Chapter 7
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During the French and Indian War, France
transferred Louisiana to Spain. This was done with
the secret Treaty of Fountainbleu.
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France needed money and military aid from Spain.
To repay Spain, France gave them Louisiana west of
the Mississippi and the “Isle of New Orleans”
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The arrangement was hidden from Great Britain so
Great Britain wouldn’t be able to gain the colony
after they won the French and Indian War.
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The new colony would be very expensive for
Spain to operate.
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The military expense alone would be huge;
keeping a soldier in Louisiana cost five times
as much as in Spain.
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Even though it was expensive, Spain really
wanted to keep the Louisiana colony to act as
a buffer between Great Britain and Mexico.
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Create a 3-5 sentence paragraph explain why
Spain wanted the colony.
1. TTQA
2. Correct Answer
3. In your own word
4. Supporting Evidence
5. Academic Language
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How did Spain gain control of the Louisiana
colony?
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What is the cost and benefit for Spain
keeping the Louisiana colony?
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Acadians
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The French and Indian War also brought new
colonist to Louisiana.
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The Acadians were exiles from French Acadia
when it became controlled by the British.
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The Acadians were peasants who had come
from France to Acadia, Canada.
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The land, their families, and their Catholic
faith defined their lives.
Early in the French and
Indian War, a British
officer claimed the
Acadians were enemies
because they refused to
take an oath of allegiance
to the Protestant British
king.
As a result, the British
evicted the Acadians from
their land.
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They were sent to the British colonies to
“learn to become good British subjects”
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After this failed, they began making their war
to Louisiana.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
TTQA
Correct Answer
In your own word
Supporting Evidence
Academic Language
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Read page 213 “The Secret Transfer”
Answer the following question:
How did the people in the colony react when
they finally learned of the transfer to Spain?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
TTQA
Correct Answer
In your own word
Supporting Evidence
Academic Language
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The Spanish Government sent Antonio de
Ulloa to Louisiana as its governor. Ulloa was a
high-ranking navel officer with experience in
other Spanish colonies.
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Unfortunately, he was not a forceful leader.
His quiet manner and low-key style were not
effective with these people who did not
accept his authority.
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He arrived in New Orleans with 75 soldiers
and one ship. The small number of soldiers
made a poor showing of strength.
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When he arrived he didn’t formally transfer
the colony to Spain. Instead of taking official
control, he worked with the French officials
to conduct the business of the colony.
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This was confusing to the colonist.
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Positives:
 Improved colonists’ safety by touring and inspecting
the forts.
 He communicated with the nearby British governor to
have positive connection.
 He sought a good relationship with the Indians
bringing them gifts.
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Negatives:
 Limiting the colony’s trade to only Spanish ports
 Ulloa held a private wedding and did not invite the
colonist.
 He also did not host social events as the previous
governors had.
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The colonist were afraid that with the
transfer of the colony to Spain, Spanish
culture would be forced upon them.
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The colonists still considered the colony
French because they did not accept the
authority of Ulloa.
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On October 28, 1768, an armed mob had
gathered in New Orleans. All of the colonist
were represented by the mob.
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The Germans wanted to be paid for the
produce purchased from their farms
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The Acadians came because Ulloa had forced
them to settle near natchez instead of near
their relatives in St. Gabriel.
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Ulloa could do nothing to stop the rebellion. He
had already sent nearly all of the soldiers out to
the frontier forts leaving only 10 soldiers in New
Orleans.
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Ulloa took his family and fled from New Orleans.
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The colonist sent a lengthy explanation to the
French King begging him to return the colony to
the French family. The king ignored their request.
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When Ulloa reached Havana, he sent a report of
the rebellion to Spain. The Spanish considered
the colonists’ actions to be treason .
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Spain sent a new governor. Alejandro O’Reilly, a
strong and forceful military leader. He was
known as a hero after once saving the king from
a mob.
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O’Reilly only with 3,000 soldiers and 24 ships
were sent to enforce the king’s orders.
(population of New Orleans less than 4,000)
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When O’Reilly arrived at the fort south of New
Orleans, the ringleaders of the rebellion rushed to tell
him their side of the story. They said they were
rebelling against Spain. They just opposed Ulloa.
