Topic: Respiratory System
Aim: Describe the parts & functions of the
Respiratory System.
Do Now:
1. Take out your respiratory system reading
notes.
2. Tape your Blood Vessels check and the
Excretory System ISA into the ISA section
of your notebook.
HW: Excretory System ISA
Castle Learning Digestive and Circulatory
Systems due Tuesday, February 23rd.
Aorta
F
Left
Catrium
Right
atrium
A
E
Valve
D
Right
ventricle
B
Left
ventricle
• When you sneeze, secretions
of the nose are being expelled
as more than 6,000droplets up
to 10 feet at very high speeds
(40 m/hr).
• The blast of air being released
during a cough comes out
speeds greater than 100 miles
per hour.
1. Define inspiration and expiration.
• During INSPIRATION (INHALATION) you
breathe air IN.
• During EXSPIRATION (EXHALATION)
you breathe air OUT.
2. Identify the structure air first enters when
you inhale.
• Nasal cavity
When colds transition into a
sinus infection (sinusitis),
you get to keep all of the
symptoms you were already
enduring, then toss some
new ones into the mix. That
headache is only going to get
worse, but now you will
experience a sense of
pressure behind your eyes
and a sense of dizziness
when you move around. Your
fever will kick it up a notch,
and your sinuses will begin
to generate thick, yellowgreen mucus. This will lead
to postnasal drip, which will
further aggravate your sore
throat.
3. Identify the structure after the nasal
cavity that is also known as the THROAT?
• Pharynx
4. Identify the structure also known as the
voice box.
• Larynx
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_ZGqn1tZn8
5. Identify the structure also known as the
windpipe.
• Trachea
6. Identify the structures that hold the
trachea up.
• Rings of cartilage
Where is the epiglottis located?
7. Identify what is found inside the nasal
cavity and the trachea and the function of
this structure.
Cilia and Mucus (ciliated mucus
membrane)
• Mucus  traps dust, pollen, etc…
• Cilia  sweeps mucus and trapped
material to back of nose
Ciliated mucous membrane
A sneeze is a reflex started by tickling
or irritation of the nerve endings inside
of your nose. The sneezing reflex is
useful in blowing out of your nose any
dust particles causing irritation. It is an
involuntary, sudden, violent, audible
expulsion of air through the nose and
mouth.
8. Identify the two structures that branch (or
divide) off the trachea.
• 2 bronchi
Identify the singular term for bronchi.
9. Identify the smaller tubes that branch
off (divide off) of the bronchi.
• Bronchioles
10. Identify the structures at the end of the
bronchioles.
• Alveoli
Identify the singular term for alveoli.
11. Describe the structure of the alveoli.
• Alveoli are small CLUSTERS of
MICROSCOPIC sacs
• Surrounded by CAPILLARIES
12. Describe how gas exchange occurs
in the alveoli.
• OXYGEN is
transferred from the
alveoli into the
bloodstream.
• CARBON DIOXIDE
moves out of the
blood stream and
back into the alveoli.
13. Identify the process that transfers O2
from the to the blood and CO2 from the blood
back to the alveoli.
• DIFFUSION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-f3RL0KiUg
14. Identify the sheet of muscle separating
the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
• Diaphragm
15. Describe how the diaphragm
causes INHALATION.
• The diaphragm
CONTRACTS (or
tightens) to
INCREASE room
in the chest cavity
and draw
OXYGEN into the
lungs.
15. Describe how the diaphragm
causes EXHALATION.
• The diaphragm
RELAXES to
DECREASE
room in the
chest cavity and
push CARBON
DIOXIDE OUT
OF THE
LUNGS.
