
of
the
tube
onto
your
toothbrush.
were- if there's paste then take it out.
you turn
the sink
and
put a little
Then it Then
it's healthy,
it'sonhelpful
and
it will
bit it
ofwill
water
onyour
yourteeth
toothbrush.
keep you,
keep
clean. And then
you put the bristles in your mouth. And
you
move
your
hand
back
and
forth
•Complex sentences (using only adverbial so
that you get the toothpaste all over your
“if” clauses)
mouth. And then once you've done that
for about two minutes, you spit the
toothpaste out. And you get some water,
rinse your mouth out and clean your
toothbrush. And you should do that so
that whenever you go to the dentist, you
don't have cavities, and so that your teeth
stay healthy.
You need to get your toothbrush, put
some paste and put a little bit of water.
And you go up and down with your
toothbrush in the teeth. Then right to left.
And then
you cleanSentence
your toothbrush
and
Controlled
Sophistication:
you take your tongue out and brush your
tongue.The
Then
you clean
your your
toothbrush
reason
you brush
teeth is that if
and putyou
it where
you putthen
it. Then
you have to go
get cavities,
you may
wash your
mouth
three
that's
to the
dentist
andtimes
take and
it out.
And if you
how you
Then
you
need
to clean
do,clean
thenit.
it'll
really
hurt
when
you do it.
it because
some
germs
Andthere's
how you
brush
yourafter
teethyou
is you get a
eat. And
those germs
your teeth
toothbrush
andmake
toothpaste.
And you get
ugly and
you talkwet
to someone,
you
thewhen
toothbrush
and you put
smell bad.
Then
you
need
to
brush
your
toothpaste on it. And you scrub your
teeth three
day: in
thewash
morning,
teeth.times
Thenaafter,
you
your mouth
and after
eat,
and at night. That's
outyou
with
water.
why you need to brush your teeth.
•Variety of complex clause structures
•Variety
of complex
clause structures
(adverbial,
object/subject
complement)
(adverbial, object complement, etc.)
•Compound sentences – coordinating
conjunctions
•Complex sentences – adverbial phrases
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
No Evidence of Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Personal routine
EL
With a paste. And brushing your teeth in the bath,
not in the room. And that's all.
• Use of sentence fragments
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Why he should brush his teeth? So he doesn't get cavities
neither,
and have
he doesn't
get sick,
he doesn't
get cancer in
So he could
no cavities.
Andoryou
pick up your
his
teeth. You wet it. You put on the toothpaste. You
toothbrush.
[Okay.
Cantop.
youThen
explain
to himThen
howthe
to do
scrub the
bottom.
top.it?]
Then the
You
brush
your
teeth
back
and
forth
like
that.
Youyou
do ittake
from
bottom. Then the side. Then the other one. Then
the
back
everywhere,
in the back.and
And you
it out,
youtospit
it out, andeven
you your
rinseteeth
your toothbrush
do
on your
teeth then from the back and from the top.
youitwalk
away.
Then you're done. You get water. You put it in your mouth to
spit
it out
and you're
done.
• Use
of simple
and compound
sentences
• Use of simple and compound sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
You should get a toothbrush and get toothpaste. You take off the
Developing
Sentenceand
Sophistication
cap of the toothpaste
squeeze some(EL):
toothpaste out of the tube
onto your toothbrush. Then you turn on the sink and put a little bit
You're
supposed
get your toothbrush
and put
thenthe
putbristles
some in your
of water
on yourtotoothbrush.
And then you
paste.
it on
teeth
go back
side to
side.
Then
mouth.Put
And
youyour
move
yourand
hand
and
forth
so put
thatyour
you get the
teeth
together
and brush
it up and
down,
andyou've
down.done
Thenthat
if for
toothpaste
all over
your mouth.
And
thenup
once
you
want
brush your
it. Andout.
it's then
put get
some
about
twotominutes,
youtongue,
spit thebrush
toothpaste
And you
some
water
spit
it out.
Then
get
your
brush
and
if there's paste,
water,and
rinse
your
mouth
out
and
clean
your
toothbrush.
And you
then
take
out.so
Then
healthy, you
it's helpful
anddentist,
it will keep
your
should
doitthat
thatit's
whenever
go to the
you don't
teeth
have clean.
cavities, and so that your teeth stay healthy.
•• Repetitive
Repetitiveuse
useof
ofadverbial
adverbialclauses
clauses
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
You need to get your toothbrush, put some paste and put a little bit
of water. And you go up and down with your toothbrush in the
teeth.
Then right
to left. AndSophistication
then you clean your
toothbrush and
Controlled
Sentence
(EO/P):
you take your tongue out and brush your tongue. Then you clean
The toothbrush
reason you and
brush
your
teeth you
is that
you
getyou
cavities,
your
put
it where
putifit.
