DRUG & ALCOHOL FREE WORKPLACE POLICY SUPERVISIOR

The Drug Free Workplace

EAP Works a division of North Pines Center, Inc.

CEO, Ken Scroggs LPC, LCSW, LMFT, CEAP

770-449-1111

Ken Scroggs LPC, LCSW, LMFT,

CEAP 1

Primary Objectives

1. Provide a safe, healthy, and secure workplace;

2. Ensure that all employees perform their job duties in a safe, efficient and productive manner;

3. Ensure equipment and facilities do not pose undue risk or harm: a. Properly maintained, and b. Operated appropriately

4. “Drug and Alcohol Free Workplace” policy protects health, safety, & welfare of employees and citizens


CEAP 2

Training Objectives

By the end of this class, you will be able to:

1.

Effectively discuss Drug Free Workplace policy

2.

Identify signs and symptoms of possible drug use and alcohol misuse

3.

Know how to document behaviors leading to

“reasonable suspicion”

4.

Know the legal issues surrounding this policy

5.

Use the Employee Assistance Program, EAP, as a valuable referral source


CEAP 3

For Your Safety These Tests Have

Been Made Legal

1.

Pre-Employment

2.

Random (optional, check with your HR dept)

3.

After-Care

4.

Return to Duty

5.

Reasonable Suspicion

6.

Post Accident

7.

Consent


CEAP 4

Substances We Test For &

Related Indicators

1.

Marijuana (slow reaction time/lack of coordination)

2.

Cocaine (dilated pupils/runny nose)

3.

Amphetamines (restless/talkative)

4.

Methamphetamines (nervousness/excitement)

5.

Opiates (restlessness/drowsiness)

6.

Phencyclidine (lack of concentration/mood swings)

7.

Alcohol (staggering/slurred speech)

8.

Other controlled substances

(drowsiness/jitters/impaired vision)


CEAP 5

What Is Reasonable Suspicion?

 Circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that it is more likely than not that a person has used drugs or misused alcohol in violation of the policy.

 Factors include: job performance, speech, appearance, behavior, odor, pattern of unsafe behavior, demonstrably unsafe behavior for which there is no reasonable explanation, direct observation, credible information provided by others, possession of substance, etc.


CEAP 6

Who Will Be Randomly Tested?

 Know if your policy includes Random

Testing

 Most policies include

 CDL Employees

 Safety Sensitive

Employees

 Check with HR Dept


CEAP 7

SUPERVISORS ARE THE

FRONT LINE!!!

 Responsible for:

 Realizing and recognizing potential problem(s)

 Looking for indicators

 We rely on you for:

 Documenting changes over time

 Having multiple indicators, since taken alone, each indicator could be caused by something other than substance abuse


CEAP 8

Prohibited Conduct

1.

Unauthorized use, possession, sale, or solicitation,

2.

Hindering, obstructing or refusing to undergo a drug or alcohol test,

3.

Tampering with a sample,

4.

Impaired ability to satisfactorily or safely perform job duties,

5.

Abusing or misusing prescription drugs or over the counter medication.


CEAP 9

Your Responsibility

Job Performance/Workplace Behavior

Process:

1.

Observe Behavior

2.

Immediately document behaviors observed

3.

Talk privately to employee about concerns and observation

4.

Let employee respond

5.

Ask to submit to “fitness-for-duty” urine screening test

6.

Maintain Confidentiality


CEAP 10

If Employee Refuses To

Test

1.

Explain that action is in violation of policy

2.

Ask to submit to test again

3.

Explain that refusal will lead to termination for insubordination

4.

Always contact Human Resources!


CEAP 11

Responsibility

1.

Supervisor or designee should transport persons to testing facility

2.

Employee must not eat or drink anything once notified

3.

Employee should be taken within 2hours after notification

4.

Employee cannot opt out of test once notified


CEAP 12









Behaviors to Anticipate

Denial





Denial of problem

Claims someone is after him/her

Threats







Threatens to go to attorney

Makes scene

Threatens to quit

Rationalization



Makes excuses for behavior

Angry Outburst









Becomes angry

Crying

Screaming

Yelling

13

3.

4.

1.

2.

5.

