Periodic table
Tommy Mai
Periodic Table
Au/Gold
• It is the most malleable and ductile metal
• Gold is usually alloyed in jewellery to give it
more strength
• 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to
300 square feet
• Two thirds of the world's supply comes from
South Africa
Fe/Iron
• Iron is a relatively abundant element in the
universe
• The pure metal is not often encountered in
commerce
• The pure metal is very reactive chemically, and
rapidly corrodes
• Iron metal is a silvery, lustrous metal which
has important magnetic properties.
P/Phosphorus
• It is an essential component of living systems
and is found in nervous tissue
• Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid.
When pure, it is colorless and transparent
• It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon
disulphide
• It catches fire spontaneously in air, burning to
P4O10, often misnamed as phosphorus
pentoxide
Ti/Titanium
• Titanium is a lustrous, white metal when pure
• Titanium minerals are quite common
• Titanium is resistant to dilute sulphuric and
hydrochloric acid, most organic acids, damp
chlorine gas, and chloride solutions
• Titanium metal is considered to be
physiologically inert
N/Nitrogen
• When nitrogen is heated, it combines directly
with magnesium
• Nitrogen is a Group 15 element
• Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the
atmosphere by volume but the atmosphere of
Mars contains less than 3% nitrogen
• Nitrogen is "fixed" from the atmosphere by
bacteria in the roots of certain plants such as
clover
S/Sulfur
• Jupiter's moon Io owes its colors to various
forms of sulfur
• Sulphur (sulfur) is a pale yellow, odorless,
brittle solid, which is insoluble in water but
soluble in carbon disulphide
• Sulphur is essential to life
• It is insidious in that it quickly deadens the
sense of smell
Li/Lithium
• Lithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing
just a single valence electron (1s22s1). Group
1 elements are called "alkali metals".
• Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminium and
magnesium for light-weight alloys, and is also
used in batteries, some greases, some glasses,
and in medicine.
Ne/Neon
• Neon is a very inert element
• Neon forms an unstable hydrate
• In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows
reddish orange
• Of all the rare gases, the discharge of neon is
the most intense at ordinary voltages and
currents
Be/Beryllium
• Beryllium is a Group 2 (IIA) element
• Its chemistry is dominated by its tendency to
lose an electron to form Be2+
• As this ion is so small it is highly polarizing, to
the extent that its compounds are rather
covalent
• Beryllium compounds are very toxic
Ca/Calcium
• Calcium as the element is a grey silvery metal
• The metal is rather hard. Calcium is an
essential constituent of leaves, bones, teeth,
and shells
• Calcium is classified chemically as one of the
alkaline earth elements (that is, in Group 2 of
the periodic table
U/Uranium
• Uranium is of great interest because of
its application to nuclear power and
nuclear weapons
• Uranium contamination is an emotive
environmental problem
• It is not particularly rare and is more
common than beryllium or tungsten for
instance
H/Hydrogen
• Hydrogen is the lightest element
• It is by far the most abundant element in the
universe and makes up about 90% of the
universe by weight
• Hydrogen as water (H2O) is absolutely
essential to life and it is present in all organic
compounds
He/Helium
• Helium is one of the so-called noble gases
• Helium gas is an unreactive, colorless, and
odorless monoatomic gas. Helium is available
in pressurized tanks
• Helium is used in lighter than air balloons and
while heavier than hydrogen, is far safer since
helium does not burn
B/Boron
• Boron is a Group 13 element that has
properties which are borderline between
metals and non-metals (semimetallic).
• It is a semiconductor rather than a metallic
conductor. Chemically it is closer to silicon
than to aluminium, gallium, indium, and
thallium.
Xe/Xenon
• Xenon is a "noble" or "inert" gas present in
the atmosphere to a small extent.
• Xenon is present in the Martian atmosphere
to the extent of about 0.08 ppm
• Before 1962, it was generally assumed that
xenon and other noble gases were unable to
form compounds
Kr/Krypton
• Krypton is present in the air at about 1 ppm
• It is characterized by its brilliant green and
orange spectral lines
• The spectral lines of krypton are easily
produced and some are very sharp
• In 1960 it was internationally agreed that the
fundamental unit of length, the metre, should
be defined as 1 m = 1,650,763.73 wavelengths
(in vacuo) of the orange-red line of Kr-33.
Na/Sodium
• Sodium is a Group 1 element (or IA in older
labeling styles)
• Group 1 elements are often referred to as the
"alkali metals“
• The chemistry of sodium is dominated by the +1
ion Na+
• Sodium salts impart a characteristic
orange/yellow colour to flames and orange street
lighting is orange because of the presence of
sodium in the lamp.
K/Potassium
• Potassium is a metal and is the seventh most
abundant and makes up about 1.5 % by
weight of the earth's crust
• Potassium is an essential constituent for plant
growth and it is found in most soils.
• Potassium is never found free in nature, but is
obtained by electrolysis of the chloride or
hydroxide, much in the same manner as
prepared by Davy
Ni/Nickel
• Nickel is found as a constituent in most
meteorites and often serves as one of the
criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from
other minerals
• Iron meteorites, or siderites, may contain iron
alloyed with from 5 to nearly 20% nickel
• The USA 5-cent coin (whose nickname is
"nickel") contains just 25% nickel
Ra/Radium
• Pure metallic radium is brilliant white when
freshly prepared, but blackens on exposure to
air, probably due to formation of the nitride
• Radium emits α, β, and γ rays and when mixed
with beryllium produces neutrons.
• Inhalation, injection, or body exposure to
radium can cause cancer and other body
disorders
Fr/Francium
• Francium occurs as a result of α disintegration
of actinium
• Francium is found in uranium minerals, and
can be made artificially by bombarding
thorium with protons
• The longest lived isotope, 223Fr, a daughter of
227Ac, has a half-life of 22 minutes
Sr/Strontiumm
• Strontium does not occur as the free element.
• Strontium is softer than calcium and
decomposes water more vigorously
• Freshly cut strontium has a silvery
appearance, but rapidly turns a yellowish
color with the formation of the oxide
• The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously
in air
V/Vanadium
• Pure vanadium is a greyish silvery metal, and
is soft and ductile.
• It has good corrosion resistance to alkalis,
sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and salt waters
• The metal oxidizes readily above 660°C to
form V2O5. Industrially, most vanadium
produced is used as an additive to improve
steels
Hg/Mercury
• Mercury is the only common metal liquid at
ordinary temperatures
• Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver
• It rarely occurs free in nature and is found
mainly in cinnabar ore (HgS) in Spain and Italy
• It is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal
• It is a rather poor conductor of heat as
compared with other metals but is a fair
conductor of electricity
Lu/Lutetium
• Pure metallic lutetium has been isolated only
in recent years and is one of the more difficult
to prepare
• It can be prepared by the reduction of
anhydrous LuCl3 or LuF3 by an alkali or
alkaline earth metal.
• The metal is silvery white and relatively stable
in air