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O’Reilly politely listened to their complaints and the
colonist returned to New Orleans thinking everything
was okay.
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When O’Reilly arrived in New Orleans, he paraded his
troops in Place d’Armes while cannons fired. The
Spanish officials hosted a formal ceremony in the
church.
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O’Reilly made sure the colonists knew the
Louisiana was a Spanish colony and must
conduct itself as itself properly.
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After placing the leaders of the rebellion on trial,
they were sentenced to death. Others were sent
to prison. This earned him the nickname “Bloody
O’Reilly”
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He required all colonists to take an oath of
allegiance to Spain. Anyone not willing to take
the oath had to leave the colony.
Governor Ulloa
Governor O’Reilly
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O’Reilly was also charged with removing French
power and French law from the now-Spanish
colony. He organized the government and
military according to the Spanish policies.
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O’Reilly used the Spanish colonial law as the
model for Louisiana. He replaced the French
Superior Council with the Spanish Cabildo.
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Cabildo – the governing body of Spanish
Louisiana, made legal decisions, set policy for
the colony, and advised the governor.
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O’Reilly intended to stop British smugglers
who were illegally trading across the bayou.
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Because prices for food were so high, O’Reilly
set the prices that merchants could charge so
colonist could afford to buy the Spanish
goods being imported.
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He also made changed to the French slave
laws, abolishing Indian slavery.
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O’Reilly also ordered a census (official
population count) to provide detailed
information to Spain.
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An official surveyor was appointed to measure
and mark off boundary lines to establish land
ownership.
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Then O’Reilly, after doing his job to get order in
the colony, returned to Spain handing the colony
over to it’s next governor.
Read page 218 “Louisiana under Unzaga”
Discuss with your team how Unzaga handled trade.
Create a written response to the following question:
How did Unzaga handle trade?
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E2CNZI
lVIg
Read page 219 “Islenos”
Discuss with your team why the Islenos came
to Louisiana
Create a written response answering the
following question:
Why did Spain send the Islenos to Louisiana?
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Tensions between Great Britain and the
American colonies continue to build.
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Spain was glad to see its old enemy Great Britain
in trouble. The Spanish secretly supported the
Americans with supplies from New Orleans.
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Realizing Spain was nearing war, a governor with
a strong military background was needed.
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In 1777, Spain named Bernardo de Galvez the
next colonial governor of Louisiana.
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Spain was officially neutral in regards to the
American Revolution but Galvez continued to
aid the Americans secretly.
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Guns, gunpowder, medicine, and cloth were
sent to the Americans.
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Spain entered the war in 1779 as allies with
France.
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Galvez receives orders to force the British from
the Mississippi River, Mobile, and Pensacola.
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He went on the offensive. He wanted to weaken
the British before they could seize New Orleans
and access to the Mississippi River
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Galvez organized a force of Spanish soldiers
and local militia (citizen soldiers). Men
between the ages of 16-65 were required to
serve in the militia.
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Galvez left New Orleans with almost 1500
men and marched over 100 miles to Fort Bite
at Manchac. There he captured the British
fort.
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From there, Galvez took his men upriver to
the British fort at New Richmond. (located at
present day Baton Rouge)
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Galvez seized the fort. Additionally, the
British commander also surrendered Fort
Panmure at Natchez.
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Galvez had captured all the British forts along
the Mississippi in the British West Florida.
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Next Galvez set his eyes 0n Pensacola, the
capital of British West Florida. But in order to
take Pensacola, Galvez would have to seize
the fort at Mobile.
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Galvez knew this would come one day. So he
sent a Spanish officer to discuss runaway
slaves. But he was actually there to spy on
the fort in Pensacola and Mobile
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Hurricanes delayed Galvez on his march to
Mobile.
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After reorganizing his ships, supplies, and
troops he captured Mobile.
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Galvez is delayed by a 3rd hurricane.
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After reorganizing again, Galvez victoriously
seized the fort at Pensacola.
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Losing these forts and access
to the Gulf of Mexico kept the
British from making further
attacks in the southwest.
