Expands
England
France – both
modern &
wealthy
Russia – poor,
mostly farmers
Trans-Sahara Trade
Capital renamed
Istanbul
United by Islam
Songhai –
wealth from
Gold-Salt
Trade
Goods: Paper, silk,
compass
Coffee, ceramics,
numeral system
Silk Road
Aztecs
Inca
Emperor controls
trade with
enclaves
Taj Mahal
Islamic influence
Trade silk, spices,
gems, & textiles in
European trading
posts
Emperor
controlled
by shogun –
military
leader
Isolated
from
outside
influence
Mona Lisa
Rebirth of classical
knowledge
by Leonardo da
Vinci
Renaissance man
Begins in Italian city-states
Sistine Chapel
Spreads to Northern Europe
By Michelangelo –
realist painter &
sculptor
Humanism – focus on
human values and
accomplishments,
learning
Shakespeare
English playwright,
poet of Northern
Renaissance
Machiavelli – The Prince
Martin Luther
Salvation by faith alone
Italians dominate
All humans equal before
God
Corruption and sale of
indulgences
Posts 95 Theses
(problems) on church
door
Huge wealth &
influence of merchants
Begins Protestant
movement
Henry VIII of England
–
Pope in Rome
English church
property as his
Elizabeth I
Anglican Church
John Calvin
Predestination
What will happen to you
Protestant movement
Dissenters
Spanish Armada
Colonies
Princes
Edict of Nantes
remains Catholic
Calvinists in France
30 Years War
John Wycliffe
Makes 30 Years War political
Jan Huss
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Council of Trent
individualism
secularism
Religious toleration
Printing press
Higher literacy, spreads new ideas
Inquisition
Vasco da Gama
Portugal
Sails around Africa to create trade route to India
Columbus
Spain
Reaches the New World, decimates indigenous Americans
Magellan
Spain
His crew 1st to sail around the world, he dies in Philippines
Hernan Cortes
Spain
Conquistador, conquered the Aztecs in Central Mexico
Francisco Pizarro
Spain
Conquistador, conquered the Inca in Peru
Francis Drake
England
Privateer, sailed around the world, defeated Spanish Armada
Jacques Cartier
France
Reached Canada and claimed it for France
Europe
Europeans
Prince Henry of Portugal
pioneers exploration
Horses, cattle, diseases that kill
many Indians
Demand for gold
America
Competition for colonies
Rigid class system
lifestyles completely
leads to slavery
Plantation
Colonies imitate
mother country
Christianity
economy and environment
Africa
European trading ports
Slaves & gold exported
Christianity spreads
Western Hemisphere – Native Americans
Corn, potatoes, tobacco
Economic practice, colonies benefit mother country
banking system & money for markets
Centralize Power – take
all of it for themselves
France
Louis XIV
Rule by Divine Right –
God’s will
Builds palace
of Versailles
Spends to
expand royal
power
Russia
Peter the
Great
Westernizes
Russia
Builds St.
Petersburg
Ignores Parliament, raises taxes
Puritan military leader
Takes nobles
power
Ignores Parliament, raises taxes
Puritan military leader
Grants rights
and freedoms to Englishmen
Cromwell dies and Charles II
restores the monarchy to England
Fights with Parliament
Factions
modern
Royal power
Eventual democracy & America’s gov
Peaceful, bloodless revolution
William
Mary
share power equally
political parties
with Parliament
Applies reason to human & natural world,
stimulates religious tolerance and new government
Leviathan
Government must protect
our life, liberty, & property
John Locke
Montesquieu
Humans exist in nature
Government protects us
The Spirit of Laws
Social Contract
Government is a contract
between people and ruler
Religious toleration,
separation of church &
state
Voltaire
Thomas
Jefferson
Declaration of
Independence
Concertos,
fugues
Mozart
Symphonies,
operas
Eugene
Delacroix
Miguel Cervantes
Baroque
composer
Romantic
painter
Don Quixote
Copernicus – developed heliocentric theory
Isaac Newton
Discovered
laws of gravity
Kepler – Discovered planetary motion
William Harvey
Discovered
blood
circulation
Galileo
Used telescope to support
heliocentric theory
Reason and observation lead to scientific method
Enlightenment
Ideas on
government
Bastille
starts the Revolution
Napoleon
Conquer Europe
Napoleonic Code
Terror
The success of
the American
Revolution
Absolute monarchy
takes power, uses
guillotine to
execute
