Chapter 19 Vocab
EARTHQUAKES
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Chapter Objectives
1. Define stress vs. strain as they apply to rocks.
a. 3 types of each
b. Type of fault & boundary associated with each type of stress
2. Distinguish among the 3 types of faults.
3. Contrast types of seismic waves-3 types
a. Type of movement, speed, location
4. Focus vs. epicenter
5. Seismograph/seismometer vs. seismogram
a. Describe how machine works
b. Explain how seismic waves give clues about Earth’s interior
6. Compare & contrast magnitude & intensity, and the scales to measure each
a. Richter vs. Mercalli scale
7. Describe Earth’s seismic belts
8. Locating an epicenter; Explain why data from at least 3 seismic stations is needed.
9. Discuss factors that affect the amount of damage done by an earthquake.
a. Types of failure: structural, pancaking, soil, liquefaction
b. Fault scarps
c. Tsunami
10. Explain some of the factors considered in earthquake probability studies.
a. Seismic risk-history, seismic gap, strain accumulation
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SECTION 19.1
FORCES WITHIN EARTH
K
(What You Need
to KNOW )
1.
Stress
2.
Strain
3.
Elastic Strain
4.
Ductile
Deformation
5.
Failure
(as it pertains to
rocks)
6.
Fault
7.
Normal Fault
8.
Reverse Fault
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I
(Information)
2
M
(Memory Clue)
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9.
Strike-slip Fault
10.
Tension
11.
Compression
12.
Shear
13.
Primary Waves
(P-Waves)
14.
Secondary
Waves
(S-Waves)
15.
Surface Waves
16.
Focus
17.
Epicenter
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Section 19.2 SEISMIC WAVES & EARTH’S INTERIOR
18. Figure 19-10 p. 503 shows the path of earthquake waves as they travel through Earth:
a. Which type of wave, P-wave or S-wave, does not travel through the core?
b. Reading the caption below the diagram, why can’t they go through the outer core?
c. What happens to the other type of wave when it moves from the core to the mantle and
vice versa?
19.
Seismometer
(AKA
Seismograph)
20.
Seismogram
21.
Refraction
22.
Shadow Zone
23.
Earth’s Interior
(Layers)
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Section 19.3 MEASURING AND LOCATING EARTHQUAKES
24. Use Table 19-1 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale on p.507: You are in your house when
suddenly both the front room window and front room wall cracks. What level (Roman
numeral number) of earthquake intensity are you feeling?
25. Use Figure 19-14 p.509: How many seismic stations are needed to determine the epicenter
of an earthquake?
26. Figure 19-15 p. 510 shows the locations of earthquake epicenters. Their locations tend
to be form lines along the edges of something else we have studied this year. They tend to
be along the edges of what?
27.
Magnitude
28.
Richter Scale
29.
Intensity
30.
Modified Mercalli
Scale
31.
Locating an
Earthquake
Epicenter
Section 19.4 EARTHQUAKES & SOCIETY
32. Figure 19-19 p. 514 shows the areas of the United States that have both high risk and
low risk of having an earthquake. Locate Iowa. What category of risk are we in?
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33.
Pancaking
34.
Liquefaction
35.
Fault Scarp
36.
Tsunami
37.
Seismic Risk
38.
Seismic Gap
39.
Strain
Accumulation
Common Concepts/Overriding Goals for Every Unit throughout the Year:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Humans impact the environment around them in profound ways
Form is intimately tied to function
Scientists use technology to find out about the world around them
Scientists engage in inquiry to find out around the world around them.
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