The Reign of
Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole
Ke Aliʻi Makaʻāinana
Keoni Ocalvey
Honors Hawaiian History
Mrs. Kimberly Glassco
Period 4
Background
• Born on March 26, 1871, Kūhiō grew up as a
prince of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.
• Educated in California, Japan, and England
(Agriculture & Business)
• Kūhiō was set to become king after the death
of Kalākaua but the overthrow took place on
January 17, 1893 and Kūhiō had no future of
ruling Hawai‘i as the King.
Conditions During Reign
• 1900-1920 Number of pure Hawaiians from
29,799 to 23,700.
• 1910 Native Hawaiian life expectancy 30.2
years
• 1925 infant mortality rate 13.6%
• Bad living conditions in cities
1920 Hawaiian Homes Commission
Act (Cultural)
• Established permanent land base for Native
Hawaiians
• With amendments is still in effect today
• Took 10 years of work by Kūhiō
• 200,000 Acres
• 5% of Hawaii
• All land used
residentially for Homes
or traditional Hawaiian
farming
• Must be 50% or greater
Hawaiian
• Also issue loans to build
homes
Cultural Effects
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Retuned Hawaiians to land
Many living in tenant homes downtown
Land to grow traditional crops
Owing land major part of Hawaiian culture
Could practice traditions
61 separate census-designated zones
One of more recent
Hawaiian Homeland
Projects
Waianae
• Median household
income is $63,408
• 27 percent of its
residents identify as
Pacific Islander
• Eco-Friendly means less
on utilities
Kaupuni Village
Net-Zero Subsidized Housing
49-lot subdivision in Kekaha, Kaua’i
104-unit Village Leiali’i, Maui
Hawaii Civic Club (Social)
• Kuhio helped form the first Hawaiian Civic Club in 1918 as
an “effort to further perpetuate and rehabilitate the
Hawaiian people and their culture.”
• A civic club is “a type of organization whose official goal
is to improve neighborhoods through volunteer work by
its members”
• Hawaiian Civic Club now has 49
organizations across Hawaii
• The current mission statement is “To
malama our members, their families, and the
communities in which we live.”
• Most members are Hawaiian or people
striving to support the culture and heritage
of Native Hawaiians
Social Effects
• Social because civic club connects friends,
family, and Hawaiian people towards greater
causes.
• They communicate with each other and do
good for their communities.
• Many service days and special projects
Rededicated Ahu Pohaku
Community Service Events
Appropriations for Pearl Harbor (Economic)
• Use of Pearl Harbor had been given to the United States by
Kalakaua but nothing had been done to develop its potential
• While in Washington Kuhio went directly to President Theodore
to help him get the appropriation (ask for money) onto the floor
of Congress.
• Kuhio received a $27 milllion “appropriation” for the dredging
and constructing of Pearl Harbor and millions of other dollars for
the many army installations on Oahu
• He was placed on the Military Affairs Committee of the House
and became a great friends of the naval and army officers who
wanted to develop Hawaii as the Pacific outpost
Dredger
Dredged area of Pearl Harbor
Economic Effects
• In 2009 the Department of Defense spent a total of
6.527 billion dollars in Hawaii.
• 4.074 billion went to personnel in Hawaii
• 2.452 billion
was spent on
obtaining
equipment
and supplies
• There are 75,473 retirees in Hawaii who
receive benefits
• Over 365 million in retirement benefits per
year
Overthrow (Intellectual)
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•
•
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•
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High in councils of plotters of the revolution
Recruited as participant by John Wise
Helped attain financial pledges
Worked alongside Liliuokalani
Plan failed because of disloyalty
Many were arrested including Kūhiō
“Lifting American Flag of ‘Iolani Palace”
“Opposition to the overthrow of the
Kingdom of Hawaii”
Effects today
• Kūhiō, true royalty, standing up against the
Overthrow has shown that Hawaiians were against it
• Academically this rebellion is said to be one of the
first acts of resistance by Hawaiian people
• Led to a lot of other acts of resistance by Hawaiian
people up till today
• Has encouraged many more Hawaiians to stand up
for their beliefs and research
Role in Congress (Political)
• Democracy brought Kuhio home. He
immediately assumed the leadership the people
looked for from their ali‘i. He became a member
of the republican party.
• He held positions in the Congress for 10 terms
and also held positions in Home Rule party of
Hawaii.
• He became a member of the republican party.
• Kūhio was well respected throughout Hawaii for his leadership
skills and his ability to represent the Hawaiian people.
• This is shown by the ease in which he was able to serve high up in
the Home Rule Party of Hawaii even after being out of the
political scene for quite a long time. Also Kūhiō was elected
delegate to the U.S. Congress as a Republican. He served from
March 4, 1903 until his death, winning ten elections.
• Most important bill Kuhio was able to pass was the Hawaiian
Homes Commission Act.
