CSE 590W
Spring 2009
Richard Ladner
University of Washington
1

TV Raman
Christian Vogler
2

Chieko Asakawa
IBM Japan
Hideji Nagaoka
Tsukuba U. of Tech
3

Iraq War Veteran
Jonathan Kuniholm
4

Geerat Vermeij, Ph.D.
Evolutionary Biologist
5

6

UW
Students
Sangyun Hahn
Ph.D. Student
CSE
Zach Lattin
Math Major
7
5

• People with disabilities can do almost anything in almost any scientific field.
• People with disabilities are often highly motivated to pursue careers in accessibility research.
8

• Models of Disability
• Data
• History – Disability and HCI
• Accessibility Research at UW
• Discussion
9

• Medical Model
– Disabled people are patients who need treatment and/or cure.
• Rehabilitation Model
– Disabled people need assistive technology for employment and everyday life.
• Legal Model
– Disabled people are citizens who have rights and responsibilities like other citizens. Accessibility to public buildings and spaces, voting, television, and telephone are some of those rights.
• Social Model
– Disabled people are part of the diversity of life, not necessarily in need of treatment and cure. They do need access when possible.
10

• Prosthesis
– Augmentation to restore lost function. Call it a “cure.”
• Assistive technology
– Popular in rehabilitation literature. Emphasis on the need for assistance.
• Access technology
– Allows an activity that would be difficult to impossible to achieve without it. Emphasis not on restoring function, but on achieving an end goal by whatever means possible.
– Examples: Screen readers, video phones, wheel chairs
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• Models of Disability
• Data
• History – Disability and HCI
• Accessibility Research at UW
• Discussion
12

• 16% of US population to ages 15 to 64 is disabled.
• 10% of the workforce is disabled
• 5% of the STEM workforce is disabled
• 1% of PhDs in STEM are disabled
13

Number (in thousands)
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
With a disability Difficulty seeing Difficulty hearing Difficulty with speech
Difficulty walking/using stairs
Learning disability
Percent
18
16
14
12
10
4
2
0
8
6
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2002
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Number
Percent

Percent
100
80
60
40
20
Specific learning disabilities
Visual impairments
Hearing impairments
Orthopedic impairments
Multiple
Other
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, www.ideadata.org
15

• Models of Disability
• Data
• History – Disability and HCI
• Accessibility Research at UW
• Discussion
16

• Year Number
• 1982 – 85 0
• 1986 – 90 10 (4%)
• 1990 – 95 15 (5%)
• 1996 – 00 20 (6%)
• 2001 – 05 90 (23%)
• 2006 – 08 71 (17%) (3 years)
17

• “A case example of human factors in product definition: needs finding for a voice output workstation for the blind”
– Richard M. Kane, Matthew Yuschik
• “A user interface for deaf-blind people”
– Richard Ladner, Randy Day, Dennis Gentry, Karin
Meyer, Scott Rose
• “Towards universality of access: interfacing physically disabled students to the Icon educational microcomputer”
– Gerbrand Verburg, Debbie Field, Francois St. Pierre,
Stephen Naumann
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• ASSETS
– ACM
• ICCHP
– Europe
• CSUN
– Cal State Northridge
• ATIA
– Industry Conference
• W4A
– Collocated with WWW
19

• Models of Disability
• Data
• History – Disability and HCI
• Accessibility Research at UW
• Discussion
20

• Richard Ladner (CSE)
• Dan Weld (CSE)
• James Landay (CSE)
• Gaetano Borriello (CSE)
• Yoky Matsuoka (CSE)
• Jake Wobbrock (Information School)
• Eve Riskin (EE)
• Mari Ostendorf (EE)
• Jeff Bilmes (EE)
• Julie Kientz (ISchool and TC)
• Shwetak Patel (CSE,EE)
21

• Shawn Kane*
• Sangyun Hahn*
• Zack Lattin*
• Lindsay Yazzolino*
• Stewart Olsen*
• Matt Starn
• Jason Schwebke
• Annemarie Poginy*
• Tim Shockley*
• Jessie Shulman *
• Andy Martin*
• Barbara Wagreich* *Co-authors
22

2007-8 National Scholar Award for
Workplace Innovation & Design, 2 nd place
Susumu Harada, Jeff Bilmes, James Landay
23

- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Technology Collaboration (2008)
- Microsoft Imagine Cup Accessible
Technology Award (2008)
- W4A Accessibility Challenge
Delegate’s Award (2008)
Jeff Bigham
24

CHI 2008
Best Paper Award
Krzysztof Z Gajos, Jacob O. Wobbrock and Daniel S. Weld.
25

ANATOMICALLY CORRECT TESTBED
ROBOTIC HAND
Yoky Matsuoka
MacArthur Foundation Award 2007
26

• University of Wisconsin
– TRACE Center
• Carnegie Mellon University / University of
Pittsburgh
– Quality of Life Center
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• University of Colorado
• MIT
27

• Models of Disability
• Data
• History – Disability and HCI
• Accessibility Research at UW
• Discussion
28

• User Centered Design
– Involve the user at every step
• Universal Design
– Design for all users, if possible
• Design for User Empowerment
– Design to enable people to solve their own accessibility problems, if possible
29

• Lab
+ Log every event, maybe even mental activity
+ Control the variables
+ Same tasks
- Limited time
- Applicability may be suspect
• Field
+ Log many events, but not all
+ Unlimited time
+ Applicability assured
- Different tasks
- User logging might be inaccurate
30

• Fitts’ Law for blind people
– Original Fitts’ law is actual a psycho-visualmotor law not just a psycho-motor law as claimed.
– Could lead to a better screen reader?
• Purpose of Research
– Publication?
– Dissemination and Deployment?
31

Meaningful
Access Technology
Researchers
32