Then
washthen
your
you may
have
to go
tothat's
the dentist
andclean
take itit.out.
you do,
mouth
three
times
and
how you
ThenAnd
youif need
to
then itit'll
really hurt
when
yougerms
do it. after
And how
your germs
clean
because
there's
some
you you
eat. brush
And those
teethyour
is you
get ugly
a toothbrush
And you
get
the bad.
make
teeth
and whenand
youtoothpaste.
talk to someone,
you
smell
toothbrush
wet
youyour
putteeth
toothpaste
on it. aAnd
you
Then
you need
toand
brush
three times
day:
in scrub
the
your teeth.
you and
washatyour
mouth
out
with
water.
morning,
andThen
afterafter,
you eat,
night.
That's
why
you
need to
brush your teeth.
• Use of a variety of complex clause structures (adverbial,
• complementizer)
Use of a variety of complex clause structures (adverbial, relative,
object complement)
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
• Along the progression, children’s explanations displayed an increase in the
use and variety of sentence structures. Explanations ranged from one-word
responses and sentence fragments to simple sentence constructions to more
compound and complex constructions. Complex sentences included clause
embedding (dependent clauses).
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EL):
No Evidence of Sentence Sophistication
(EL):
By counting them like I did or just by
estimating. Or counting by twos or fives or
tens.
[And why does using the cubes that way
help him?]
Counting more faster and easier.
Stack them in. You could do it by finding a
red one and a yellow one.
[And can you tell her why this way helps
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
her?]
To give her the answer.
Use the cubes by taking the number that
first and adding more. Like ten plus ten, you
•Simple sentences
add ten. You put ten cubes. Then you add
•Sentence fragment
ten more.
He should put it by putting together and
Developing
Sentence
Sophistication
then counting
because
it'll take
a long time
for you(EO/P):
just to go like to put it, to take it off,
then put it like that.
When you use the cubes, it might be easier
for you
to count
them by twos
because it
•Complex
sentence
– adverbial
phrase
takes less time. And they're even numbers,
and for me it's easier to count with even
numbers.
•Compound sentences – coordinating
conjunctions
•Complex sentences – adverbial phrases
I'll tell him that you have fifty cubes and
you have white, red, blue green or yellow.
You can put it together so they can be
easier to be. And then you can put just one
Sentence
part. SoControlled
then if they’re
tens, Sophistication
then you can
(EO/P):
count by
tens. Ten, twenty, thirty, forty,
fifty.
To count the cubes, since fifty is an even
number,
you can
stack
each cube on top
•Variety
of complex
clause
structures
of each
other
like this. And count by twos
(adverbial,
object
complement)
until you
get an answer.
And you can
•Compound
sentences
– coordinating
count by counting multiple cubes at once
conjunctions
and counting them.
[Can you tell him why this way helps?]
Because since counting by a number that
ends with the same answer, it can be
faster and more efficient.
•Variety of complex clause structures
(adverbial, relative)
•Simple sentences
•Sentence fragments
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
No Evidence of Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
By counting them like I did or just by estimating. Or
counting by twos or fives or tens.
[And why does using the cubes that way help him?]
Counting more faster and easier.
• Use of sentence fragments
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Stack them in. You could do it by finding a red one
and
yellow
Useathe
cubesone.
by taking the number that first and adding
more.
Likeyou
tentell
plusher
ten,why
you this
add ten.
put her?]
ten cubes.
[And
can
wayYou
helps
more.
ToThen
giveyou
heradd
theten
answer.
Useof
of simple
simple sentences
• •Use
sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
He should put it by putting together and then counting
When you use the cubes, it might be easier for you to count
because
take
a long
time less
for time.
you just
go like
to
them byit'll
twos
because
it takes
Andto
they're
even
put
it, to take
put ittolike
that.
numbers,
and it
foroff,
methen
it's easier
count
with even numbers.
• •Use
of adverbial
clause
Repetitive
use of
adverbial clauses
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
To count the cubes, since fifty is an even number, you can stack
I'll
tell
himonthat
have
fifty
cubes
andcount
you have
each
cube
top you
of each
other
like
this. And
by twos
white,
greenAnd
or yellow.
You can
put it
until youred,
get blue,
an answer.
you can count
by counting
multiple
at once
counting
togethercubes
so they
canand
be easier
tothem.
be. And then you can
[Can
you one
tell him
why
way
put just
part.
Sothis
then
if helps?]
they’re tens, then you can
Because
by a number
ends
with the same
count bysince
tens.counting
Ten, twenty,
thirty,that
forty,
fifty.
answer, it can be faster and more efficient.