Congress of Vienna
Power
Map of Europe
Political philosophies
(Liberal/Conservative)
outposts of control for Europe
1823 President Monroe
Latin America is independent
Catholicism
mother countries
Mining
Threat to America’s peace & safety
Viceroys
Toussaint L’Ouvture
Mexico City 
Havana 
France in war
slavery in Haiti (1st one)
Miguel Hidalgo
1810-1821
Lima 
Enlightenment
liberated northern
Creole from Venezuela
Class system (Creoles,
Mestizos, Natives)
Buenos
Aires 
 Sao Paulo
National pride in your
country’s interests
Germans & Italy
unhappy with result
Congress of Vienna
Unsuccessful
revolutions in 1848
Great Britain expands
political rights
Leads the Red Shirts in joining
Northern & Southern Italy
Uses nationalism to unify
Northern Italy
In Rome are the last to join
and unify the country of Italy
Nationalism
Franco-Prussian War
England
Natural resources (coal, iron), stable
government, steam engine
Increased education
Harsh working conditions
Better standard of living
Factory system ends
cottage industries
Better transportation
Urbanization - more cities
Pollution & poor housing
Enclosure movement
James Watt
Steam Engine
James Hargreaves
Spinning jenny – used in England’s textile factories
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin –demand for labor leads to slavery
Henry Bessemer Process for making strong, cheap steel
Edward Jenner
Louis Pasteur
Smallpox vaccine
Discovers bacteria & cause of sickness
Directly ruled by
foreign power
(America – 13 colonies)
Country protected by
another 1 (Hawaii)
Nationalism – competition
for power & wealth
European conflicts brought
to colonies
Industrial Revolution –
demand for natural
resources and markets
Dutch & British set up
trading ports in India
Region where 1 country gets
trading rights (China)
Built in Egypt to cut
travel time to India, England controls it
Held in 1884,
European Powers divide up Africa for
themselves
Christian missionaries
convert natives to
Christianity
Matthew Perry
1854
East India Company
America
Built in Egypt to cut
travel time to India, England controls it
Matthew Perry
1854
Held in 1884,
European Powers divide up Africa for
themselves
East India Company
America
Spheres of Influence
Great Britain
Indian National Congress
& pushes for independence
Foreigners
Boxer
Boxers – attack US merchants
mperialism
lliances
ilitarism
Europe divided into
competing groups
Central – Germany
Allies – England,
France, Russia
Assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand of
Austria starts the war
Competition for
colonies, resources,
and markets
Zimmerman Note makes
America join on Allied side
Russian Revolution forces Russia to
leave the war & sign treaty
ationalism
Balkan Peninsula –
powder keg of
ethnic tension
Many diplomatic
failures
Armistice signed &
Treaty of Versailles
ends the war
Woodrow Wilson
America’s president
Wanted to stay out
of WWI
Created 14 Points
plan for peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Germany’s leader
Loses empire
after the war to
the Allies
League of Nations
Alliance
Forces Germany to
accept guilt for war
Independence
for helping
Puts limit on
Europeans
Germany’s military fight in WWI
future wars
Ottoman Empire &
Middle east
America
weakness
England
France
Japan
Landless peasants
Tsar Nicholas
WWI
New Economic Policy
Bolsheviks
Vladimir Lenin
Stalin
Communist
5 Year Plans
Soviet
Secret police
Union
farms
Great Purge
German reparations
High protective tariffs
Americans using credit
1929 Stock
Market Crash
unemployment
banks
prices
inflation
political
Adolf Hitler
Anti-semitism
National Socialism
– Nazi Party
Invades & Occupies
neighboring
countries
Joseph Stalin
Leads Soviet Union
Communist
Signs nonaggression
pact with
Hitler
not to
fight
Benito
Mussolini
Leads
Fascist Party
Wants to return Italy
to glory of Rome
Invades Ethiopia in
show of force
Hideki Tojo & Hirohito
Militarism
Industrializes Japan
Invade Korea, Manchuria,
China for raw materials
Giving in to avoid war at
the Munich Conference
Poland
France
Nazis
Britain
air
Germany
Japan
England over Nazis
Soviet Union
non-aggression pact
America
Hideki Tojo & Hirohito
Militarism
Industrializes Japan
Invade Korea, Manchuria,
China for raw materials
America’s
president at the start of WWII
