THE GEISA 2008 EDITION : PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION FOR PLANETARY ATMOSPHERE STUDIES
N. Jacquinet-Husson (1), V. Capelle (1), L. Crépeau (1), N.A. Scott (1), R. Armante (1), A. Chédin (1), A. Coustenis (2)
(1). Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
(2). Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Meudon, Meudon, France
http://ara.lmd.polytechnique.fr
GEISA: Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmosphériques ; Management and Study of Atmospheric Spectroscopic Information
THE GEISA SYSTEM: Three SUB-DATABASES and ASSOCIATED MANAGEMENT SOFTWARES
(For each sub-database)
GENERAL CONTEXT
The ARA (Atmospheric Radiation Analysis) group at LMD has been engaged,
during the past three decades, in the development of GEISA, a computer-accessible
spectroscopic database, designed to facilitate accurate and fast forward calculations
of atmospheric radiative transfer using a line-by-line and (atmospheric) layer-by-layer
approach.
The performance of the second generation vertical sounding, high-resolution, sophisticated
infrared spectroscopic instruments, such as AIRS (http://www.airs.jpl.nasa.gov/) in the USA
and IASI (http://earth-ciences.cnes.fr/IASI/) in Europe, will highly depend on the accuracy
in the spectroscopic parameters of the optically active atmospheric gases, since suchdata
constitute an essential input in the forward models that are used to interpret the recorded
spectral radiances.
LINE TRANSITION PARAMETERS SUB-DATABASE
INFRARED cross-sections sub-database
 Major Permanent constituents of EARTH’s atmosphere : O2,H2O,CO2 …
 Molecules in atmospheres of JUPITER, SATURN, URANUS,TITAN etc.:
C2H6, CH3D, C2H2, C2H4, GeH4, HCN,
C3H8, C3H4 …
 Trace molecules in the EARTH’s atmosphere :
The GEISA spectroscopic database in the ARA/LMD
tools
AEROSOL SUB-DATABASE
•Spectroscopy
•Forward model
GEISA
CROSS-SECTION SUB-DATABASE
NO, SO2,NO2,NH3, HNO3, OH,HF, HCl, HBr, HI, ClO, OCS, H2CO,
PH3 …
 Minor permanent constituents of the EARTH’s atmosphere :
O3,CH4,N2O,CO …
C2F6
Perfluoroethane
C3H8
Propane
C2H6
ethane
C2H2
acetylene
C2H4
ethene
SF5CF3
trifluoromethyl sulfur
pentafluoride
CHF2CH2F (HFC-143), SF5CF3,
C4F8, HNO4, HCH-365mfc
•Inverse model
Spectroscopic
database
•Educated database dedicated to one particular application
(TOVS, AIRS, IASI, Radiative budget …)
3I
Improved
Initialization
Inversion
STRANSAC
Line-by-line
Forward Model
Data on microphysical and optical properties of basic aerosol
components.
4 sub-databases included:
Neural Network
Learning
(Inverse mode)
Faster 30/400 times
TIGR
2300 selected Atmospheric
Profiles (T,H2O,O3 …)
Precomputed BT, Trans.,
JACOBIANS
Radiative flux
4A
Automatized
Atmospheric
Absorption
Atlas
ECMWF
Radiative
code
3R
Rapid Radiance
Recognition
Neural Network
Learning
(forward mode)
Faster 3000/40000 times
ICSA-2007
Marseille 5-6 Juin 2007
EVOLUTION GEISA SINCE 1978
REFRACTIVE INDICES OF BASIC AEROSOL COMPONENTS:






Water ice
Acids
Water droplets
Water soluble components
Thin films
Solid Substances
ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS FROM LITMS (Rublev, 1994)
SOFTWARE PACKAGE AND DATABASE OPAC (Hess et al., 1998)
(Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds)
GLOBAL AEROSOL DATA SET: GADS (Köpke et al., 1997)
Mol.
Spectral Range/ Band Id.
------------------------------------------------GEISA-03
GEISA-08 update
===================================================
H2O
0.007- 25232.004 cm-1
500- 8000 cm-1
CO2
436.123- 9648.007 cm-1
4000-9000
cm-1
O3
0.026- 4060.783 cm-1
1613- 4845 cm-1
6000- 7000 cm-1
N2O
0.838- 5131.249 cm-1
525- 10175 cm-1
CO
CH4
3.414- 8464.882 cm-1
0.010- 9199.285 cm-1
cm-1
O2
NO
SO2
NO2
NH3
PH3
0.000- 15927.806
0.000- 9273.214 cm-1
0.017- 4092.948 cm-1
0.498- 3074.366 cm-1
0.058- 5294.502 cm-1
17.805- 2478.765 cm-1
HNO3
0.035- 1769.982 cm-1

750- 1350 cm-1
2850- 3150 cm-1
4800- 9200 cm-1
0.7 μm region

1011- 1410 cm-1
2780- 2940 cm-1

770-3601 cm-1
0.005- 35877.031 cm-1
41.111- 11535.570 cm-1
20.240- 13457.841 cm-1
16.232- 9758.565 cm-1
12.509- 8487.305 cm-1
0.015- 1207.639 cm-1
0.381- 4118.004 cm-1
0.000- 2998.527 cm-1
C2H6
725.603- 2977.926 cm-1
CH3D
7.760- 3306.810 cm-1
C2H2
604.774- 3374.223 cm-1
GEISA DISTRIBUTION
Spectral Range/ Band Id.
-------------------------------------------------GEISA-03
GEISA-08 update
==================================================
C2H4
701.203- 3242.172 cm-1
1380- 1509 cm-1
GeH4
HCN
C3H8
C2N2
1937.371- 2224.570 cm-1
2.870- 18407.973 cm-1
700.015- 799.930 cm-1
203.955- 2181.690 cm-1
C4H2
190.588- 654.425 cm-1
Sub-millimeter







1.573 µm
12 µm region
3250-3700 cm-1
199.1 - 244.0 cm-1
605.5 - 651.4 cm-1
GEISA-03 UV/VIS cross-sections sub-database
Spectral range 230 – 1333 nm
16 µm (Ʋ5)
20µm (Ʋ6)
HOCl
0.024- 3799.249 cm-1
3- 309 cm-1
-1
N2
1992.628- 2625.497 cm
4.3 μm
-1
CH3Cl
674.143- 3161.830 cm
650- 2650 cm-1
H2O2
0.043- 1499.487 cm-1
0.043- 1730 cm-1
H2S
2.985- 4098.234 cm-1

HCOOH
1060.962- 1161.251 cm-1
10- 100 cm-1
940- 1244 cm-1
-1
COF2
725.006- 2001.348 cm

SF6
940.425- 952.238 cm-1
Ʋ3, Ʋ4, Ʋ4+Ʋ6-Ʋ6
C3H4
290.274- 359.995 cm-1
290- 360 cm-1
592- 673 cm-1
HO2
0.173- 3675.819 cm-1

-1
ClONO2
763.641- 790.805 cm
500- 1330 cm-1
=====================================================
New Molecular Species (non exhaustive list)
=====================================================
CH3Br
16 µm
CH3OH
0.02 - 33 cm-1
10 µm region
NO+
HNC
C6H6
C2HD
1635- 2530 cm-1
0.22- 12594 cm-1
642 –705 cm-1
451 - 580 cm-1
600 - 760 cm-1
2.5 µm and 3.8 µm
1.5 µm region
0.83 µm region
11 molecular species ; 180 T,P sets
ARCHIVED SPECTROSCOPIC
LINE PARAMETERS
30 Parameters 255 Character records
Reference Temperature 296 K
Parameter ID
Meaning, Units
Courtesy of J. Orphal
 No update
REMAINING SPECTROSCOPY RELATED PROBLEMS

14 µm (Ʋ2; 2Ʋ2-Ʋ2)