•• Use
ofaavariety
variety
complex
clause
structures
Use of
ofof
complex
clause
structures
(adverbial,
(relative,
relative) adverbial)
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
• Along the progression, children’s explanations displayed an increase in the
use and variety of sentence structures. Explanations ranged from one-word
responses and sentence fragments to simple sentence constructions to more
compound and complex constructions. Complex sentences included clause
embedding (dependent clauses).
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Controlled Sentence Structure (EL):
You should clean your teeth because it's
Controlled
(EO/P):
important
that youSentence
don't getStructure
cavities. You
Developing Sentence Structure (EL):
Emerging Sentence Structure (EL):
Because his teeth need to be clean. And
the bottom too and his tongue. And he
needs to clean in the sides. And then he
Emerging
Sentence
Structure
(EO/P):
needs to
brush them
every day.
Then he
has to clean the other side.
Get a toothbrush. Wash it and then put
it and brush.
Nothing else.
Use of toothpaste
simple andon
compound
sentences
Canclauses
you tell him why to do it?
No useResearcher:
of dependent
To make your teeth healthy.
She should do it because cause if you don't
Developing
Sentence
(EO/P):
brush your
teeth, you
still willStructure
get a lot of
cavities. And how do you do it? You do it up
He should
do it because you want to have
and down
and sideways.
clean teeth. And if he doesn't know how
brushand
his complex
teeth, then
teach him because
Use of to
simple
sentences
you won't know how to brush your teeth.
And that's all.
[Now can you tell him how to do it,
because he doesn't know how?]
You have to brush your teeth with a
toothbrush. And you could brush your
teeth because you could lose your tooth.
use toothpaste first, and then you clean
You properly.
should do it because it keeps your teeth
your teeth
clean. And if you don't brush them, it will
make your
teeth
rot away. and your teeth
Uses complex
clause
structures
are compound
part of yoursentences
skeleton, which
imple and
are makes your
body hold together. If you don't have your
controlled
skeleton, you would be a blob.
[Can you explain to your friend how to
clean her teeth?]
You take your toothbrush and put some
toothpaste on it. And then you put it in your
mouth and brush. If it's electric, you push
the on button and then brush. The way you
brush is you open your mouth and then you
go like this and smile. And then you open
and do it again like that and make sure to
get the back.
[ Anything else?]
But if you have a loose tooth, you need to
brush that one extra well or a grown up
tooth.
Use of a variety of complex clause
structures
Uses complex clause structures
Repetitive use of relative clauses
Use of simple sentences and compound
sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
N/A
Personal routine
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Emerging
EmergingSentence
SentenceSophistication
Sophistication(EO/P):
(EL):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
You
your
Then
Firstfirst
youwash
have to
get toothbrush.
your brush and
thenyou
put put
it ontoothpaste
your
on
the toothbrush.
ThenAnd
youthen
brush
mouth.
And then youThen
haveyou
to dorinse.
the thing.
youyour
have
to clean
it good. And
when
haveand
a lot
of top.
whiteThen
thing.
teeth
by brushing
thethen
back,
theyou
front
the
Andscrub
then you
have
to open
the sink
then
puttoothbrush
some water.
also
your
tongue.
Then
youand
clean
your
Andrinse
then your
put it mouth
on your three
mouthor
and
then
spit it out. And then
and
four
times.
do it again and spit it out.
[And
can you tell her why she should do it?]
[Can you tell him why he should do it?]
OrForyour
teeth will get dirty and you won't be able to eat
they could get clean.
stuff.
•
Use of simple sentences
• Use of simple sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
First you have to get a toothbrush. Then you put toothpaste on
toothpaste
onitthe
you brush
it.You
Andput
then
next you spit
out.toothbrush.
Then you getAnd
yourthen
mouthwash.
And
then
youteeth
spit itfor
outaand
then
have
toothpick.
take and
it on
your
little
bit.you
And
then
you spitYou
it out,
allthen
the food
that you
haveWell,
in yoursome
mouth
inside don't,
your teeth.
And
get some
water.
people
but you
then
you're
could
get done.
some water, so you can get all of it out. And
[And did you tell her why she should do it?]
then you should do it because then your teeth will look
You should do it because you don't want your teeth to be all
good and your breath won't smell bad.
nasty and all that stuff.
Useofof
adverbial
clause
• • Use
adverbial
clause
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
First, if you want to have nice teeth that look white and don't look brownish
and have
food stuck
teeth,
to get
toothpaste,
mouthwash
Well,
I would
kind to
of your
show
himyou
thehave
motion
that
you're supposed
and a toothbrush. And so when you have a toothbrush, you put toothpaste on
to do. And just explain like I explained right now how to do it,
it and you start washing your teeth in circles. Then after that, you spit the
except
I would
try to
add
And
would
tell
water out.
Whenprobably
you put water,
you
spitmore
it out.details.
