FS HN 167 Exam 2
2/22/16
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Lipids
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Classifying
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Hydrogenation
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Digestion/Absorption
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Functions and Lipoprotiens
CVD
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What is it?
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Risk factors/Lifestyles/Diet modifications
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Effect of different diets
Protein
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Amino Acids
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Functions
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Digestion/Absorption
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Quality vs. quantity
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Protein Energy Malnutrition
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Non-traditional eating patterns
Metabolism
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Chemical energy
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Energy metabolism
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Feasting/Fasting states
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Carb example
Alcohol
Outline
LIPIDS
Classifying Lipids
• Triglycerides
– 3 ways that they differ
• Phospholipids
• Sterols
Hydrogenation
• Explain the process chemically
• Why do they do it?
• Positives
• Negatives
Digestion and absorption
• Draw out and name substances with an
important role
Body lipid functions and
Lipoproteins
• List at least 3 functions of lipids in the body.
• Lipoproteins: Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL
– Where is each synthesized?
– What is the function of each?
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Components of CVD
• What does CVD mean, what actually
happens?
• “Good” and “Bad” cholesterol: why?
Risk factors/Lifestyle/Diet
modifications
• Know lists:
– 6 major risk factors for CVD
– Lifestyle factors to reduce risk of CVD
– Diet modifications for people who are already at
risk of CVD
Effect of different diets on
cholesterol levels
• Talk about a diet:
– High in cholesterol
– High in saturated fat
– High in unsaturated fat
– Low total fat
PROTEIN
Amino Acids
• Structure
– Primary
– Secondary
– Tertiary
– Quaternary
Functions
• Name at least 5 functions of proteins
Digestion and Absorption
• Draw out and name substances with an
important role
Quality vs. Quantity
• Quality
– High biological value
– Low biological value
• Improving quality
– Plant engineering
– Supplementation
– Complementation
Protein energy malnutrition
• Define:
– Marasmus
– Kwashiorkor
Non-traditional Eating Patterns
• Define:
– Lacto-ovo-vegetarian
– Lacto-vegetarian
– Vegan
• Positives and negatives of these diets: list at
least 4 of each
METABOLISM
Chemical Energy
• Where is chemical energy “trapped”?
– What is this molecule called?
• Define:
– Metabolism
– Anabolism
– Catabolism
Energy metabolism
• 3 Steps:
– Conversion of energy yielding nutrient to Acetyl
CoA (central step)
– Go through TCA cycle (Krebs/Citric Acid/TCA)
– Electron transport chain
Feasting/Fasting states
• Feasting “________ energy balance”
– Insulin released. Effect?
• Fasting “_________ energy balance”
– Know what happens when you have inadequate:
• Calories
• Protein
• Carbs
Carbohydrate Example
• Which cells use only glucose for energy?
• Short term and long term effects of
inadequacy
ALCOHOL
Digestion and Absorption
• Where?
Metabolism/Rate
• Draw out diagram of pathways
• Factors that change rate of metabolism
Negative effects
• Short term
• Long term
Positive effects of alcohol
• Moderate consumption