203.872 - 266.320 cm-1
474.293- 690.860 cm-1
HC3N
Ʋ5-Ʋ9
2Ʋ9-Ʋ9
Ʋ5 ; 2Ʋ9
(Ʋ8+Ʋ9) ; (Ʋ6+Ʋ7)
OH
HF
HCl
HBr
HI
ClO
OCS
H2CO
Mol.
2200-7000 cm-1
CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-13, CFC-14, HCFC-22, HFC-32,
CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, HCFC-123, HCFC-124, HFC-125,
HFC-134, HFC-134a, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b,
HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HCFC-225ca, HCFC-225cb,
N2O5, SF6, ClONO2, CCl4
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
I
J
(cm-1)
Wavenumber
of the line
Intensity of the line in (cm-1/(molecule.cm-2)
Air broadening pressure halfwidth (HWHM)(*) (cm-1atm-1)
Energy of the lower transition level (cm-1)
Transition quantum identifications for the lower and upper state of the transition
Temperature dependence coefficient n of the air broadening HWHM
Identification code for isotope as in GEISA
Identification code for molecule as in GEISA
Internal GEISA code for the data identification
53 co-authors- 24 Institutions
(For inter-compatibility with HITRAN-04 format)
FROM CONCLUSIONS OF VALIDATION WITH THE 4A-00/LMD MODEL
FOR IASI RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELLING
The water vapour spectroscopic parameters: still need to be validated
The water vapour continuum: more tuning to be done when more validation data
(especially with high water vapor content) become available
The freons bands at 850 and 920 cm-1: refine the temperature dependence
O3 in the 9.6 μm region: the spectroscopic parameters still need to be validated
Some CO2 – Q,P and R branches: further improvement/tuning of the line mixing
NEEDS IN SPACE STUDIES OF OUTER PLANETS AND TITAN
(Courtesy of Athena Coustenis and Bruno Bézard)
Hydrocarbons:
CH4 in the near-infrared region (from 0.8 to 5 μm) both from theory and laboratory measurements
C6H2: (at 642 cm-1) this band is being studied by Jolly and Bénilan
C2H6: need of the spectroscopic parameters for the 1400-1500 cm-1 band (observed on Jupiter & Titan)
GEISA implemented on the Ether (CNRS/CNES) Products
and Services Centre (CPS)
http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr
Also:
for molecules heavier than C2H6 (like C6H2, HC5N, there’s still few data)
C3H8: needs in all bands except at 748 cm-1 , in particular the one at 1150 cm-1
C3H4 (allene)
C6H6 benzene
C4H2 : for the band at 628 cm-1 it would require a global analysis (like the one for HC3N and C4N2) to
identify all the hot bands (some work is being done by Bénilan and Jolly, based on a re-analysis of data by Arié)
K Molecule number
L Isotope number (1=most abundant. 2= second…etc)
M Einstein A-coefficient (s-1)
N Self broadening pressure HWHM (cm-1atm-1) (for water)
O Air pressure shift of the line transition (cm-1atm-1)
P Accuracy indices for frequency, intensity and halfwidth
Q Indices for lookup of references for frequency, intensity and halfwidth
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
to
R
A’
B’
C’
F’
Temperature dependence coefficient n of the air pressure shift
Estimated accuracy (cm-1) on the line position
Estimated accuracy on the intensity of the line in (cm-1/(molecule.cm-2)
Estimated accuracy on the air collision HWHM (cm-1atm-1)
Estimated accuracy on the temperature dependence coefficient n of the air broadening
HWHM
O’ Estimated accuracy on the air pressure shift of the line transition (cm-1atm-1)
R’ Estimated accuracy on the temperature dependence coefficient n of the air pressure
shift
N’
S
S’
T
T’
U
U’
(Especially dedicated to Water Molecule)
Estimated accuracy on the self broadened HWHM (cm-1atm-1)
Temperature dependence coefficient n of the self broadening HWHM
Estimated accuracy on the temperature dependence coefficient n of the self- broadening
HWHM
Self pressure shift of the line transition (cm-1atm-1)
Estimated accuracy on the self pressure shift of the line transition (cm-1atm-1)
Temperature dependence coefficient n of the self pressure shift
Estimated accuracy on the temperature dependence coefficient n of the self pressure shift
=====================================
(*) HWHM: line half-width at half-maximum
CNES, CNRS/INSU and EUMETSAT
for their Encouragements and Supports