LOOKING INSIDE CELLS
Chapter 4, Section 3
6th Grade Text
TYPE OF CELLS
• PROKARYOTES – Cells that have a cell wall
and cell membrane but lack an organized
nucleus. Example is bacteria cell.
TYPE OF CELLS
• EUKARYOTES – Cells that contain a
defined nucleus that contains the genetic
material.
Examples are animal cells and plant cells.
organelles
• is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a
specific function, and is usually separately
enclosed within its own lipid bilayer.
CELL MEMBRANE
For animal cells, the cell membrane forms the outside boundary that separates
the cell from its environment. Its structure is essentially a double layer of fat
with embedded proteins. Its main function is to control what substances
come into and out of the cell.
NUCLEUS
• The nucleus is a large oval
structure that acts as the
“brain” of the cell,
controlling all of the cell’s
activities.
• It is made up of the nuclear
membrane, chromatin and
nucleolus.
CHROMOSOMES
• The nucleus contains thin strands of genetic material called chromatin.
When the cell begins to divide, the chromatin strands coil and condense to
form structures called chromosomes.
NUCLEOLUS
• a non-membrane bound
structure found inside
the nucleus.
• Function made
ribosomes.
CYTOPLASM
• Is a thick, clear, gellike fluid found
between the cell
membrane and the
nucleus.
• Most cell activities take
place in the cytoplasm
• Is where the Cell
organelles are found
“floating” in the
cytoplasm.
MITOCHONDRIA
• rod-shaped organelles
called the “power-houses”
• produce most of the
energy the cell needs to
carry out its functions.
• Muscle cells and other
very active cells have
large numbers (1000s) of
mitochondria. Less active
cells might have only one
mitochondria.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Is a maze of
passageways
• Function carry
proteins and other
materials from one
part of the cell to
another.
Smooth ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
• Is smooth… no presence of
ribosomes.
• is involved in lipid synthesis and
steroid synthesis.
• It is also involved in drug
detoxification.
Rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• surface of the
membrane of RER is
studded with ribosomes
(another type of
organelle)
• function of RER is the
synthesis and
manufacture of
proteins in ribosomes
RIBOSOMES
• Ribosomes are small,
grain-like bodies either
attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum or
free floating in the
cytoplasm.
• Ribosomes are factories
that produce proteins.
• These proteins are passed
to the ER, then transported
to the Golgi Bodies.
RIBOSOMES
GOLGI BODIES
• structures that look like a
flattened collection of sacs
and tubes that serve as the
cells “mail-room”.
• Function: receive proteins
from the ER, package
them, and deliver them
either to other parts of the
cells, or release them to
outside the cell.
GOLGI BODIES
LYSOSOMES
• small, round, membrane
enclosed.
• Functions: break down
food particles and old
cell parts. Then the
substances released can
be recycled and used to
build new parts.
VACUOLES
• membrane-bound organelles
• Functions: store water, food, and other materials needed
by the cells but they can also contain waste products.
• Vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells, and typically
occupy more than 30% (and up to 80%) of a plant cell’s
volume.
LYSOSOMES & VACUOLES
Cells organelles song
• Mr. W cells song with all the animal cell
organelles
PLANT CELLS
PLANT CELLS
CELL WALL
• The cell wall is a rigid
layer of non-living
material that surrounds the
cells of plants. It is made
of a tough, flexible
material called cellulose
(Wood contains lots of
cellulose.) The cell wall
functions to protect and
support the cell.
CHLOROPLASTS
• Chloroplasts are large green organelles that function to capture
energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
Remember: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Mr. W cells song with all the animal cell
organelles and plants
• cell rap
• Interactive cells