Parliament Triumphs in England
Chapter 4 Section 3
OBJECTIVES
•Describe the Tudor monarchs’ relations with Parliament
•Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of
revolution
•Understand how the English Civil War and the development of the
Commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution
•Explain the development of English constitutional government
I. A Century of Revolution
• Elizabeth I
• Dies childless
• Closest relative is James I
• King of Scotland
• Start of the Stuart Dynasty
• Belief in Divine Right
• James I
• Constant clashes with Parliament
• Mostly over money and foreign affairs
• James would just dissolve parliament and collect taxes
on his own
• Charles I
• 1625
• Believed in Divine Right
• 1628
• Summons Parliament to raise taxes
• Parliament forces Charles to sign the Petition of Right
• King cannot raise taxes without consent of Parliament
• Charles signs it and then ignores it
• Scottish Revolt
• Charles forced to summon Parliament again
• The Long Parliament (1640)
• Session lasts until 1653
• Back and forth struggles from 160-1642
II. The English Civil War
• 1642-1651
• Cavaliers
• Supported the King
• Roundhead
• Supported Parliament
• Puritans
• Called roundheads for their haircuts
• Oliver Cromwell
• Military Genius
• Organized the “New Model Army”
• Officers of skill rather than social class
• By 1647
• Cromwell and his army captured the King
• 1649
• Charles I is executed
• 1st time in history, the English ruler was executed
• No ruler could claim absolute power
III. Cromwell and the
Commonwealth
• Parliament
• Abolishes the monarchy, the House of Lords and the Church of
England
• Establishes the Commonwealth
• Lead by Cromwell
• The Struggle
• Resistors from Scotland and Ireland
• Supported Charles II
• Levellers
• Believed that the poor should have the same rights in the Government as the
rich
• 1653
• Cromwell takes the title: Lord Protector
• Rules as a dictator
• The End of Cromwell
• England becomes a very Puritan country
• However England does not all follow Puritan
teachings
•
•
•
•
Drinking
Gambling
Dancing
Theaters
• 1658
• Cromwell dies
• Puritans lose grip on government
• 1660
• Parliament invited Charles II to take over
IV. Restoration to Glorious
Revolution
• Charles II
• Reestablished the Church of England
• Yet had Catholic sympathies
• James II
• Charles’ Brother
• Inherits the throne in 1685
• He is an open Catholic
• Appoints Catholics to higher positions
• Parliament
• Invites Mary (James’ daughter) and her husband
William of Orange to invade England
• When William lands in England, James II flees for
France
• This event is know as the Glorious Revolution
• The Bloodless overthrow
V. The English Bill of Rights
• 1689
•
•
•
•
Shows the superiority of Parliament
Trial by Jury
Abolished Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Toleration Act
• Granted religious freedom to Quakers, Puritans and
others
• NOT TO CATHOLICS