Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: <<F0174>>/<<Audit Lap-Keuangan SIABK>>
: <<2005>>
: <<1/0>>
Pertemuan 15
Kertas Kerja & Program/Rencana
Audit
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Menghasilkan suatu kertas kerja audit
• Menghasilkan program kerja audit
dalam rangka audit laporan keuangan dengan
SIA berbasis komputer (TIK-8)
2
PLANNING
• PREPLAN
– CLIENT ACCEPTANCE OR CONTINUATION
• INVESTIGATION
– REASONS FOR AUDIT
– ENGAGEMENT LETTER
– SELECT STAFF
3
• OBTAIN BACKGROUND INFORMATION
– KNOWLEDGE OF CLIENT INDUSTRY
– TOUR CLIENT FACILITIES
– IDENTIFY RELATED PARTIES
– NEED FOR SPECIALISTS
• CLIENT LEGAL OBLIGATIONS
– CHARTER AND BYLAWS
– MINUTES OF MEETINGS
– CONTARCTS
• PRELIMINARY ANALYTICAL REVIEW
4
WORKING PAPERS
• PURPOSES OF WORKING PAPERS
– PLANNING AUDIT
– RECORD EVIDENCE GATHERED
– BASIS FOR AUDIT REPORT
– BASIS FOR REVIEW
• CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION
– PERMANENT FILES
– CURRENT FILES
5
– WORKING TRIAL BALANCE
• GROUPED TRIAL BALANCE
– LEAD SCHEDULES
• FOR EACH MAJOR CATEGORY, LISTING OF ALL
ACCOUNTS OF THAT TYPE
– ADJUSTING AND RECLASSIFICATION ENTRIES
– SUPPORTING SCHEDULES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ANALYSIS
TRIAL BALANCE OR LIST
RECONCILIATION
TEST OF REASONABLENESS
SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES
SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS
OUTSIDE DOCUMENTATION
6
• PREPARATION OF WORKING PAPERS
– HEADING
– INDEXING AND CROSS-REFERENCING
– INDICATE AUDIT WORK PERFORMED
– TICK MARKS
– OBJECTIVE OF PREPARING WORK
PAPER
– CONCLUSIONS
• OWNERSHIP OF WORK PAPERS
• CONFIDENTIALITY
7
PLANNING
• PREPLAN
– CLIENT ACCEPTANCE OR CONTINUATION
• INVESTIGATION
– REASONS FOR AUDIT
– ENGAGEMENT LETTER
– SELECT STAFF
8
• OBTAIN BACKGROUND INFORMATION
– KNOWLEDGE OF CLIENT INDUSTRY
– TOUR CLIENT FACILITIES
– IDENTIFY RELATED PARTIES
– NEED FOR SPECIALISTS
• CLIENT LEGAL OBLIGATIONS
– CHARTER AND BYLAWS
– MINUTES OF MEETINGS
– CONTARCTS
• PRELIMINARY ANALYTICAL REVIEW
9
WORKING PAPERS
• PURPOSES OF WORKING PAPERS
– PLANNING AUDIT
– RECORD EVIDENCE GATHERED
– BASIS FOR AUDIT REPORT
– BASIS FOR REVIEW
• CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION
– PERMANENT FILES
– CURRENT FILES
10
– WORKING TRIAL BALANCE
• GROUPED TRIAL BALANCE
– LEAD SCHEDULES
• FOR EACH MAJOR CATEGORY, LISTING OF ALL
ACCOUNTS OF THAT TYPE
– ADJUSTING AND RECLASSIFICATION ENTRIES
– SUPPORTING SCHEDULES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ANALYSIS
TRIAL BALANCE OR LIST
RECONCILIATION
TEST OF REASONABLENESS
SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES
SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS
OUTSIDE DOCUMENTATION
11
• PREPARATION OF WORKING PAPERS
– HEADING
– INDEXING AND CROSS-REFERENCING
– INDICATE AUDIT WORK PERFORMED
– TICK MARKS
– OBJECTIVE OF PREPARING WORK
PAPER
– CONCLUSIONS
• OWNERSHIP OF WORK PAPERS
• CONFIDENTIALITY
12
TYPES OF TESTS
• PROCEDURES TO OBTAIN UNDERSTANDING
OF INTERNAL CONTROL
–
–
–
–
INQUIRIES OF CLIENT
READ POLICY AND PROCEDURES MANUALS
EXAMINE DOCUMENTS
OBSERVE PERSONNEL
• TESTS OF CONTROL
– OBSERVE PERSONNEL
– REPERFORM PROCEDURES
• WAS PROCEDURE PERFORMED?
