Semester one
exam review
Nouns
Definition
A NOUN is a word that names a
person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
thing
person
?
idea
place
Common Nouns
A COMMON NOUN names a general
person, place, thing, or idea. It does not
refer to something specific.
shoe
cat
house
Proper Nouns
A PROPER NOUN names a specific
person, place, thing, or idea. It refers to a
NAME of a noun.
Nike
Felix
White House
CONCRETE NOUNS
CONCRETE NOUNS are nouns that you
can see, hear, touch, smell, or taste.
Abstract NOUNS
ABSTRACT NOUNS are nouns that you
cannot see, hear, touch, smell, or taste. They
are ideas, qualities, and feelings that cannot be
seen or touched.
RESPONSIBILITY
FAIRNESS
JUSTICE
Classify these Nouns:
bike
scissors
judge
snow
Roaring Spring
planet
Jupiter
dollar
city
Pennsylvania
desk
justice
Christian
Islam
friendship
COMMON
CONCRETE
bike
planet
desk
scissors
judge
dollar
ABSTRACT
justice
friendship
PROPER
snow
city
Jupiter
Christian
Islam
Roaring Spring
Pennsylvania
Check
your
chart:
COMMON
CONCRETE
bike
planet
desk
scissors
judge
dollar
ABSTRACT
justice
friendship
PROPER
snow
city
Jupiter
Christian
Islam
Roaring Spring
Pennsylvania
Practice
Write the plural form of each noun.
1. teacup
A: teacups
2. goose
A: geese
3. Iroquois
A: Iroquois
4. class
A: classes
5. auto
A: autos
Practice
6. Department of Justice
A: Departments of Justice
7. daughter-in-law
A: daughters-in-law
8. leaf
A: leaves
9. hobby
A: hobbies
10. donkey
A: donkeys
Semester one
exam review
Possessive Nouns
Definition
The POSSESSIVE form of a noun
shows ownership or relationship.
man
laptop
man’s laptop
Rule ONe
Singular nouns always add an apostrophe
s (‘s) to make them possessive.
the shoe of Mary  Mary’s shoe
the egg of the bird  bird’s egg
Rule two
Plural nouns that end in s only add an
apostrophe (‘) to make them possessive.
windows of the buses  buses’ windows
branches of the trees  trees’ branches
Rule three
Plural nouns that do not end in s always
add an apostrophe s (‘s) to make them
possessive.
horns of deer  deer’s horns
hands of people  people’s hands
Practice
Change the following nouns into possessive form.
1. the bat of the boy
A: boy’s bat
2. the feathers of the geese
A: geese’s feathers
3. the brooms of the witches
A: witches’ broom
Practice Continued
4. the tail of the dog
A: dog’s tail
5. the children of the parents
A: parents’ children
Semester one
exam review
Pronouns
Definition
A PRONOUN is a word that is used to
take the place of a noun.
Pronouns keep us from having to repeat the
same noun.
Charlie has a pencil, but Charlie needs a piece of paper.
Charlie has a pencil, but he needs a piece of paper.
Practice
What pronoun would you use to replace the
underlined part of each sentence?
1. Tom and Wendy walked quickly. Tom and Wendy were eager to
get home.
A: They
2. Nancy wanted a piece of cake, but Nancy was full after dinner.
A: she
3. The class enjoyed recess. The class played dodgeball.
A: They
Definition
A pronoun takes its meaning from the noun it
replaces. The noun that the pronoun refers
to is called the ANTECEDENT.
A pronoun must agree with its antecedent.
That is, it must be the same in number
(singular or plural) and gender as the noun it
replaces.
antecedent
When Daniel had enough money, he bought a bike.
Daniel left the bike out in the rain, and it rusted.
Practice
Identify the pronoun and its antecedent.
1. Deborah is reading about Charles Dickens. He is a famous British
author.
2. Thomas read Oliver Twist, a novel by Dickens about a poor boy.
He enjoyed the story.
3. When Dickens died in 1870, he had not finished the novel The
Mystery of Edwin Drood.
Semester one
exam review
Verbs
Definition
A VERB shows action or state of being.
running
laughing
thinking
dancing
dream
Action Verbs
An ACTION VERB is a word that
expresses action. It may be made up of
more than one word.
The director shouts at the members of the cast.
The lights are flashing above the stage.
The audience arrived in time for the performance.
Several singers have memorized the lyrics of a song.
Practice
Identify the action verbs in each sentence.
1. Heather and Lisa heard a crashing sound.
2. They ran to the kitchen window.
3. The girls turned on the outdoor lights.
LINKING VERBS
A LINKING VERB connects the subject of
a sentence with a noun or an adjective in
the predicate.
Juanita Ortiz was the director.
Ms. Ortiz is imaginative.
HELPING VERBS
A HELPING VERB helps the main verb
express action or make a statement.
Helping Verb + Main Verb = Verb Phrase
A VERB PHRASE consists of one or more helping verbs
followed by a main verb.
Tonya is acting in another play today.
She has learned the lines for both plays.
HELPING VERBS
To the tune of
“When the Saints Go Marching In”
Is Am Are Was
Were Be Being Been
Has Have Had Do Does Did
Shall Will Should Would
May Might Must Can Could
These are the helping verbs!
Practice
Identify the helping verb, main verb, and verb
phrase in each sentence.
1. Miss Frizzle may have saved some cake for you.
2. She did wait to have some also.
3. Should she give you a large piece?
Semester one
exam review
Adjectives
Definition
An ADJECTIVE describes, or modifies, a
noun or pronoun. One adjective can
change the meaning of a whole sentence.
We take exciting trips.
We take boring trips.
Adjectives
ADJECTIVES can tell what kind, which
one, or how many.
What Kind?
We climbed steep, rocky trails.
Which One?
Those hikers met this stream.
How Many?
Several boys carried two canteens.
Practice
Identify the adjectives in each sentence.
1. Ten puppies are playing in the tall, green grass.
2. Sam has a blue racing bicycle.
3. Sam’s apple is sour.
Semester one
exam review
Adverbs
Definition
An ADVERB describes, or modifies, a verb,
adjective, or another adverb.
VERBS
People handle old violins carefully.
ADJECTIVES
Very old violins are valuable.
ADVERBS
Orchestras almost always include violins.
adverbs
ADverbS can tell how, when, or where.
HOW?
Chan happily plays ball.
WHEN?
Often the team travels on the bus.
WHERE?
My sister ran downstairs.
Practice
Identify the adverbs in each sentence.
1. The glacier crept gradually toward the sea.
2. Knock gently on the green door..
3. Do you often go to the movies?