Innovations In Wired
And Wireless USB
Fred Bhesania
Program Manager
Windows Device Experience Group
Microsoft Corporation
Agenda
Recent USB Innovations
USB Advances in Windows Vista
Wireless USB Trends
Wireless USB Support on Windows
Market Convergence
Internet
Broadcast
Personal Computing
Mobile
Multimedia
Consumer
Electronics
USB Landscape And Trends
Most widely used PC peripheral interface
Installed base is over 2 billion units and growing
Adoption virtually 100% in most PC and peripheral categories
Rapidly penetrating Mobile and CE markets; Also being used for charging
Certified Wireless USB adopting the successes of wired USB to keep progress
Amendments to spec to allow dual-role devices as well as inter-chip USB
Wired USB Attach Rates for Key
Peripheral Device Types
Number of Wired USB Products Shipped
per Year (Millions)
800
700
Over 2 Billion units in the
installed base today,
growing to 3.5 Billion by
2006
600
Digital Cameras
Camcorders
External Storage
96%
95%
95+%
USB enabled by ‘06
500
400
300
200
100
Source: Cahners In-Stat Group, 2002
USB enabled by ‘06
USB enabled by ‘06
Source: In-Stat/MDR Group, 2004
PCs
2002
2003
Peripherals
2004
2005
2006
Consumer Electronics
“USB is the most successful interface in the history of the PC”
Source: Brian O’Rourke/Instat-MDR
USB Enhancements In Windows
USB continues to grow and evolve so what's
new in Windows Vista and beyond?
WinUSB and WDF
Simpler APIs/DDIs in Kernel and
now USER; available down level
Power Management Updates
Selective Suspend update and
ability to turn individual ports off
Developer Docs
Tons of new content on USB
in WDK
Group Policy for Devices
Give IT managers ability to control
type of devices that attach to PCs
ReadyBoostTM and USB
Kernel Debugging
Debug system using USB2
debug cable
USB Storage enhancements
Improved performance, power
savings and management features
USB Perf Counters
Integration of USB counters
in PerfMon
Wireless USB*
Ability to use wired USB software and
experiences wirelessly; fast to market
More to follow…
Ability to boost system performance
using USB storage devices
* Wireless USB is not in Windows Vista, but is being developed to run on Windows Vista
Kernel Mode Driver Foundation (KMDF)
Motivation
Legend
Too many
Rules that every WDM driver
must implement
Behaviors to get right
Details to effectively test
In the end, not easy to get right
IHV or ISV
Component
Microsoft New
Component
Application
Solution
Encapsulate hard problems
into one location
Provide a solution which has known
good behavior
U
K
Driver
WDF.SYS
Device
UMDF making significant strides, when you don’t need to be in Kernel
WinUSB Architecture
Kernel mode SYS driver handles
Complex logging and I/O
Power management
PnP events, etc.
User mode DLL exposes
Simpler USER Mode API
Incorrect implementation leads to
application hang/crash (not PC crash)
Solutions like HID are inefficient
(need special H/W)
IHVs don’t want/need to be experts
in complex driver models
 Due to DDC 2005 feedback, downlevel
being considered in late 2006!
Legend
IHV or ISV
Component
New Microsoft
Components
Existing Microsoft
Components
WinUSB
Application
. DLL
U
K
WinUSB.SYS
Existing
USB Stack
Device
Should IHV use WinUSB or WDF? (See appendix)
Power Management Enhancements
Power Management is now more reliable in Windows Vista
Selective Suspend (SS) – an individual USB port is suspended
Old DDI for Selective Suspend still work
Selective Suspend is integrated with power management
Global Suspend – a USB controller is suspended
CPU can drop to C3 once all controllers suspended
Remote wake handling
Ports can be separately armed for wake on connect/disconnect
Device driver IRP_MN_WAIT_WAKE indicate which device
generated remote wake signaling
We did not stop there
Additional support for multi-config devices
Faster resume from suspend
LOTS of documentation in Windows Vista WDK! 
