Poly
= Many
Mono = One
Hydro = Water
(actually Greek)
Synthesis = to make or
form
Lysis = loosen;
break apart
Lipos = fat
Life
as we know it
is carbon based.
A carbon atom can
form chemical
bonds with other
carbon atoms in
long chains or
rings.
Carbon
compounds in living things
include: carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids and nucleic acids.
95% of all
compounds are
organic
Example:
Glucose C6H12O6
City
Cell
Building
Organelle
Brick
Macromolecule
POLYMER
MONOMER
Carbohydrates
(Polysaccharides)
Lipids (e.g. fats)
Protein
Monosaccharides
(simple sugars)
Glycerol and Fatty
Acids
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Carbohydrates
are
energy-rich compounds
made from carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
Cells use
carbohydrates to get
and store energy.
Carbohydrates are also
called sugars or
starches.
Plant
cells store energy as starch.
Rice, potatoes, and wheat are plant
starches.
FUNCTION
Quick and short term energy
FOUND IN
Breads, Pastas, Potatoes, Corn
STRUCTURE
Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
(CHO) Unique because they always
have two hydrogen for every one
oxygen (hydrate-like water H20)
MONOSACCHARIDE EXAMPLES Glucose (C6H12O6)
DISACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
Lactose (milk sugar)
Maltose (malt sugar-in grain),
Sucrose (made of fructose & maltose
combined-in sugar cane)
(C12H22O11)
100 to 1000 monosaccharides joined
POLYSACCHARIDE EXAMPLES
Starch-how carbohydrates are stored
in plants
Glycogen-how carbohydrates are
stored in animals
Cellulose-found in plant cell walls;
animals cannot digest (Fiber)
Lipids
are made by
cells to store energy
for long periods of
time.
Lipids include fats,
oils, and waxes.
Can you think of examples of
lipids in plants or animals?
FUNCTION
Long term energy storage
Insulate against heat loss
Protective cushion around organs
FOUND IN
Fatty foods, butter, margarine,
cooking oils
STRUCTURE
Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
(on occasion other elements)
Glycerol (backbone 3 Carbons with OH groups) and fatty acid tail/s
Don’t dissolve in water
FATS and OILS (Triglycerides) One glycerol with 3 fatty acid tail
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
WAXES
STEROIDS
Make up cell membranes contain C,H,
O and phosphorus (2 fatty acid tails)
Only 1 fatty acid tail with alcohol
attached; protective coating on fruits
etc.
Includes cholesterol, female and male
sex hormone
Proteins
are very
large molecules
made of carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
and sometimes
sulfur.
Protein molecules
are made of
smaller
molecules called
amino acids.
FUNCTION
Building blocks of living materials;
compose structural parts such as
keratin in hair and nails, antibodies,
cartilage, bones, ligaments and
enzymes (compounds that speed up
reactions)
FOUND IN
Meat, Eggs and Cheese
STRUCTURE
Much larger, more complex than
carbohydrates and lipids . Contain
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen.
BUILDING BLOCKS
Amino Acids (There are 20 different
amino acids)
Hold amino acids together
(dipeptides, tripeptides, polypeptides)
PEPTIDE BONDS
DENATURATION
When proteins are exposed to extreme
changes in pH, temperature etc. they
lose their shape and can no longer
function.
Nucleic
acids are compounds made of
long, repeating chains called nucleotides.
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the
information cells need to make all of
their proteins.
FUNCTION
Important for growth & reproduction of
cells, contains the genetic code (what
genes are made from)
FOUND IN
Genes – 2 types DNA and RNA
STRUCTURE
Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose),
phosphate, nitrogen bases
BUILDING BLOCKS
Nucleotides
ATP
A nucleic acid that is made in the cell’s
mitochondria. Glucose is converted
into ATP.
DNA is known for its twisted ladder
shape
SHAPE
Some
scientists
refer to DNA as the
“blueprint” for
life.
What is a blueprint and
why might scientists use
this “analogy”?
WHAT DO YOU
KNOW?
NOTICE:
C,H,O and
the 2:1 ratio
of H to O
NOTICE:
the twisted
shape of
DNA
NOTICE:
The Glycerol
back bone
and fatty
acid tails
NOTICE:
The amino
acid
monomers
CHROMOSOME
NOTICE:
The
phospate,
sugar and
base
NOTICE:
The
nitrogen
and Rgroup
MACROMOLECULE FOLDABLE
Fold and cut a piece of paper as shown below to make 4 tabs.
Hamburger-fold
a piece of paper.
Then, fold this in half
to make creases for flaps.
Next. Open the paper up and
fold the edges to the center.
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FRONT SIDE OF TABS:
A
B
C
D
Cut along the creases
to make flaps.

BACK SIDE OF TABS:
Tab A

TAB A
1. Label the tab CARBOHYDRATE (BLUE).

1. Give 2 FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES
2. Write a basic description.

2. List 4 EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES
3. Sketch and color a GLUCOSE molecule

TAB B
TAB B

1. Give 2 FUNCTIONS OF LIPID
1. Label the tab LIPID (GREEN)

2. List 4 EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS
2. List what lipids include.

TAB C
3. Sketch and label a TRIGLYCERIDE molecule.

1. Give 4 FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN
TAB C

2. List 2 EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS
1. Label the tab PROTEIN (RED)

TAB D
2. Write a basic description.

1. Give 2 FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
3. Sketch and color an AMINO ACID

2. List 2 EXAMPLES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
TAB D
1. Label the tab NUCLEIC ACID (PURPLE) ON THE INSIDE CENTER SECTION, write this heading at the top of
the page:
2. Write a basic description.
“COMPOUNDS IN A PERSON”.
Draw a human, and show where/how the 4 macromolecules are used in
3. Sketch and color a NUCLEOTIDE
the body.
On the back of the Foldable, write your name and class period.
Below your name and class period, write and define the following terms:
1. POLYMER (also – draw and label a diagram)
2. MONOMER (also – draw and label a diagram)