President when FDR
dies, orders a-bomb dropped
England’s prime
minister who stands up to Nazis
Supreme Allied
commander of all allied forces
US general in charge
of the battle in Asia/Pacific
D-Day
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
1930s-1940s
Cambodia
Adolf Hitler’s
Final Solution
Political
Joseph
enemies,
Stalin &
intellectuals secret police
Soviet
Union
Rwanda
Jews, nonAryans, disabled
Hutu militia
1994
1970’s
Artists, enemies,
intellectuals
Nuremburg
Tokyo
Nazis
Japanese war
criminals (Tojo)
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights – UN statement of basic
rights all humans deserve
Superpowers
Marshall
Plan
US occupies under
Gen. MacArthur
Japan now a
US gives $$ to
powerful,
democracies to
wealthy ally
prevent
communism
the Soviet Union
America
Democracy & free market capitalism
Soviet Union
Communism & state control
NATO – military alliance of democracies
Warsaw Pact – military alliance
Support West Germany & Berlin
Take over East Germany, wall off Berlin
Yalta Conference
England,
Soviet Union America
Eastern Europe as satellite nations
Iron Curtain
Truman’s Doctrine
Deterrent to war
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai Shek
communist
nationalists
Taiwan
Communist
democratic
China
USA & NATO
Divided in 2 today
France
Ho Chi Minh
Contain
Vietnam is all communist
Economic
military
Nationalism
NATO
military alliance
Berlin Wall
Union
Estonia
Latvia
Indian Subcontinent
Middle East
Africa
Led non-violent
Israeli Prime
led violent
protest against British rule Minister led Israel in Yom struggle against English
Kippur War
became 1st
rule in Kenya
prime minister after
Egypt’s
First black
Gandhi’s assassination
president, nationalized Suez president of South Africa,
Developed
Canal, built Aswan Dam &
nuclear program and
fought against apartheid
allied with Soviets
allied with Soviets
Group
After WWI used to control
led by Gandhi that fought
territories in Mideast
for independence
prohibited Mandate power in Syria &
discrimination (caste
Lebanon
system)
Mandate power in Jordan &
Palestine
Gives power of selfdetermination to African
colonies
imperial rule
by Europeans & economic
exploitation
England divided
India by religion with
Muslims in Pakistan
Fights for
independence from France
Created after WWII out of
Palestine
peaceful
transitions to independence
today the
world’s largest democracy
federal
system gives most power
to states in India
has
eased financial problems
Differences
create conflicts in
Palestine, Israel, etc
violent fight for
independence
long struggle
against apartheid
(Segregation)
1. High Literacy rate
2. Low fertility rate
(babies per mother)
3. Slow or no population
growth
4. Freemarket economies
5. Large middle class
6. Political freedom
1.
High Birth rates = rapid growth
2.
Low literacy rates
3.
Little access to health care
4.
Poverty
5.
Poor health
Ethnic & religious conflict
Climate change
illiteracy
Pollution
rapid growth
Terrorism
Refugees
countries
Guest workers
Global peace
keeping organization
lends money
to developing nations at a cost
free trade agreement
between US, Canada, & Mexico
Global
organization promoting free trade
- common currency and
easier borders in Europe
temporary
•
•
•
•
•
Munich Olympics
9/11 attacks
Car bombings
Suicide bombers
Airline hijackers
Surveillance
Review of privacy rights
Security at ports and airports
Identification badges and photos
Israel,
India &
China,
South Asia India, Asia America
Billion
Vedas
Millions
4 Noble
Truths
Millions
Torah –
written
record of
Hebrew
beliefs
Middle East
& Africa
Billions
Koran
(Qur’an)
North &
South
America,
Europe
Billions
New
Testament
India &
Pakistan
Catholics &
China & Arab – Israeli
Arab-Israeli Protestants
conflict
–
Yom
freedom of
Kippur War conflict – in N. Ireland
religion
over Israel Middle East
Karma –
Jesus as son
knowledge Enlightenment
10
of God
5 Pillars –
–
spiritual
that all
Commandments basic acts of
happiness Guide moral &
thoughts &
faith for all
Councils
religious
actions have
Muslims
agree on
conduct
consequences
8 Fold Path –
Church
Mecca &
steps you take
doctrine
Reincarnation
Medina – holy
to reach
– rebirth
sites Muslims
Enlightenment
based on
should
karma
pilgrimage to