After, you
getI the
mouthwash
him
always
usespit
toothpaste,
youbrush
don'tyour
useteeth. Hopefully
and scrub
andtothen
it out. And because
that's howifyou
toothpaste,
you brush yourthere's
teeth. no point. And I would tell him that you want
[Okay
andyour
can you
tell because
your friend
why
she should
do get
it?] cavities. And
to
brush
teeth
you
don't
want to
You
should
dobrush
this because
you don't
wanna
nasty
teethreally
or you don't
if
you
don't
your teeth,
then
yourhave
breath
smells
want your breath to stink. And you don't want your teeth to be ugly and look
bad.
like you don't have a house or anything like that.
••
Not (yet) evident
Use
ofaavariety
variety
complex
clause
structures
(relative,
Use of
of of
complex
clause
structures
(adverbial,
relative,
adverbial)
complementizer)
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
• Along the progression, children’s explanations displayed an increase in the
use and variety of sentence structures. Explanations ranged from one-word
responses and sentence fragments to simple sentence constructions to more
compound and complex constructions. Complex sentences included clause
embedding (dependent clauses).
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EL):
She had to count by order by putting them.
And then she sticks them together and she
counts them.
Researcher: And why does using the cubes
Emerging
Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
this way
help her?
So she could count very good.
Because you could count them to help you
out. You can count them in your
Use offigure
simpleit sentences
brain. Put them this way. You could count
them from your fingers.
Because if you want to make them in two
lines, you could count them like this: one,
two, three, four, five, six. And then you
can write the numbers on your paper or
Sentence Sophistication
your Developing
mom's paper.
(EO/P):
Use of simple sentences accurately
you stack
them up,with
youinfinite
can count them.
UsesAs
complex
sentences
formsIt's easy. It helps me count a lot when I stack
them up.
Attempts to use sentences with complex
clause structures
You need
to use the
cubes toSophistication
put them in
Controlled
Sentence
line and
then count them before you put
(EO/P):
them in
line.the
Andcubes
then this
you way
put them
initline
Using
makes
easier
and then
you start
themwere
morealland
to count.
Saypiling
that they
spread
more and
more
until
findlike
out.
apart.
If you
layyou
them
this, one, two,
Researcher:
Tell
him
why
using
the
cubes
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, it won't
this way
helps
him?
Because
you will
learn
quite
work.
But
if you have
them
stacked
and know
whatfour,
is like
three
one,already
two, three,
five,
six, plus
it'll be
three or
if you
them
in line,
easier
toput
count
them
all. you
already
know
that
there
are
six
in
all.
[Okay. Can you tell her uh how to do it?]
Let's say you had a bunch of cubes like
Uses different
of complex
clause
this. Taketypes
two cubes
and just
press them
structures
together. Take another cube. Press it
Showstogether.
control ofTake
simple
and compound
another
cube. Press it
sentences
together. Take another cube. Press it
together. Take another cube. Press it
together. And take another cube and
press it together. That's how you would
do it until you have all of them stacked
together.
Use of a variety of complex clause
structures (adverbial clauses)
Simple and compound sentences are
controlled
Use of simple sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
N/A
Academic task
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Emerging Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
Maybe you could stack them like this together. So
you could put 10 cubes on each one, like 10, and you
could count 10, 20, 30, 40, 50.
[And why using the cubes this way helps her?]
Because it will be much easier than counting all of
them.
•
Not (yet) evident
Use of simple sentences
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Developing Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
He could use the cubes by tens or twenties. And
So I like doing it this way because it's very easy. And and
twenties is much more easier because it's longer and
there are light and some are dark. I could do the light ones
you
space.
anduse
thenless
do the
dark ones. And what was the other
[Anything
question? else? What were you gonna say? Go
ahead.]
[How you find out how many cubes there are.]
So
it could
beone
much
easier
using tens
twenties.
I count
them
by one
and by
sometimes
I seeorlike
a
pattern, like going by tens sometimes, and then I go by
threes. And that's it.
•twos
Useand
of sometimes
adverbial by
clause
•
Not (yet) evident
Use of adverbial clause
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Sentence Structure
Controlled Sentence Sophistication (EO/P):
Controlled
Sentence Sophistication (EL):
It helped me because I go faster and was counting. And it might
Academic task
EL
EO/P
help you because you might also go fast. So I suggest you use that
First
I willI did.
put them in tens. Then I will tell her why
way that
can youtotell
howIt's
to do
it?] because it's faster
is[And
it easier
dohim
this.
easier
first way
did was connecting them in one big line, and then I
toThe
count
by Itens.
separated them into a bunch of lines. And then I figured that
wouldn't be very fast. So I decided to count the rest.
• Use of a variety of complex clause structures
adverbial)
• (complementizer,
Use of a variety of complex
clause structures (adverbial,
complementizers, relative)
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California