Causes
Events
Effects
Vocabulary
People
Check Your Knowledge
•Class system = Three Estates
•Financial Crisis in Government
• Frustration with the Monarchy
• Social Unrest
•Other Influences
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First Estate
Second Estate
Roman Catholic Clergy
Higher Clergy-bishops, abbots
Lower Clergy-local priests
Nobility
Third Estate
Peasants, Artisans, and Bourgeoisie
Third Estate
Land Ownership
Second Estate
Percentage of
Population
First Estate
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0
20
40
60
80
100
•Cost of living increased but wages did not
•Government debt from aiding US in American Revolution
•Banks refused to loan money to the government
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•Louis XVI
•Ascends the throne at age 19
•Marriage-alliance with Austria
•Inexperienced- needed advice often
•Marie Antoinette
• Austrian Princess
• Out of Touch with reality
•She represented everything the
people hated about the monarchy
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Group
Complaint
Third Estate
Unfair social structure
No effective voice in government
Want monarchy to return to Paris
Second Estate
Did not want to pay taxes
Wanted more political power
First Estate
Higher clergy did not want to pay taxes
Lower clergy resented luxurious lifestyle
of Higher Clergy
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• Enlightenment thinking
•Success of American Revolution
•Desire to end Absolute Monarchy
•Crop Failure
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•
•
•
•
•
Meeting of the Estates General
Tennis Court Oath
Fall of the Bastille
Declaration of Rights
Reign of Terror
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• Members
representing all three Estates
• Goal of approving taxes of 1st and 2nd Estates
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Event s List
• Walk out of the Estates General
•Protest the locking out of the Third Estate
•Created the National Assembly- Representative government
•Promise of a new Constitution for France
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Event s List
• Prison symbolized the injustice of the monarchy
• Mob attacks on July 14, 1789
• Get weapons to defend the National Assembly
• First battle of the French Revolution
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Event s List
• Nobles feared attack by peasants
• Rumors spread of Nobles hiring robbers to kill peasants
• Peasants preemptively strike
• Drive out landlords and destroy feudal records
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• Inspired by American Declaration of Independence
• Incorporated Enlightenment ideas from
•Jean Jacques Rousseau
•John Locke
•Baron de Montesquieu
•Called for
Divide
Freedom of
Speech
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Freedom of
Religion
Freedom of
Assembly
Natural
Power
Freedom of
Rights
Popular
Press
Between
Limited
Sovereignty
Equal
Government
Branches
• Louis XVI rejects Declaration
• Women respond by
• Storming the castle
• Escorting the king and queen back to Paris
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Event s List
• Committee of Public Safety controlled the government
• Strike fear in the hearts of people to prevent disloyalty
• Anyone suspected of disloyalty were executed
• Terror ends with the execution of Robespierre
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Event s List
•War with Austria
•Conscription compulsory military service,
•Execution of Louisalso
XVIknown
and Marie
Antoinette
as the
draft.
•Creation Introduction
of Committeeof
of the
Public
Safety for executions
Guillotine
•Reign of Terror
More
humane
Agency
created to
• Creation of the Directory
Political crisis that occurred as the Jacobins
Equality
in
death
direct
the
effort
•Coup d’état
and Girondists foughtwar
to gain
the .support of
seizure
of power
orinsudden
•Rise of NapoleonquickThe
the
growing
mobs
Paris.
People
who ran
wanted
executive
council
that
theradical
changeby
in France.
overthrow of government leaders
a
government
after
the
creation
of
They
represented
theaworking
General
Moderates
who
who
felt
led
that
French
the
revolution
victory
had
over
Austria.
small
group.
They second
used drastic
and
violent measures
to
new
constitution
in
1795.
class
gone far enough
after
the execution
of the a coup d’état.
He gained
power
inprevent
France
through
strike
fear
to
people
from questioning
King, They wanted to protect the wealthy
class
thea revolution.
Itmiddle
created
bicameral legislature.
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Effects List
It ended when Robespierre was beheaded.