• Also got appropriations (money) for the leper colony at
Kalaupapa, obtained increased federal aid for Hawaii’s
department of Education and gained a greater return on federal
revenue earned in Hawaii.
Himeni Ahahui O Kuhiō
E uli e, e na pokiʻi
E oʻu mau haku o ka ʻāina
E nā pua a ʻUmi me Liloa
E ui e, e ui nei
Eia mākou e Kalanianaʻole
E ke Liʻi Kuhiō
E oʻu mau haku makaʻāinana
Eia au e lokahi e
Hui:
Ko leo paoa mai nei
E paea mai nei
E na mamo a Kamehameha
E ō mai
E hili e ʻonia i paʻa
Lokahi i ka umauma
I lei hoʻohie no ka lanakila
Ke ui nei ke ui nei
Turn together, o younger
brothers O my lords of the
land O descendants of ʻUmi
and Liloa Turn, turn and
hearken Chorus: Your voice
reaches Reaches us O
children of
Kamehameha Respond
Here we are, O
Kalanianaʻole O Chief Kuhiō
and O my lords and
commoners Dwell in peace
entwined together Take a
firm stand Be of one
heart Wear the wreath of
victory Turn together and
heed
Political Effects
• First Hawaiian Congress Person
• Developed Relationships with political leaders in
Washington
• Instituted local government at the county level, creating
the county system still used today in Hawaiʻi.
• Hawaiian Homelands Commission act and the others that
followed continue to be controversial in contemporary
Hawaiian politics, and have been used to justify more
recent legislation like the Akaka Bill.
Hawai`i National Parks bill
(Geographical)
• Kuhio helped to obtain passage of the bill
that created Kilauea National Park. He
introduced the Hawai`i National Park bill
which establishing both Kilauea and
Haleakala areas as parklands.
• 12th National Park in America
Effects today
• Protects surrounding areas and ecological
areas.
• Gives sacred places respect
• Maintains many endangered Hawaiian species
in the unique habitats.
• Encompasses two of the world’s most active
volcanoes
Review Points
• Led Rebellion Against Republic of Hawaii
(Intellectual)
• Started first Hawaiian Civic Club (Social)
• Hawaii National Park Bill (Geographic)
• Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (Cultural)
• Appropriation for the Dredging and
Construction of Pearl Harbor (Economic)
Photo Citations
Prince Kuhio. Digital image. Auliiluau. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <http://auliiluau.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/PrinceKuhio.jpg>.
Lymburner, Jennifer. Digital image. Jenniferlymburner. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <https://jenniferlymburner.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/hi_annexation.jpg>.
Digital image. Pbs. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/426449640548884482/9y0-w07C_400x400.jpeg>.
Kekaha-beach. Digital image. Hawaiiforvisitors. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <http://www.hawaiiforvisitors.com/images/kauai/attractions/kekaha-beach-aerial-usacoe-500x327.jpg>.
Prince Kuhio Hawaii Civic Club. Digital image. Pkhcc. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <http://www.pkhcc.com/images/banner_main.jpg>.
Haiku-Valley. Digital image. Koolaupokohcc. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. <http://koolaupokohcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Haiku-Valley-2.jpg>.
DredgeTurbineinPearlHarbor. Digital image. Photobucket. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.
<http://s22.photobucket.com/user/Bager1968/media/misc%20ships/bases/DredgeTurbineinPearlHarbor.gif.html>.
Citations
Burgess, Kāwika K. Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole: Ke Keiki Aliʻi Hope Loa O Hawaiʻi Nei. Hilo, Hawaiʻi: Hale Kuamoʻo, 1998. Print.
Kamae, Lori Kuulei. The Empty Throne: A Biography of Hawaii's Prince Cupid. Honolulu: Topgallant Pub., 1980. Print.
Beers, William Henry. Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole. N.d. TS, Hawaii Pacific Collection. Kamehameha Schools Kapalama, n.p.
"Prince Kuhio Speaks to All." The Pacific Commercial Advertiser [Honolulu] 28 Oct. 1902: 1+. Print.
Pukui, Mary Kuulei. Himeni Ahahui O Kuhiō. N.d. Huapala. Web. 14 Sept. 2015. <http://www.huapala.org/Hi/Himeni_Ahahui_Kuhio.html>.
C42, Stat108 Cong., Dept. of Hawaiian Home Lands (1920) (enacted). Print. HAWAIIAN HOMES COMMISSION ACT, 1920
"Ko`olaupoko Hawaiian Civic Club." Koolaupoko Hawaiian Civic Club. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.
Fujimoto, Dennis. "Prince Kuhio Celebrated near His Birthplace in Koloa." Thegardenisland.com. N.p., 24 Mar. 2013. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.
Hosek, James R., Aviva Litovitz, and Adam C. Resnick. How Much Does Military Spending Add to Hawaii's Economy? Santa Monica, CA: Rand
Corporation, 2011. Web. 29 Sept. 2015.