• WAS IT PERFORMED CONSISTENTLY
• WHO PERFORMED IT?
13
• SUBSTANTIVE TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS
– TEST FOR DOLLAR MISSTATEMENT
– SATISFY ALL SIX TRANSACTION-RELATED
OBJECTIVES FOR EACH CLASS OF
TRANSACTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
RECORED SALES OCCURRED
RECORDED SALES ARE COMPLETE
RECORDED SALES ARE ACCURATE
RECORDED SALES ARE IN CORRECT TIME PERIOD
RECORDED SALES ARE PROPERLY CLASSIFIED
RECORDED SALES ARE ACCURATELY SUMMARIZED
• ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
– COMPARISONS OF DATA
– FOUR PURPOSES
14
• TESTS OF DETAILS OF BALANCES
– FOCUS ON ENDING G/L BALANCES
– EXTENT DEPENDENT ON RESULTS OF OTHER
TESTS
• TESTS OF CONTROL
• ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
• TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS
• SUMMARY OF TYPES OF TESTS
– CONTROL RISK ASSESSMENT
• TESTS OF CONTROL
• TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS
– LOWER DETECTION RISK
• TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS
• ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
• TESTS OF DETAILS OF BALANCES
15
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TESTS
AND EVIDENCE
• RELATIVE COSTS
– ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
– PROCEDURES TO OBTAIN UNDERSTANDING
OF I/C AND TESTS OF CONTROL
– SUBSTANTIVE TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS
– TESTS OF DETAIL OF BALANCES
• RELATION BETWEEN TESTS OF
CONTROL AND SUBSTANTIVE TESTS
– DEVIATION FROM CONTROL INCREASES
RISK OF DOLLAR ERROR
16
EVIDENCE MIX
• TRADE OFF BETWEEN TESTS OF
CONTROL AND SUBSTANTIVE TESTS
– FIGURE 10-4
– ANALYSIS OF AUDITS 1 TO 4 ON PAGES
337-338
17
DESIGN AUDIT PROGRAM
• TESTS OF CONTROL AND SUBSTANTIVE
TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS
– FOUR STEPS
• APPLY TRANSACTION-RELATED OBJECTIVES
• IDENTIFY SPECIFIC CONTROLS TO REDUCE
RISK
• DEVELOP TESTS OF CONTROL
• DESIGN SUBSTANTIVE TESTS OF
TRANSACTIONS FOR POTENTIAL
MISSTATEMENTS
– CONSIDER CONTROL RISK ASSESSMENT
18
• ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
– AUDITOR JUDGMENT
– INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC PROCEDURES
• TESTS OF DETAIL OF BALANCES
– SET MATERIALITY LEVEL, ACCEPTABLE
AUDIT RISK, AND ASSESS INHERENT
RISK
– ASSESS CONTROL RISK
– DESIGN TESTS OF BALANCES FOR EACH
BALANCE-RELATED OBJECTIVE
• RELATION OF AUDIT OBJECTIVES
– TABLE 10-5
19
SUMMARY OF AUDIT PROCESS
• PHASE I
– PLAN AUDIT
– DESIGN APPROACH
• PHASE II
– PERFORM TESTS OF CONTROLS
– PERFORM TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS
• PHASE III
– PERFORM ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
– PERFORM TESTS OF BALANCES
• PHASE IV
– COMPLETE AUDIT AND ISSUE REPORT
20