17. Identify the correct sequence (ORDER) of
structures that air passes through during
inhalation starting with the nasal cavity and
ending with the alveoli.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Let’s summarize:
Nasal cavity
1. Identify the first structure air enters when you inhale.
2. Identify the structure known as the throat Pharynx
3. Identify the structure that produces sound. Larynx
4. Identify the structure also known as the windpipe? Trachea
5. Which structures are lined with cilia and mucus?
Nasal cavity and trachea
6. Identify the 2 structures that branch off the trachea? Bronchi
7. Why are the trachea and bronchi lined with cartilage? Support
8. Identify the structures that branch off of the bronchi. Bronchioles
9. In which structures does gas exchange occur? Alveoli
10. What are alveoli surrounded by? Capillaries
11. Which gas diffuses into the capillaries? Oxygen
12. Which gases diffuse out of the capillaries? CO2 and H2O
8. Identify the sheet of muscle that enables breathing.Diaphragm
Let’s summarize:
1. Explain the function of the respiratory system. Gas exchange
2.List the structures air passes through when you inhale.
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3. Identify the structures that are lined with a ciliated
mucous membrane. Nasal cavity and trachea
4. Identify the structure known as the throat. Pharynx
5. Identify the structure that produces sound. Larynx
6. Why are the trachea and bronchi lined with cartilage? Support
7. Where does gas exchange occur? Alveoli
8. Identify the sheet of muscle that enables breathing. Diaphragm
9. Which gas regulates breathing rate? Carbon dioxide
Which gas regulates or controls your
breathing rate?
CO2
Medulla Oblongata
Nasal cavityA
Nostrils
Pharynx
D
B
Oral cavity C
Trachea
E
Bronchus
F
Bronchiole
G
Alveoli
H
I
Diaphragm
A
C
B
Salivary glands
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large
intestine
Appendix
Espohagus
Liver
Stomach
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
What structures trap foreign
particles and bacteria in the
nose and trachea?
1. pharynx
2. epiglottis
3. cilia
4. trachea
The order of air movement with in the
lungs is best described as
1. bronchioles to bronchi to alveoli
2. bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli
3. trachea to bronchi to alveoli
4. bronchi to alveoli to bronchioles
Alveoli in the lungs are connected to
the bronchi by a network of tiny
tubes called
1. arterioles
2. venules
3. capillaries
4. bronchioles
Inside the alveoli, carbon dioxide and
oxygen
1. are transported along microscopic
tubules
2. are exchanged between air and
blood
3. are produced inside cells
4. are exchanged for other gases
Humans breathe more rapidly during
exercise than before it because during
exercise the blood contains
1.an increased level of oxygen
2.a decreased number of red blood
cells
3.an increased level of carbon dioxide
4.a decreased amount of hemoglobin
Breathing is controlled by the
chemistry of your blood as it
interacts with the part of the
brain called the
medulla
Review: Put the following structures in order
to show the path of air when inhaling.
Larynx
Bronchi
Trachea
Alveoli
Nasal cavity
Bronchioles
Pharynx
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NXaHGuRMsc&feature=related
A
C
B
In sensitive people, asthma
symptoms can be
triggered by breathing
allergens. Common
allergen triggers include:
• Animals (pet hair or
dander)
• Dust
• Mold
• Pollen
• Chemicals in the air or in
food
• Tobacco smoke
Other asthma triggers
include:
• Changes in weather (most
often cold weather)
• Exercise
• Respiratory infections,
such as the common cold
• Strong emotions (stress)
•
•
•
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It causes a cough
that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and
chest tightness. There are two main types.
With chronic bronchitis, the inflamed bronchi produce a lot of mucus
which leads to cough and difficulty getting breathing. It is most often
cased by cigarette smoke. Breathing in other fumes and dusts over a long
period of time may also cause chronic bronchitis. This a long-term
condition that keeps coming back or never goes away completely.
Acute bronchitis can be caused by viruses or bacteria. These viruses
spread through the air when people cough, or through physical contact
(for example, on unwashed hands). Most cases of acute bronchitis get
better within several days.
Oral cavity
Esophagus
Gall bladder
Liver
Large
intestine
Stomach
Pancreas
Small
intestine
Rectum
Did you know…
• Every minute you breathe in 13
pints of air.
• People tend to get more colds
in the winter because we're
indoors more often and close
to other people. When people
sneeze, cough and even
breathe, germs go flying!