Changes
during the
1920s and
1930s
Flu Pandemic 1918
• Cause:
– close quarters
– increased travel
• Effects:
– wasn’t isolated to one place
– struck down many previously healthy, young
people
– Life expectancy plummeted
1918 Flu Pandemic:
Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 –
100,000,000 died
Scientific Theories
• Albert Einstein
• Sigmund Freud
Albert Einstein
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1879-1955
German born
Jewish but non-practicing
Theoretical physicist
E=mc2 “the world’s most famous equation”
1921 Nobel Peace prize in physic
Visiting the U.S. when Hitler came to power
Wrote a letter to FDR
Worked at Princeton
Sigmund Freud
•
•
•
•
1856-1939
Austrian
Neurologist and Psychotherapy/analysis
Created therapeutic techniques
– Free association
– Transference
• Analyzed his dreams and patient’s dreams
• Controversial but influential within the field of
psychotherapy
Changes:
Music, Art and
Literature
–
–
–
–
Music
Igor Stravinsky
Russian, and later French and American,
composer, pianist and conductor.
He is widely considered one of the most important and influential
composers of the 20th century.
• Jazz
– foundation of Jazz
– Birth place
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDA
Cubism 1907 - 1914 AD
• Created
• What is it?
• Used sharp edged geometric shapes
Picasso Guernica 1937
Picasso Guernica 1937
• Was the centerpiece for the Spanish
Pavilion of the 1937 World's Fair.
• Civil war in Spain
• Picasso’s homeland
• He did not like overtly political art work
• April 27, 1937.
• Protesters hit the streets of Paris Picasso
went to his studio and started to work on
the mural
Ch’i Pai-shih
• His output reflects a
diversity of interests
and experience.
• His focus:
• favorite subjects:
• His
accomplishments:
Surrealism
• A literary and art movement inspired
by Freudianism
• Advocated the expression of
imagination revealed in dreams
– Most famous: Salvador Dali
Harlem Renaissance: Literature
• What Writers of the
Harlem
Renaissance wrote
about
• Famous Harlem
writers
A Dream Deferred
by Langston Hughes
What happens to a dream
deferred?
Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun?
Or fester like a sore-And then run?
Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar over-like a syrupy sweet?
Maybe it just sags
like a heavy load.
Or does it explode?
Literature—1920s
• It questioned the materialism of the
1920s.
• American authors
• Thus becoming expatriates
• Lost Generation.
The Lost Generation
F. Scott
Fitzgerald
Ernest
Hemingway
The Lost Generation
T. S.
Eliot
Gertrude
Stein
James Joyce
Changes:
Entertainment
& Mass Media
Entertainment
• Radio
• It allowed for the nation to share news AS it
happened.
• The invention in radio also helped spread
appreciation for tends in new music especially
jazz and promoted a shared culture.
Entertainment continued
• Movies
• The first movie with sound
• Movies portrayed materialism and sometimes
racist themes such as in Birth of a Nation.
Rise in Sports Culture
In the 1920s, soccer was big in America
Babe Ruth
Modern day Olympics
Olympics had not been around for 1500 years!
Golf becomes a popular past time
Changes:
Architecture
International Style 1920s - 1940's
• A style of architecture applied to residences
and public buildings
• minimalist in concept
• Elements of the style
Architecture
• Louis Sullivan
• "father of skyscrapers"
• Lloyd Wright
Changes:
Role of
Women
Increasing role of women
• Why did their role increase?
– WWI
– 19th Amendment
– Activism
• The flapper
– look
– actions
– impact on society
• Work
• Voting