USB Performance Counters
Windows Vista
introduces
ways to track
USB performance
counters
Host Controller Counters
% Bandwidth used for Isoc, Bulk,
Interrupt Control
Average latency for ISOC devices
PCI Interrupts per second
Device Specific Counters
Bandwidth per endpoint
measured (Mbps)
ReadyBoost™ And USB
Get the benefits of adding more RAM,
now by using USB Mass Storage devices
Disk size
Read
throughput
Write
throughput
Minimal
requirement
256 MB free
space
2.5 MBps
1.5 Mps
Logo
requirement
Device >
500 MB
5 MBps
3 MBps
* These are still raw and subject to change during Windows Vista pre-release validation
Device Installation Management
Goals
Reduce cost of ownership
Mitigate against data theft
Two deliverables for IT Pro customer
“Group Policy for Device Installation”
Per machine
Can be specified by device setup class
and/or HWID
“Group Policy for Removable Storage
Device Usage”
Allow different users on same machine
to get different rights
USB devices without serial number
are second class citizens for such scenarios
Windows Vista Changes
Impacting IHVs
Here are some areas to keep in mind
as they may impact IHVs developing
USB devices
Driver installation changes and enhancements
User Account Protection
(UAP…used to be LUA)
WDK related changes/updates
Windows Logo program requirements
Certified Wireless USB
Jeff Ravencraft
President & Chairman USB-IF
Technology Strategist
Intel Corporation
The Future Of Mobility…
Access to
Anything
You want…
Delivered to you
Easily…
When
You want it…
Reliably…
Where
You want it
And Securely
Standards And Regulatory Paths Paved
Standards Progress
ECMA approval in December 2005
Standards submitted for ISO approval in January 2006
ISO approval expected in Q3
IEEE 802.15.3a PAR closed
Regulatory
U.S. FCC approved for commercial use – March 2005
Europe and Japan likely to issue rules in June/July timeframe
Specifications
Certified Wireless USB 1.0 ratified May 2005
Wireless USB Association Model 1.0 ratified March 2006
WiMedia MAC and Phy ratified in 2005
Standards And Ecosystem Support +200 Companies
A Big Opportunity
Wireless USB Estimates (K units)
Number of Wired USB Products Shipped per Year (Millions)
800
150,000
Over 1 Billion units in the installed
base today, growing to 3.5 Billion by
2006
Citigroup
100,000
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
In-Stat
WR Hambrecht
Techno Systems
50,000
SG Cowen
0
Source: Cahners In-Stat Group
2002
PCs
2003
2004
Peripherals
2005
2006
2007
2008
Citigroup
17,000
62,600
142,800
2009
0
In-Stat
13,004
34,505
67,266
140,678
WR Hambrecht
13,900
50,300
126,900
0
Techno Systems
2,700
8,800
30,600
0
SG Cow en
2,700
13,100
56,300
0
2006
Wireless USB Market Estimates
Consumer Electronics
(K units)
(In-Stat, Jan 05)
160,000
Wired USB Attach Rates for Key Device Types
Camcorders
External Storage
96%
USB enabled by ‘06
95%
USB enabled by ‘06
Digital Cameras
95+%
USB enabled by ‘06
140,000
120,000
CE Devices (w/ WUSB)
PC Peripherals (w/ WUSB)
PC (w/ WUSB) (incl adapters)
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
“USB is the most successful interface in the history of the PC”
–Brian O’Rourke/Instat-MDR
Big existing base of USB
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Big market opportunity for WUSB
Certified Wireless USB
Technology Overview
USB Wire Replacement Technology
Matches data rate of
USB 2.0 (480 Mbps)
Hub-and-spoke connection relationship
Connection model is a wire
replacement
Up to 127 devices
Point-to-point connections
Between Certified wireless USB host
and peripheral
Certified wireless USB cluster
Wireless USB Host with one
or more peripherals (up to 127
addressable devices)
Certified Wireless USB clusters
may co-exist within an overlapping
spatial environment
Support for legacy USB host
and devices
Host scheduled data
communications
Dual Role
Devices
Enabling The Market
USB 2.0
Certified Wireless USB
Host Wire Adaptor: HWA
USB 2.0
Certified Wireless USB
Device Wire Adapter: DWA
Certified Wireless USB Performance
Protocol designed from the ground up, optimized
for a wireless medium
Power management
Security and association
Operating System support/class driver protocol maintained
Data throughput
Bandwidth allocation/isochronous support
75% efficient (352 Mbps) in dedicated environment
66% efficient (160 Mbps out of 240 Mbps)
in shared environment
Certified Wireless USB delivers
excellent performance
Certified Wireless USB Compliance
USB-IF provides one-stop-shopping
for WUSB certification
Workshops and 3rd party test houses
Test specs are released (www.usb.org)
First Compliance Workshop in 2H ‘06
Logo from the USB-IF communicates brand
promise to OEMs/ODMs, the channel,
and the consumer
What's Coming In 2006
Certified Wireless USB Developers Conferences
San Jose (U.S.): June 19 – 21 at San Jose convention center
Taipei (Taiwan): July 24-26, Location TBD
Complete Intel Wireless Host Controller Interface
(WHCI) specification
Industry standard for WHCI
The WHCI specification is at Rev 0.91
Public release targeted for Q1 ‘06
USB-IF to hold first Certified Wireless USB compliance and
certification workshop
First WiMedia compliant Silicon Q2 ‘06
First certified Wireless USB products 2H ’06
WiNet-WUSB Combo Architecture
Legend
USB Client
Driver + Software
TCP/IP Stack
PC Radio Components
WiNet Filter Driver
USB Core Stack
System
Software
System Software
Hardware
WiNet Host
Controller
Miniport
UWB Radio
Controller
Driver
Winet Radio
Controller (WinetRCI)
UWB Radio
Controller (URCI)
WUSB Host
Controller
Miniport
Wireless USB Host
Controller (WHCI)
MAC and Convergence Layer
UWB Radio PHY
PEER WiNet
Device Hardware
PEER WUSB
Device Hardware
UWB PC side
Radio
Hardware
Call To Action
64-bit
Ensure that your device and driver work on all 64-bit enabled
Windows operating systems
64-bit Windows is huge!
