1800-1900
Note:

This power point presentation is based on reading selections from
Students’ Friend. Ideas and topics highlighted in red indicate new
information not included in the Students’ Friend reading.
New Imperialism-What is it?

The physical, economic, or
political domination or control
of another nation
What causes or
influences Imperialism?

*Nationalism
(national pride)
*Social
Darwinism (racist
attitudes)
*Money
(Industrial
Revolution &
colonies)
Imperialism in India

 British East India
Company gained
control of most of India
 British government
took over after the
Sepoy Rebellion that
resulted over religious
& cultural differences
 Advantages: postal
service, telegraph,
roads, railroad
network, schools, kept
peace
 Disadvantages:
destroyed Indian textile
industry, high taxes,
pushed cotton growing
instead of
food=famines
Imperialism in China

 British demand for tea
and other products
drained silver from
Britain (trade
imbalance).
 British pushed opium
trade in order to
balance trade
 Chinese objected,
resulted in Opium War
in 1839.
Opium War

 With superior ships
and technology the
British won an easy
victory.
 Chinese under the Qing
emperor were forced to
pay cost of war and to
open new ports to
Western ships.
Continued Foreign Pressure
in China

 Spheres of influenceareas where only one
foreign country had the
right to trade with the
Chinese
 Open Door PolicyUnited States forced all
countries to share equal
rights to trade in China
in 1899
Chinese Reaction to Foreign
Pressure

 Boxer Rebellion (1900)-A secret society, the Boxers,
swore to destroy foreigners and began killing
foreigners across China, especially Christian
missionaries.
 Trapped foreigners in Beijing were rescued by
French, German, British, Japanese, Russian, and
American troops.
 Qing Dynasty forced to give up more ports and pay
for huge losses. The dynasty was finally overthrown
in 1911.
Imperialism in Japan

 Tokugawa shogunate
attempted to keep out
foreign influences.
 Americans sent
warships and
threatened attack
unless Japan open its
ports to trade with the
United States
Tokugawa Shogunate
Falls

 The Tokugawa shogunate
(& feudalism) was
overthrown and replaced
with a modern
centralized government.
 Japanese citizens given
equal rights.
 Emperor (Meiji) restored
to god-like power and
devotion.
 Japan embraces Industrial
Revolution & becomes
powerful.
Imperialism in Africa

 King Leopold II of
Belgium hired Henry
Stanley to explore Congo
River basin and make
treaties with African
leaders.
 This set off a “Scramble
for Africa” by European
countries which led to the
division of Africa without
any input from Africans.
Boers & Zulus

 Boers, descendants of
Dutch farmers, came
into contact and conflict
with the Zulus.
 Boer guns eventually
overcame Zulu spears

 Africa was carved into
countries with boundaries
that had nothing to do
with cultural groups
living there.
 Europeans built railroads
to remove African
resources.
 Nearly destroyed African
culture and development.
Imperialism in Latin
American

 The Monroe Doctrine
was issued by the
United States in 1823.
 Closed Americas to
any future European
colonization
The United States in Latin
America

 The United States took
about half of Mexico’s
territory in the Mexican
war in 1846.
 Latin American countries
would gain independence
but a white upper class
usually kept control.
 New wealth from trade
and industrialization
benefited the elites.
American Imperialism

 Spanish-American War
 U. S. supported Cuban rebels against Spain
 Battleship Maine blew up in Havana harbor & Spain
was blamed (mistakenly).
 U. S. declared war on Spain.
 Theodore Roosevelt & Rough Riders
 U. S. won war and acquired Puerto Rico, Guam,
Philippines.
American Attitude

 The United States took
control of Hawaii.
 Theodore Roosevelt
declared the U.S. would
take control of any
Latin American country
that didn’t run it’s
government the way
the U.S. wanted it to.
 Caused resentment
Westernization

 Western nations:




Industrialized
Wealthy
Powerful
Aggressive
 How could nonWestern nations
respond?
 Isolation (China &
Japan)
 Fight (Zulus)
 Adopt Western ideas,
(industrialize,
modernize)
Problems

 Education was one
route to Westernization
but there were
problems:
 Western countries
already had factories,
workers, and
controlled world
markets.