1. Through binary fission, a type of asexual reproduction, the newly created offspring will be
genetically: (choose the best answer)
a) Similar
b) Exactly the same
c) Will contain some of the DNA of the parent
2. Is the type of reproduction shown above sexual or asexual? Identify what type it is, and explain
how it works: This picture shows a type of asexual reproduction called “budding.” In
budding, a smaller version of the parent extends from the body of the parent, and
eventually separates to live independently.
3. In a 7th grade science lab, we created a model of an eukaryotic (animal) cell utilizing common
craft items. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a model like this to analyze the
organization of cells?
Advantages: You can clearly see structures that are too small to see with the human eye; it
can be used to show the organization/structure of typical cells.
Disadvantages: The cell is generic and may not be exactly like any real cell; nothing moves,
so you can’t use it to study how things in the cell move around; nothing changes or interacts
with other parts, as it would in a real cell; very often, parts are not in scale with each other.
4. Compare and contrast:
Sexual reproduction
Advantages:
Greater genetic
variation; ability to
adapt to changes and
survive in new
environments or in
case of change.
Disadvantages:
Organisms must find
and often compete for
mates to reproduce;
usually slower
process for populating
Asexual reproduction
Advantages:
Faster process for
populating; no need to
find or compete for
mates; it the
environmental
conditions are good
for one, they are good
for all.
Disadvantages:
Less genetic variation;
less ability to survive
and adapt
5. Which of the following are results of the genetic instructions in human DNA?
Skin color
eye color
body-builder muscles
widow’s peak
dimples
language
height
scars
6. Plants can inherit genes that determine flower color, as well as genes that determine height.
Complete the Punnett square for a cross using the following genotypes for flower color, where red
is dominant (R) and white is recessive (r): (Parent 1) Rr
(Parent 2) rr
R
r
r
Rr
rr
r
Rr
rr
7. For each of the following pictures, determine whether it is an example of sexual reproduction
or asexual reproduction:
A.
asexual
B.
sexual
C.
sexual
D.
asexual
8. What are the functions of the following eukaryotic cell parts?
CELL PART
FUNCTION
nucleus
Contains the DNA;
controls cell function
mitochondria Provides power for cell
activities
vacuole
Storage of food
molecules, water, etc
ribosome
Sites of protein
synthesis
9. Mendel’s Law of Segregation explains how in sexual reproduction, one gene for each trait is
inherited randomly from each parent, resulting in 1 genes for each trait in the offspring.
10. Mendel’s Law of Dominance explains that when there are two different alleles for a trait,
one allele will be expressed as dominant, and the other allele will be masked as recessive.
11. If tall is dominant (T) in pea plants, and short is recessive (t), which phenotype would be
more likely to be common? Tall is likely to be more common. Why? There are two genotypes
that will result in a tall phenotype (TT and Tt), but only one combination that result in a
phenotype of short (tt). In a situation where the T and t alleles are even close to equally
occurring in a population, the probability of getting one tall allele is higher than the
probability of getting two recessive alleles.
12. Which type of reproduction results in greater genetic variation?
a. sexual reproduction
b. asexual reproduction
13. Which type of reproduction results in offspring that is genetically identical to a parent?
a. sexual reproduction
b. asexual reproduction
14. Place the following structures in order of size from smallest to largest:
Chromosome, gene, DNA, cell, nucleus
Answer: gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell
15. If tall(T) is dominant and short(t) is recessive, in a heterozygous (Tt) organism,
Which gene will be expressed? Tall allele (T)
Which gene will be masked? Short allele (t)
Also, study vocabulary (all 3 lists) and the Genetics Take Home Test (will be returned graded on
Friday).