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For his victory and bravery,
the king of Spain honored
Galvez with a royal title.
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The United States also honor
Galvez with a statue in the
nation’s capital.
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When the war ended, Spain was rewarded
with much of the territory it wanted in the
Treaty of Paris of 1783.
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Florida became Spanish again. Spain
currently held the most territory in the
Americas.
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After the American
Revolution, Galvez got
promoted to another
assignment. A new
governor was sent to
Louisiana.
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Esteban Rodriguez Miro
became the governor of
Louisiana from 1785-1791.
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Miro faced major problems with the Native
Americans. He worked hard to continue trade
with the Native Americans.
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Miro feared the Americans would start moving
closer to Spanish Florida and Louisiana.
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The Spanish allowed the Americans to come to
Louisiana but expected them to be loyal to
Spain. If the Americans took an oath of
allegiance, they were given a Spanish land grant.
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He decided to organize the Americans
settling in the colony so they were mixed with
the established colonist.
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He also requested Irish priest to come to the
colony. The Irish priest spoke English and
Miro hoped they would encourage the
Americans to become proper Catholics.
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Miro faced another crisis in New Orleans. In 1788, a
fire destroyed 856 homes and left 1,000 people
homeless.
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The fire also destroyed the food storage. Without the
food supply, the colony was facing a potential famine.
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The Cabildo, the prison, and the police station were
burned.
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Even though these buildings were rebuilt, their was a
second fire in 1794 that destroyed many of the same
buildings.
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Miro’s handling of the fires and the
willingness of Spain to loosen trade laws
improved life in the colony.
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The population increased and new
settlements were established.
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Discuss 3 challenges faced by Governor Miro
Create a written response:
What three challenges did Governor Miro face?
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1. TTQA
2. Correct Answer
3. In your own word
4. Supporting Evidence
5. Academic Language
Read: “Growth” on page 228.
Discuss: How did Governor Carondelet handle
trade?
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Create a written response:
How did Governor Carondelet handle trade?
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1. TTQA
2. Correct Answer
3. In your own word
4. Supporting Evidence
5. Academic Language
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https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worl
dhistory/frenchrevolution/
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After French King Louis XVI was beheaded,
Spain’s King Carlos IV could no longer ignore
the threat of the French Revolution. In 1793,
Spain declared war on France.
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Talk about the French Revolution captured the interest
of the people of Louisiana.
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The French heritage of many colonists connected them
to the people of France. They were also attracted to the
ideas of freedom because they had lived far from a king
for several generations.
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The increasing interest in the French Revolution brought
action from the Spanish governor. Governor Carondelet
sought support from Indian tribes incase colonist
rebelled.
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He established a police force and added street lights
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In France, the situation became more violent
and the “Reign of Terror” began. Those who
were loyal to the king were in constant
danger of being beheaded. Many of those
people escaped France and fled to Louisiana.
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They settled in New Orleans, St. Martinville,
and New Iberia.
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Read “Boundary Disputes” on page 229.
 Discuss with your team the results of
Pinckney’s Treaty.
Create a written response to:
What was the result of Pinckney’s Treaty?
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1. TTQA
2. Correct Answer
3. In your own words
4. Supporting Evidence
5. Academic Language
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Even though Louisiana was a Spanish colony,
the culture of Louisiana was still French.
People still spoke French. The first newspaper
was printed in French. The dancing and wine
were French.
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The Spanish priest were offended and
complained because the colonist
disrespected the church regulations. They
often did not attend church services.
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The colony’s economy began
to improve when sugar cane
became a profitable crop.
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Etienne de Bore was the first
successful sugar producer.
He improved an
experimental process and
manufactured a good quality
sugar.
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Other experienced sugar
planters moved into Louisiana
from Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
after the slave rebellion there.
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Because of the slave rebellion,
many planters in Louisiana
were afraid slaves would rebel
against them. As a result,
Carondelet stopped the
importation of slaves for a
while.
Louisiana continued to cost Spain more than it
made them. As a result, Spain is going to
secretly return Louisiana back to France for a
brief period.
Later they would become Americans
Again, the colonist knew nothing of the coming
changes.