Development
Unit 9
Developmental Research
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Nature vs. Nurture
Continuity vs. Stages
Stability vs. Change
Periods of Development
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Infancy: 0-24 months
Early Childhood: 2-5 years
Middle Childhood: 6-8 years
Late Childhood: 9-11
Adolescence: 11ish – 20ish
Early Adulthood: 20s-30s
Middle Adulthood: 40s-65ish
Late Adulthood: 65+
Infancy
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Physical Development
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Reflexes
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Grasping
Babinski
Rooting
Sucking
Maturation
Developmental Norms
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sequence
Jean Piaget
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IQ Tests
Schema
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Assimilation
Accommodation
Piaget
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Stages of Cognitive
Development
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Sensorimotor
 0-2
 Object Permanence
Preoperational
 2-7
 Animism/personification
 Egocentric
 Lacks Conservation and
Reversibility
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Concrete Operational
 7-11
 Gains Conservation and
Reversibility
Formal Operational
 12+
Sensorimotor stage video
Preoperational Stage video
Egocentrism video
Concrete Operational Stage video
Formal Operational video
Development Jigsaw
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1= Lev Vygotsky (Social Dev./Piaget)
2= Lev Vygotsky (Zone of Proximal Development)
3= Thomas and Chess
4= Stages of Attachment
5=Attachment Theory
6=Harry Harlow
7= Konrad Lorenz – yellow book 75-76
8 = Ainworth and Bowlby (Secure and Ambivalent)
9= Ainworth and Bowlby (Avoidant and Disorganzied)
Thomas and Chess
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Temperament
 Easy
 40%
 Difficult
 10%
 Slow-to-warm-up
 15%
Lev Vygotsky
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Zone of Proximal Development
Harry Harlow
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Contact
Attachment
Konrad Lorenz
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Imprinting
Critical Period
Mary Ainsworth
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Attachment Theory
John Bowlby
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Strange Situation
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Amount of exploration
Reaction to departure and return
Secure attachment
Anxious-Ambivalent insecure attachment
Anxious-Avoidant insecure attachment
Disorganized/disoriented attachment
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Mary Main
Sigmund Freud
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Terms
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Id
Libido
Fixation
Freud
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Psychosexual Stages
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The Oral Stage
 0-1 ½
 Oral fixation
The Anal Stage
 1 ½ -3
 Anal-expulsive
 Anal-retentive
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The Phallic Stage
 3-6
 Oedipus Complex
 Electra Complex
 identification
The Latent Period
 6-puberty
The Genital Stage
 Puberty-adulthood
Erik Erikson
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Psychosocial Stages of Development
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
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1½- 3
Initiative vs. Guilt
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0-1½
3-5
Industry vs. Inferiority
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6-12
Erikson
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Identity vs. Role Confusion
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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18-35
Generativity vs. Stagnation
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12-18
35-65
Integrity vs. Despair
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65+
Lawrence Kohlberg
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Moral Development
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Pre-conventional Morality
 0-Egocentric judgment
 1-Punishment-Obedience Orientation
 2-Instrumental Relativist Orientation
Conventional Morality
 3-Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation
 4-Law and Order Orientation
Post-Conventional Morality
 5-Social Contract Orientation
 6-Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
Carol Gilligan
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Moral Development
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Women
Adolescence
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Process of Puberty
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Growth Spurt
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Asynchrony
Primary Sex Characteristics
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Reactions to growth
Personal Fable
Spotlight Effect
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Halo Effect
Adolescence
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Theories
G.Stanley Hall
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Margaret Mead
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Storm and Stress
Influence of culture
Robert Havighurst
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Developmental Tasks
Adolescence
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Gender Development
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Gender role
Gender Identity
Gender Stereotypes
Androgynous
Adolescence
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What causes Gender Differences
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Biological theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Social Learning theory
Cognitive theory
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Gender Schema
Diana Baumrind
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Parenting Styles
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Authoritarian
Authoritative
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Democratic
Permissive
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Laissez faire
Daniel Levinson
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Seasons of a Man’s Life
Transitions
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1st transition
 17-22
Entering adult world
 22-28
2nd transition
 28-33
Settling down
 33-40
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3rd/midlife transition
 40-45
Middle adulthood
 45-50
4th transition
 50-55
Late adult transition
 60-65
Aging
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Menopause
Intelligence
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Fluid intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
Dementia
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Alzheimer’s Disease
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
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Stages of Death and Dying
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Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance