Cells
The Inside Story
The Cell Membrane

All cells have outer
coverings to separate
the inside from the
outside.
 The Job



To keep cytoplasm
inside
To allow nutrients and
waste products out
To interact with things
outside the cell
Cell Wall





Plants and algae have cell
walls
The cell wall is found
outside of the cell
membrane.
The Job
The cell wall provides
protection, support, and
shape to the plant cell.
The cell wall is made up of a
polysaccharide (a type of
carbohydrate like starch)
called cellulose.
The Nucleus

Largest and most visible
organelle
 The Job - The control
center of the cell
Stores DNA (which has
information on making
proteins which are vital to
cell life
The dark spot inside is a
nucleolus
The Job – Make
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
The Job – to make proteins.
The smallest organelle but there are A LOT
of them in a cell
All cells need proteins to live so . . .
ALL CELLS HAVE RIBOSOMES
Ribosomes are not covered with a
membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)


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
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Membrane covered organelle
The Job – make lipids (fats)
Break down drugs and
chemicals that could damage
a cell
Moves things in the cell like a
tunnel
Rough ER has ribosomes on
it
Mitochondria
The Job – Make ATP
that a cell uses to
release energy
 Bean shaped
 Mitochondria need
oxygen to make ATP.
 More active cells
have more
mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Also convert energy
for plants and algae
 Contain greencolored chlorophyll
 Chlorophyll uses the
sun’s energy to make
sugar. This is
photosynthesis
 The mitochondria
then use this sugar to
make ATP
The Golgi Complex
The Job – To process
and ship proteins and
materials out of the
cell
 Receives material
from the ER
 Looks like ER, but is
closer to the cell
membrane

Vacuoles

Membrane covered
chamber
 The Job - stores
water and other
liquids and provides
support.
 May contain colored
liquids or juices found
in fruits
 Found in plant cells
Lysosomes

Membrane covered
compartments (called
vesicles) that contain
enzymes.
 The Job - Enzymes
break down or
dissolve particles like
waste products, worn
out organelles,
foreign invaders and
cells.
Can You Identify Cell Structures?
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3
a1/cells/cellquiz.htm