Glucose
C C
C
Enzyme
C C
C
6
H
12
O
6
C
Mitochondrion
• Where?
In cytoplasm
• What happens?
A) Glucose (from our food) is broken down into 2 pyruvate
(2 - 3 carbon molecules)
B) 2 ATP molecules released for cellular processes

• Glycolysis
– Creates: 2 ATP & 2 Pyruvate
(2 - 3 carbon molecules)
– Leads to either:
1) Aerobic Respiration
• With oxygen present
• Kreb’s Cycle
• Electron transport chain
2) Anaerobic Respiration
• Without oxygen
• Fermentation
• Allows glycolysis to restart
ATP
ATP

Yeast perform alcoholic fermentation to make bread. Why isn’t bread alcoholic?
Alcohol evaporates in the baking process
During prolonged exercise, the oxygen you inhale mainly goes to your brain.
Your muscles are now lacking oxygen.
1) Massage
2) Bananas
3) Stretch after keep you going!
• Two Types of Fermentation (both anaerobic):
A) Lactic Acid fermentation
– Performed by animals when muscle cells are not receiving O
2
– Lactic acid waste created
B) Alcoholic fermentation
– Performed by yeast, some plants, bacteria
– Alcohol and CO
2 waste created

glycolysis glycolysis
Lactic acid
Alcohol
+ CO
2
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic Acid
• Location: Cytoplasm
• Amount of ATP created: Zero
• The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis
• Waste: Lactic acid
Alcoholic
• Location: Cytoplasm
• Amount of ATP created: Zero
• The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis
• Waste: Alcohol and CO
2

Glycolysis
Where?
In the cytoplasm
What happens?
• Glucose is split into 2 Pyruvate
(2 - 3 carbon molecules)
• 2 ATP created
Glycolysis restarts
Aerobic Respiration
Where?
In the mitochondria
Steps?
Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain
What happens?
2 Pyruvate
(2 - 3 carbon molecules) create up to 36 ATPs
Fermentation
Where?
In the cytoplasm
What happens?
• Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) are broken into either lactic acid or alcohol
• Molecules to restart glycolysis created (No ATP)

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1) Name the two types of fermentation.
2) How much ATP does glycolysis create?
3) How much ATP does fermentation create?
4) Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis?
5) A buildup of which molecule causes sore muscles?
6) Which waste molecules are created by alcoholic fermentation?
7) Which waste molecules are created by lactic acid fermentation?
8) Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean?
9) Why is aerobic (cellular) respiration preferred vs. fermentation?

1) Name the two types of fermentation.
• Lactic Acid and Alcoholic
2) How much ATP does glycolysis create?
• 2 ATP
3) How much ATP does fermentation create?
• ZERO ATP
4) Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis?
• Glucose
5) A buildup of which molecule causes sore muscles?
• Lactic Acid
6) Which waste molecules are created by alcoholic fermentation?
• Alcohol and CO
2
7) Which waste molecules are created by lactic acid fermentation?
• Lactic Acid
8) Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean?
• Anaerobic, which means the process does NOT require oxygen
9) Why is aerobic (cellular) respiration preferred vs. fermentation?
• Aerobic (cellular) respiration creates more ATP; specifically up to 36 ATP, while fermentation does not create any ATP, but allows glycolysis to continue.