Cells
Basic Units of structure
and function of Life
The Cell
 The Cell Theory
 All organisms have cells
 Three Parts of the theory
1)All organisms are made of one
or more cells
2)The cell is the basic unit of all
living things
3)All cells come from existing
cells
Eukaryotic Cells – Have a
nucleus
Prokaryotic Cells – Do NOT
have a Nucleus!
Does It Have A Nucleus Or Not?
Prokaryote- A single celled
organism that does not have
a nucleus. Example: Bacteria
Eukaryote- an organism that
has a nucleus enclosed by a
membrane. Example: Plants
and Animals, Fungi, Protists
PARTS OF A CELL
•Cells are the
smallest
living parts
in organisms
•Basic unit of
structure
and function
CELL MEMBRANE
All cells have a cell
membrane.
Thin layer of tissue that
forms the barrier
between the cytoplasm &
the environment outside
the cell. “the skin”
CELL MEMBRANE
•Acts like a
gatekeeper
•Controls
what
substances
come into
and out of a
cell
•Protects the
cell
ORGANELLES
•Structures within the
cytoplasm
•Each one has a specific
job or jobs
•Most are surrounded by
a membrane
NUCLEOLUS pg. 70
Nucleolus- small
object floating
inside nucleus.
This is where
ribosomes are made.
NUCLEUS (pg. 70)
•An organelle
that contains
the cell’s
DNA and that
has a role in
processes such
as growth,
metabolism,
and
reproduction.
• The BRAIN of
the Cell….The
Control
Center….
CYTOPLASM
•Gel-like
material
inside the
cell
membrane
and outside
the nucleus.
•Contains
Organelles
Unlike gelatin, the
cytoplasm is
constantly moving.
Jello
represents the
cytoplasm and
the
fruit
represents the
organelles.
Cytoskeleton (pg 70)
•Cytoskeleton – A web of
proteins that makes the
cell stable. It acts like
muscles and a skeleton
for the cell.
This is what the
cytoskeleton looks like!!!!
MITOCHONDRIA (pg. 72)
•Rod-shaped
structures
• Produce most of
the energy a cell
needs to carry
Energy
out its functions
Producers
•Turn GLUCOSE
into ENERGY!
ATP……
Pictures of Mitochondria
MITOCHONDRIA (pg. 72)
•Mitochondria are where
cellular respiration takes
place.
• Oxygen + Glucose
Carbon dioxide + Water and ENERGY
RIBOSOMES (pg. 71)
•Make proteins
•Smallest of all
organelles
•All cells have ribosomes
•Like a protein factory
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (pg. 71)
•Series of maze-like passageways
•Attaches to the nuclear
membrane
•Smooth ER- (Does not have
Ribosomes) Makes lipids
•Rough ER(Has Ribosomes…Makes proteins)
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
-Internal
delivery
system that
carries
proteins &
other
materials from
one part of the
cell to
another.
-The ER is like a
system of
conveyors
moving materials
from one place to
another.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GOLGI COMPLEX (Pg. 73)
•Looks like a flattened
collection of sacs &
tubes
•Receives proteins &
other newly formed
materials from the ER
GOLGI COMPLEX
•Packages
proteins &
releases
them into
the cell and
outside the
cell.
•Cell’s
mailroom
Golgi Complex
LYSOSOMES
•Small round
structures
•Contain
powerful
digestive
enzymes that
Acts as a wrecking break down
food
particles,
ball that breaks
wastes, and cell
apart wastes;
parts
cleaning crew.
•Animal cells
Lysosomes
PLANT CELLS
•Have a few extra
organelles that function
somewhat differently
Large Central Vacuole
•Large, round,
water-filled sac
•Most plant cells
have one large
central vacuole
•Stores food,
water and
waste
•Like a Storage
Tank…..
Large Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts (pg 27)
•Capture energy
from the
sunlight and
use it to
produce food
for the cell.
•Chlorophyll
gives plants
their green
color.
Chloroplasts have
chlorophyll that soaks
up energy from the
sun and uses it to
produce
food…photosynthesis.
Chloroplast Pictures
Chloroplasts (pg 72)
•Photosynthesis takes place in
chloroplasts.
light Energy
•Carbon dioxide + Water
Oxygen + Glucose
CELL WALL
Rigid layer of
material
called
cellulose
that
surrounds
the cells of
plants.
A rigid
structure
outside the cell
membrane that
supports &
protects the cell.
Cell Walls
BACTERIAL CELLS
•Usually smaller
than plant &
animal cells
•Have a cell wall,
cell membrane,
ribosomes,
cytoplasm, &
genetic
material.
•Does NOT
contain a
nucleus so it is
a
PROKARYOTE
Prokaryotic Cell – Does
NOT have a Nucleus!
Compare/Contrast Animal,
Plant, & Bacterial Cells
Feature
Prokaryotic or
Eukaryotic
Cell
Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Chlorophyll
Vacuoles
Plant Cells Animals
Bacterial