Training Package
TP 02/05
Asia Industrial Gases Association
298 Tiong Bahru Road, #20-01 Central Plaza, Singapore 168730
Internet: http//www.asiaiga.org
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AIGA 2005 - AIGA grants permission to reproduce this publication provided the Association is acknowledged as the source
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Disclaimer
All publications of AIGA or bearing AIGA’s name contain information, including Codes of Practice, safety procedures and other technical information that were obtained from sources believed by AIGA to be reliable and/ or based on technical information and experience currently available from members of
AIGA and others at the date of the publication. As such, we do not make any representation or warranty nor accept any liability as to the accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information contained in these publications.
While AIGA recommends that its members refer to or use its publications, such reference to or use thereof by its members or third parties is purely voluntary and not binding.
AIGA or its members make no guarantee of the results and assume no liability or responsibility in connection with the reference to or use of information or suggestions contained in AIGA’s publications.
AIGA has no control whatsoever as regards, performance or non performance, misinterpretation, proper or improper use of any information or suggestions contained in AIGA’s publications by any person or entity (including AIGA members) and AIGA expressly disclaims any liability in connection thereto.
AIGA’s publications are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition.
Asia Industrial Gases Association
298 Tiong Bahru Road, #20-01 Central Plaza, Singapore 168730
Internet: http//www.asiaiga.org
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Acknowledgement
This document is adopted from the European
Industrial Gases Association document TP 12/05 and acknowledgement and thanks are hereby given to EIGA for permission granted for the use of their document.
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Oxygen is essential to life
• Its normal concentration in the air we breathe is approximately 21 %
• We can breathe in a 50-60% oxygen enriched atmosphere for several hours under medical care
(oxygen therapy)
 But it is dangerous to do so without knowing the associated risks due to oxygen enrichment !
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It is not flammable but supports combustion.
Most materials burn fiercely sometimes explosively in oxygen.
As the oxygen concentration in air increases, the potential fire risk increases.
At concentrations above 23 % in air, the situation becomes dangerous due to the increased fire hazard.
This was a van which caught fire very quickly, due to driver who smoked inside while transporting oxygen (oxygen enriched atmosphere).
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Being heavier than air, oxygen can accumulate in low lying areas such as trenches, pits,or underground rooms , especially in cases of cryogenic liquid spillage.
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For a fire or explosion to occur, three elements are required :
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Leaks can lead to oxygen enrichment, i.e. increased fire hazard.
Leaking connections, flanges and fittings connected to an oxygen source are hazardous causing the oxygen concentration in the surrounding to increase.
Insufficient ventilation increases the risk.
All equipment, newly assembled or after maintenance, has to be thoroughly leak tested before going into service.
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• A spill of liquid oxygen creates a dense cloud of oxygen enriched air as it vaporises.
• The clothing of personnel entering the cloud will become enriched with oxygen.
• When liquid oxygen impregnates the soil which contains organic material, e.g. wood, asphalt, etc., a dangerous situation exists, as the organic material is liable to explode when impacted.
• Liquid oxygen filling locations are areas where oxygen enrichment is likely to occur.
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• Only certain materials are suitable for use in oxygen service.
• Most materials including metals!will burn in pure oxygen or in oxygen enriched atmospheres, even if they cannot be ignited in air.
• Oils, grease and materials contaminated with these substances are particularly hazardous in the presence of an oxygen enriched atmosphere, as they can ignite extremely easily and burn with explosive violence.
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• Equipment contaminated with oil and grease shall be cleaned for oxygen using approved cleaning agents/methods.
• Check with your supervisor that any material/part or substance you intend to use is approved for oxygen service.
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• Oxygen Enrichment of the atmosphere, for example during cryogenic liquid filling
• Shock impact with combustible material
• Improper use of oxygen
• Incorrect operation and maintenance of oxygen systems
• Use materials non compatible with oxygen service
Above oxygen tanker exploded due to the ignition of the asphalt coating of the road which was impregnated with oxygen.
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Do not use oxygen as a substitute for air, example:
• operating pneumatic tools
• inflating tyres
• starting diesel engines
• dusting benches, machinery or clothing
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• Oxygen enriched atmosphere can occur at:
– Pits, trenches,
– Low enclosed areas, underground ways
– Sewers
– In ASUs, cylinder filling plants,…
– Around tanker filling
– Around vents, leaks
– …
• In such areas :
– DO NOT SMOKE
– Do not use naked flames, do not weld
– Wear adequate fire-resistant or cotton garments and underclothing.
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• If hot work (welding, flame cutting, soldering, grinding, etc.) has to be carried out, ensure that:
– the atmosphere has been checked and confirmed as safe
– If not, use ventilation means.
Appendix 1 EIGA/IGC
WORK PERMIT n° ……..
Any attached document or log sheet ?
YES NO HOW MANY ………..
List of attached documents ………………………….…………..……………...………………………………………………..
• Don’t start work without a
Plant / Unit :…………….………………………………………………………….………….………….……………………………………………………..………...………….…
Permit to Work
Description of work to be done………....……..…………….……………………………………………………….………….……………………….......………….………….…
Have all relevant departments/personnel been consulted ?
YES NOT APPLICABLE
2. POTENTIAL HAZARDS & HAZARDOUS JOBS
. Jobs performed by contractors or temporary workers
. Potential oxygen deficiency or enrichment
. Potential flammable / explosive atmosphere
. Potential high temperature / pressure
. Potential exposure to hazardous chemicals (toxic, reactive,
acid, caustic….)
. Confined space entry
. Bypassing or removing/altering safety devices and equipment
. Elevated work
. Introduction of ignition sources where not permanently
allowed (fire permit)
. Electrical troubleshooting or repair on live circuits
YES NO
. Maintenance or repairs in areas, or to equipment or lines,
containing or supposed to contain hazardous materials or conditions
. Manual or powered excavations
. Use of mobile cranes
. Insulation or catalyst handling
. Use of adapters
. Product conversion of stationary or mobile or portable vessels
and containers
. Temporary or permanent changes, alterations, modifications of
equipment or processes
. Exposure to traffic (road, mail)
. Exposure to moving / rotating machinery
YES NO
Others (state) ……………………..……...…………………………………………………………………………
3. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
. Draining
. Depressurising
. Physical Isolation
. Electrical Isolation
. Safety tags and locks
. Flushing with water/solvent
. Steaming out
. Purging with inert gas/air
. Temperature normalisation
YES NO
. Remove hazardous materials
. Fresh air ventilation
. Atmosphere analysis :
. Oxygen
. Flammable
. Toxic
. Other
. Area marked off
. Warning notices
YES NO
. Standby man
. Elevated work
. Contractors trained
. Eliminate ignition sources
. Fire hose
. Fire screen
. Wet surrounding area
. Audible/visible warnings
YES NO
. Clear area of combustibles
. Fire extinguishers
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4. PERSONNEL PROTECTION
. Head
YES NO
. Ears
YES NO
. Body
YES NO

If you have been exposed to an oxygen enriched atmosphere or if you exit a location liable to oxygen enrichment:
Ventilate your clothing in the open air for at least 15 minutes before smoking or going near a source of ignition.
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No smoking
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