Remember These 5 Steps

Know importance of your role

Know policy to explain to employees

Recommend EAP counseling also

Focus on job performance issues and/or behavioral concerns

Follow up with employee


CEAP 14



Alcohol Testing Procedures

Breathalyzer used to determine if alcohol is present in the body and the concentration level:



First test is a screening test



Second test is a confirmation test



Alcohol Concentration level:



.01 or higher (retest)





Alcohol Concentration level



.04 or higher



Presumed violation, severe disciplinary action

Medical Review Officer (MRO) is not

Drug Testing Procedures







Urinalysis done to detect drug use











Sample provided by employee

Temperature of sample taken

Sample observed for impurities/discolorations

Sample sealed, tagged, and initialed

Sample sent to NIDA approved lab for testing

Chain of Custody & Control form completed, Medical Review Officer involved

Screening test on sample

16

Important Things To Know!











Alcohol test results of .04 or higher



Employee presumed to be in violation of policy

Any detectible amount of drugs creates presumption employee is in violation of policy

Discipline for any violation of policy is gross misconduct and will result in severe disciplinary action

After testing for reasonable suspicion, send home on paid leave until HR notify director of results

SEEK EMPLOYEE CONSENT BEFORE

TESTING!!! (If Reasonable Suspicion or

Random Selection, you do not need consent, but nice to ask)


CEAP 17

Silence Is Golden



Only authorized person(s) will be notified of test results



Violation of confidentiality is considered gross misconduct and appropriate disciplinary action will follow


CEAP 18

Testing Facility Location





Check with your HR dept for the approved testing location

Most often the company provides you the paperwork to take with you to the testing site


CEAP 19









Effective Supervisor

Guidelines

Be Attentive







Accidents

Frequent lateness

Mood swings

Observant



Specific aspect of job performance lacking

Immediately Document

Focus on Job Performance



Don’t judge (don’t accuse, review observations/concerns)



Don’t diagnose





Don’t counsel

Don’t make promises

20


Guidelines







Be Thoughtful



Stay non-judgmental



Recognize employee’s point of view

Be straightforward





Stick to facts

Don’t get sidetracked

Be Consistent



Follow same procedures for everyone


CEAP 21


Guidelines, con.







Maintain Confidentiality







Talk privately to employee

Keep conversation private

Don’t review or discuss circumstances with anyone who does not have a need to know

Refer



Encourage using EAP counseling benefits for personal problems; alcohol, drugs, divorce, grief, parenting, etc.

Follow Up



Assess employee’s work performance for a period of time. One year is often recommended


CEAP 22

What Must Be Evaluated



To make a reasonable suspicion determination, a supervisor must evaluate:



Specific, contemporaneous and articulate observations concerning appearance, behavior, speech, or body odors of the employee consistent with possible drug use or alcohol misuse


CEAP 23

Typical Supervisory

Concerns







Loss of employee confidence/support

Jeopardizing employee’s ability to make a living

Do not like confrontation







Possible loss of productivity

Lack of training

Fear of personal safety


CEAP 24

Training Will Include

















Role and responsibility of supervisors

How to recognize signs and symptoms of drug use

How to recognize signs and symptoms of alcohol misuse

Short-term indicators

Long-term indicators

Initiating, substantiating and documenting

Employee Intervention

Record keeping/documenting event


CEAP 25

Short-Term Objective Facts













Observable physical evidence (drugs and paraphernalia)

Symptoms of drug use and/or alcohol misuse

Unstable walking

Poor physical coordination

Bloodshot or watery eyes

Hand tremors


CEAP 26

Short-Term Objective Facts

(cont.)











Combative behavior

Unusual restlessness

Disorientation

Dilated or constricted pupils

Slow reactions or slurred speech


CEAP 27

Long-Term Objective Facts



Due to lack of frequent contact by supervisors, long-term indicators are more reliable when documenting performance or behavior problems associated with illicit drug use or alcohol misuse. However, long-term indicators may not, alone, be grounds for reasonable suspicion.


CEAP 28


(cont.)







Work performance problems (quality and quantity)

Personality changes













Moodiness

Aggressiveness

Depression

Fearfulness

Paranoia

Anxiety

Chronic problems





Tardiness

Absenteeism (Mondays, after holidays, and paydays)

29


(cont.)







Chronic problems (cont.)