•National Assembly 1789-1791 (Tennis Court Oath)
• Legislative Assembly 1791-1793 (First French Republic)
• National Convention1793-1794 (Reign of Terror)
•Directory 1794-1799 (Loss of rights gained by revolution)
•Emperor Napoleon 1799-1813 (Coup d’état)
Radical Left
Liberal
Moderates ( Due
Conservatives
Reactionaries
•Restoration
Monarchy
1815-1848
to Congress
of Vienna)
Minor
•Second
Republic •1848-1852
• Extreme French
• Some
• Keep the
• Return to
changes
political
Change but
status quo
Absolute
•Second
Emperor
Napoleon
III
1852-1870
(Coup
d’état)
• Girondists
change
not as
Monarchy
•Third
Republic 1871-1940 (Ends with rewriting
• Sans- French extreme
• Émigrés
Culottes
Constitution)
• Jacobins
• Maximilien
Robespierre
• Jean-Paul
Marat
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Effects List
Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Absolute Monarchy-Political system in which a monarch holds supreme,
unlimited power granted by divine right (god given)
Bourgeoisie- Members of the Middle Class including doctors, lawyers,
merchants and business managers. They made up the largest part of the Third
Estate
Committee of Public Safety- Agency created to direct the war effort.
Conscription- compulsory military service, also known as the draft.
Coup d’état- quick seizure of power or sudden overthrow of government leaders
by a small group.
Directory- The executive council that ran the government after the creation of a
second new constitution in 1795. It created a bicameral legislature. They
authorized the use of the army to put down the uprising of the sans-culottes and
royalists.
Estate- One of three distinct social classes in France during the 1700s that
determined a person’s legal rights and status
Émigrés- Nobles who fled France but wanted to return France to an Absolute
Monarchy. They tried to raise armies to put down the Revolution.
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More Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Girondists- Moderates who felt that the revolution had gone far enough after the execution
of the King, They wanted to protect the wealthy middle class form radical attacks. They
often felt that the Jacobins encouraged mob rule and called for too many executions.
Higher Clergy- Bishops and Abbots (members of the noble families)
Jacobins- People who wanted radical change in France. They supported the sansculottes. Often felt that Girondists were royalists.
Lower Clergy- Parish priests, (usually members of peasant or bourgeoisie families)
National Assembly- Legislative body created in France by members of the three estates
who walked out of the Estates General to protest the decision to bar the third estate from
the meeting.
Reign of Terror- Political crisis that occurred as the Jacobins and Girondists fought to gain the
support of the growing mobs in Paris. It ended when Robespierre was beheaded. They used
drastic and violent measures to strike fear to prevent people from questioning the revolution.
Sans-Culottes Paris shopkeepers, artisans and workers who saw themselves as heroes and heroines
of the Revolution and demanded respect from the upper classes. They supported the Jacobins.
They got name because they would no longer wear the short-pants that previously denoted their
station in life.
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People
•
•
•
•
•
Antoinette, Marie - Queen of France when the French Revolution began. She
was from Austria. Her opulent lifestyle angered many of her people who were
starving. She was executed during the French Revolution, accused of
conspiring with Austria to put down French rebellion.
Bonaparte, Napoleon- General who led French victory over Austria. He gained
power in France through a coup d’état.
Louis XVI- King of France when the French Revolution began. At age 19, he
married Marie Antoinette to strengthen his throne. Although he was
inexperienced, he recognized the growing financial crisis in France. He was
executed during the French Revolution.
Marat, Jean-Paul- Jacobin leader and member of the Mountain. He published
articles to support the cause of the Revolution. He was later stabbed to death
by Charlotte Corday. She believed the revolution would end with his death. It
did not, and she was sent to the guillotine.
Robespierre, Maximilien- Jacobin leader and member of the Mountain. Saw
himself as a defender of the Revolution. He ruled the Committee of Public
Safety. After overstepping his power, he was himself sent to the guillotine by
those he had charged to be traitors to the revolution.
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If the first estate made up one percent of the
population and the second estate made up
two percent of the population, what percent
of the population made up the third estate?
A.
95%
B. 97%
C. 98%
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If the First estate owned 10% of the land
and the Second estate owned 25 % of the
land, what percent of land was owned by
the Third Estate?
A. 85%
B. 75%
C. 65%
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