Test Existing Devices on Windows Vista
Follow the details on www.microsoft.com/whdc to test your
device/driver using latest WDK and get WHQL qualification!
Test all your drivers with the new Windows Vista USB stack
Certified Wireless USB
Attend industry trade shows (especially Wireless USB Developers
Conference in summer 2006: U.S. plus Asia)
Validate Microsoft’s preproduction UWB stack on your prototypes
Please send sample devices to Windows Team
Visit WUSB Community in Exhibition Hall
Additional Resources
Web resources
Specs: http://www.usb.org/developer
Whitepapers: http://www.microsoft.com/WHDC
Microsoft UWB Website:
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/bus/UWB/default.mspx
Communities: www.microsoft.com/communities/products/default.mspx
Related sessions
“Ultrawide Band Architecture for Windows” – Tues 17:30
“Windows Vista Performance Technologies” – Tues 14:00
“User-Mode Driver Framework: Introduction and Overview” – Wed 15:15
“Using the Device Simulation Framework for Software
Simulation of USB Devices” – Wed 16:30
Email address: usbfb @ microsoft.com
Appendix
Which WDF Model Is Right For You?
WinUSB
w/out
UMDF
WinUS
with
UMDF
KMDF
User
mode
User
mode
Kernel
mode
Supports expose/sharing device
with multiple applications
No
Yes
Yes
Supports isolation of driver from application
No
Yes
No
Supports USB Bulk, Interrupt
and Control Transfers?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Supports USB ISOC Transfers?
No
No
Yes
Allows kernel mode stacks to be built on top
of IHV component?
No
No
Yes
Does Microsoft request IHV code
be WHQL tested?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Common examples of devices
USB rain
gauge
USB <->
serial
dongle
USB NIC
Where does the IHV need to write code?
Power Management Enhancements
Extra Details
Enhanced composite device support
Selective suspend now fully supported
Limited support for multiple configuration devices
EHCI 1.0 support
FSTN and i-bit support planned
EHCI bios handoff support planned
USBBiosX key is gone
System suspend states are controller by the controller’s
power capabilities
Most systems will now use S3 by default
Automatic reset of transient over-current errors
Selective Suspend
Selective suspend
An individual USB port is suspended; a device can draw no more than
2.5 MA while suspended
Global suspend
A USB controller is suspended; this will allow a processor to enter low
power states(C3); all ports must be suspended before the controller
is suspended
On Windows XP this can only happen if all drivers have submitted
an IDLE IRP
Windows XP
Conditions
for Selective
Suspend
Conditions
for Global
Suspend
Windows Vista
1) Driver requests a D2/D3 power IRP
2) Driver sends an IDLE IRP and waits
for its callback before powering
down to D2/D3
All drivers have sent an IDLE IRP to the
bus driver and powered down from their
IDLE IRP callback
Same as Windows XP
All devices are in a low
power state
Which Selective Suspend Method To Use?
Windows XP
All drivers should use IDLE IRPs
Complicated, see appendix for examples
Windows Vista
Only composite devices that are enabled for remote wake need to use
IDLE IRPs
IDLE IRPs are fully supported for all devices
IDLE IRPs
WDM power
request
Windows XP
Windows Vista
1. Allows Global Suspend
1. Allows Global Suspend
2. Device’s IDLE callback is not invoked
until all drivers have submitted an IDLE
IRP to the bus driver
2. Device’s IDLE callback
is invoked as soon as
possible
1. Prevents controller from using
global suspend
1. Allows Global Suspend
2. Device’s upstream port
is immediately suspended
2. Device’s upstream port
is immediately suspended
USB Debugging Architecture
U
U
K
K
KDUSB.dll
No
Hubs
allowed
USB2DBG.SYS
Hubs
allowed
USBHUB.SYS
Std A
DBG
Cable
USB
HUB
Std A
Host can support multiple targets
Debug cable must be connected to
a special port on the target machine
© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
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conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation.
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