Leaves work without notice

Accidents

Poor judgment

Difficulty in concentrating

Gives improbable excuses for absences

Personal hygiene and physical appearance

Social withdrawal







Isolation

Overreaction to criticism

Lack of eye contact


CEAP 30

Effects of Alcohol

Consumption





















Flushing

Dizziness

Dulling of senses

Impairment of coordination, reflexes, memory, and judgment

Loss of inhibitions

Staggering

Slurred speech

Double Vision

Sudden mood changes

Unconsciousness

31

Alcohol Consumption Health

Risks













Alcoholism

Cancers or the liver, stomach, colon, larynx, esophagus, and breast

Brain damage

High blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes

Stomach and duodenal ulcers

Colitis













Alcohol hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver

Impotence and infertility

Birth defects and

Fetal Alcohol

Syndrome

Premature aging

Kidney damage

Pancreas damage


CEAP 32

Effects of a Hangover













Headache

Nausea

Dizziness

Dry throat

Eye ache

Shaking


CEAP 33

Skills Impaired by Alcohol

Use











Vision – ability to see the whole field of vision

Reaction time – ability to recognize and respond quickly

Concentration – attention span is limited

Coordination - ability to physically control a vehicle is affected

Reflexes - the body’s ability to respond to the brain’s commands is slowed


CEAP 34

Skills Impaired by Alcohol

Use (cont.)







Perception - the brain’s ability to recognize visual images is slowed

Judgment - the person’s ability to understand what is going on is impaired

Comprehension - the brain’s ability to understand what is going on is impaired


CEAP 35

Skills Impaired By A

Hangover

















Concentration

Reflexes

Professionalism

Coordination

Judgment

Politeness

Perception

Comprehension


CEAP 36

Effects Of Marijuana













Slows reaction time

Decreases awareness of the road

Decreases awareness of vehicle control

Reduces peripheral vision

Diminishes estimates of time and distance

Impairs coordination











Impairs judgment

Impairs concentration

Diminishes capacity to perform complex functions

Reduces short term memory

Reduces awareness and perception of diminished skill levels


CEAP 37

Common Names For

Marijuana











Pot

Grass

Weed

Joint

Reefer











Dope

Roach

Hash

Bud

Mary Jane


CEAP 38

Marijuana Use Facts







The amount of marijuana required to generate a high depends on:





THC content of the marijuana

Individual’s weight, height, and body type

Driving skills are impaired for 4 to 6 hours after smoking one joint, but some people show effects for up to 24 hours

The THC may stay in a person’s system for up to 30 days or longer


CEAP 39

Health Risks of Cocaine Use















Accelerated heart rate

Constricted blood vessels

Dilated pupils

Increased blood pressure

Nasal congestion

Runny nose

Disintegration of mucus membranes of the nose















Addiction

Seizures

Cardiac arrest

Respiratory alert

Stroke

Death

Collapsed nasal septum


CEAP 40

Personal Characteristics

Associated With Cocaine Use

 False sense of power, control, alertness, well-being, confidence, and strength

 Impulsive

 Unpredictable

 Paranoid

 Reckless


CEAP 41

After-Effects of Cocaine

Use





















Restlessness

Anxiety

Depression

Exhaustion

Mental Fatigue

Irritability

Paranoia

Intensive craving for drug

Preoccupation with drug

Overall discomfort


CEAP 42

Effects of Crack Use









Short, intense high

Abrupt halt to high

Deep depression

Intense craving for more drug


CEAP 43

Common Names For Cocaine













Coke

Blow

Snow

Speedball

Flake

Crack













Freebase

Base

Rock

Snort

Eightball

Toot


CEAP 44

Potential Victims of Cocaine

Use By CDL/Safety

Sensitive Employees



















Passengers

Others on the road

Co-workers

Public confidence

Drug user

User’s family

User’s friends

Pedestrians

Society Ken Scroggs LPC, LCSW, LMFT,

CEAP 45

Effects of Amphetamine

Use















Restlessness

Irritability

Talkativeness

Tenseness

Hyperactivity

Violent behavior

Impaired judgment













False sense of alertness

Diminished concentration

Over self-confidence

Psychological addiction

Brain damage

Suicidal depression


CEAP 46

After-Effects of

Amphetamine Use



Depression





Confusion

Intense Fatigue


CEAP 47

Characteristics of

Methamphetamines













Synthetic drug

Stimulates movement and speed

Generates feelings of excitement

Results in nervousness, insomnia, and paranoia

Post use depression, fatigue, and inability to experience pleasure

Addictive


CEAP 48

Amphetamines/Methamphetamines

Common Street Names













Speed

Uppers

Poppers

Meth

Bennies

Crank













White crosses

Ecstasy

Dexies

Crystal

Juice

Black beauties


CEAP 49

Effects of Opiate Use















Relief of pain

Drowsiness

Restlessness

Indifference

Relaxation

Slow reflexes

Accident prone


CEAP 50

Common Street Names for

Opiates











Heroin

Black tar

Tar

Opium

Horse











Morphine

Smack

Mexican brown

Tylenol-III

China white


CEAP 51

Effects of Phencyclidine Use















Unpredictable behavior

Departure from reality

Memory loss


Decreased sensitivity to pain

Extreme violence

Distorts hearing, smell, taste, touch, and visual senses













Alters mood and consciousness

Disorientation

Disturbed perception

Impaired judgment

Temporary insanity

Suicidal behavior

52

Other Hallucinogens









LSD

Peyote

Mescaline

Psilocybin


CEAP 53

Effects Common To All

Hallucinogens



Distorts reality



Unpredictable



Potential for flashbacks



Inability to perform job duties


CEAP 54

Commonly Prescribed Drugs











Tranquilizers

Barbiturates

Narcotics

Hypnotics

Antihistamines


CEAP 55

Employee Responsibility:

Prescription Drugs









Make sure their physician is aware of their medical history and any other drugs they are currently taking

Inform their physician about their job duties and ask if the prescribed drug will affect their ability to carry out these functions

Discuss other treatment options with their physician, if appropriate

Check warning labels


CEAP 56

Employee Responsibility:

Prescription Drugs (cont.)



Determine whether or not they should report to work



Take the medication exactly as prescribed


CEAP 57

Skills Commonly Affected By

Prescription Drugs



Concentration



Coordination



Alertness



Judgment


CEAP 58

Over-The-Counter Drugs

That May Impair

Performance





Antihistamines







Drowsiness

Slowed reactions

Impaired vision

Stimulants











Jitteriness


False sense of alertness

Irritability

Post-high fatigue

59

Responsible Use Of Over-

The Counter Drugs



Read label









Check for warnings

Consult with physician or pharmacist

Make informed decisions regarding fitness for work

Take as directed


CEAP 60

Commonly Used Inhalants









Glue

Gasoline

Paint thinner

Cleaners


CEAP 61

Effects of Inhalant Use











Drowsiness

Lightheadedness

Numbness

Irritability

Unpredictable behavior


CEAP 62

FACT









The intent of the program, as it applies to reasonable suspicion testing, is to provide supervisors with another resource to help them ensure that safety-sensitive employees are fit for duty



Fitness for duty is a prerequisite for safety!

Supervisors are on the front-line in identifying substance abuse in the workplace

Supervisors are not expected to be police or experts in substance abuse

Supervisors are expected to protect the safety of the general public as well as employees

63

Fact (cont.)







The supervisors role is to help orient, train, and inform employees about the policy, and to determine when there is reasonable suspicion for testing

Supervisors are expected to determine fitness for duty, not what substances an employee may be abusing

Supervisors should not be concerned with the problems an employee is facing in his/her personal life unless it affects job performance and public safety


CEAP 64

Fact (cont.)





Supervisors are expected to be able to articulate and substantiate specific behavioral performance or physical indicators of prohibited drug use and alcohol misuse, but it is not the supervisor’s responsibility to “diagnose” the individual

Supervisors must remember that a referral for a reasonable suspicion test is not an accusation. It is merely a request for objective data for use in identifying the underlying cause of observed behavior

65

Fact (cont.)



The interaction with the employee and all information about the test result should be handled with the strictest confidentiality, and with respect for the employee’s privacy


CEAP 66

6.

7.

3.

4.

1.

2.

Wrap Up

5.

Why policy was changed

Legal concerns of policy

Review of revised policy

Steps to follow to report on-the-jobaccident

Drugs we test for and their effect on the body

Behavioral indicators to look for

Q & A


CEAP 67

Always Remember

 Contact the Human Resources Dept. for help and answers to your questions

 EAP Works provides free, confidential counseling for employees and dependents – 770-449-1111


CEAP 68

The Drug Free Workplace

EAP Works a division of North Pines Center, Inc.

Ken Scroggs LPC, LCSW, LMFT, CEAP

770-449-1111


CEAP 69

DRUG & ALCOHOL FREE WORKPLACE POLICY SUPERVISIOR

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