Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Grade IX
Glossary
1.
Natural resources: Gifts produced by nature such as soil and its fertility, water, mineral, natural vegetation, wild life etc. which make life
better and comfortable.
2.
Vegetation: The assemblage of plant species living in the association with each other in a given environmental framework.
3.
Deciduous Forest: Forests whose trees shed their leaves annually.
4.
Coniferous forest: forests whose trees remain ever-green.
5.
Wild life Sanctuary: A reserved area for preserving natural beauty, vegetation and wild life etc.
6.
Ecology: The science which deals with inter-relation between various organisms and the physical environment.
7.
Ecological Balance: The balance which exists between various organisms of men, animals plants etc, in the biosphere.
8.
Biodiversity: Diversity in plant and animal life including humans.
9.
Natural Vegetation: A plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and is left undisturbed by humans for a long time.
10.
Virgin Vegetation: Natural vegetation is also termed as natural vegetation.
11.
Endemic or Indigenous species: Virgin vegetation which is purely Indian.
12.
Exotic plants or species: Plants or the species which have come from outside India.
13.
Flora: it the term used to denote plants of a particular region or period.
14.
Fauna: it is the term used to denote animals of a particular region or period.
15.
Medicinal plants: herbs and species which are used as medicines or whose extract is used as the medicines.
16.
Ecosystem: interdependence and interrelationship between plant and animal life in their physical environment form the ecosystem.
17.
Biomes: it is a very large ecosystem on land which has distinct types of the vegetation and animal life.
18.
Forest: the portion of the natural vegetation, dominant in plant kingdom.
19.
Wild life or the wild animals: wild animals living in the natural environment and comprising of all types animals, birds, reptiles and the
insects.
20.
Tropical forests: the forests found in the tropical region where the annual rainfall exceeds 200cm and have high temperatures.
21.
Thorny forests: those forests that are found in the dry parts of the world where the annual rainfall is less than the 75 cm.
22.
Tidal areas: tidal areas of the lower plains of the rivers abound in the special type of the evergreen forests.
23.
Conical forests: the regions experiencing long winters and the short summers have forests, evergreen and conical in shape.
24.
National Parks: they are the reserved forests where the natural vegetation, natural beauty and wildlife are preserved in the natural
environment.
25.
Wildlife sanctuaries: they are the portions of the natural environment where the hunting and poaching of the wild animals and the birds are
prohibited.
26.
Zoological Parks: they are the reserved gardens where wild animals are kept in the man- made surroundings according to their natural
habits.
27.
Biosphere reserves: the forest areas where all types of flora and the fauna are preserved in their environment.
Question Bank:
1.
When did the ecosystem come into existence?
2.
What are the three forms of the natural vegetation?
3.
How many species of the plants and trees are there in India?
4.
Divide the plants into two major categories. What is the number of the flowering plants found in India?
5.
Name the five major categories of the of the natural vegetation found in India.
6.
What are the tropical rain forests?
7.
Which rainfall regions have the tropical evergreen forests?
8.
Enumerate the regions of the tropical rain forests.
9.
Enumerate the major species of trees of the tropical rain forests.
10.
Name the dominant type of the forest found in India.
11.
Where are the tropical deciduous forests found in India?
12.
Divide the tropical deciduous forests into two major categories.
13.
Name the areas of the moist deciduous forests.
14.
Which is the representative tree of the moist deciduous forests?
15.
Name the representative trees of the dry deciduous forests.
16.
Where are the thorny forests found in India?
17.
Name the region of the occurrence of the thorny forests.
18.
What are the useful trees of the thorny forests?
19.
What is meant by the endangered species?
20.
Name the biosphere reserve situated in Madhya Pradesh.
21.
What type of the forests are found in the on the Shivalik foothills?
22.
Mention the height at which the coniferous forests are found.
23.
How many species of the animals are found in India?
24.
Where is the Bengal Tiger found in India?
25.
Where are the leopards, clouded leopards and the snow- leopards found in India?
26.
Which interesting animals are found in the Himalayan ranges?
27.
Where do the lesser panda and the leopard live in Himalayas?
28.
Name the species of the monkeys.
29.
Which is the national bird of India?
30.
Mention the major birds of India.
31.
How many reserves are situated in India for tigers?
32.
Name the five important bioreserves of India.
33.
In which states does the Nilgiri reserve extend?
34.
Where is the Rhino project being implemented?
35.
Give the number of the endangered species of the birds and plants.
36.
Where was the first bioreserve set up?
37.
Where are Nanda Devi and Nokrek biosphere reserves situated?
38.
Write three measures to conserve ecosystem.
39.
Name the major vegetation regions to which ebony and the Sundari trees belong. Name two states where elephants are found?
40.
Write a short note on the Biosphere Reserve.
41.
What are the numbers of the National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and the Zoological Parks in India?
42.
What is the natural ecosystem? How can it be maintained by the human beings?
43.
What are the natural resources? Give some examples.
44.
Describe the importance of the Natural resources.
45.
Define the biosphere reserve. Name any two biosphere reserves of the country.
46.
What are the causes of the forest depletion in India?
47.
Why is it necessary to increase our area under forests?
48.
Write the names of five types of the natural vegetation found in India.
49.
What is the National Parks? Give two examples of the National Parks in India.
50.
Explain two uses of the forest wood and the two measures to conserve forests.
51.
Name one wild sanctuary each of Jammu and Kashmir and Kerala. Give two reasons for camel being found mainly in the arid desert.
52.
Why are the evergreen forests found on the Western slopes of the Western Ghats? Give two reasons
53.
Where are the Tropical Deciduous Forests found in India? Name two important trees of these forests.
54.
Describe any four features of the thorn forests.
55.
Describe any four special feature of the Tropical Deciduous Forest.
56.
What is virgin vegetation? Differentiate between the exotic and the endemic vegetation?
57.
Give a brief account of the importance of the forests.
58.
Identify more medicinal plants in your areas.
59.
Where is the forest cover of India mainly concentrated?
60.
Explain ecosystem.
61.
Explain the biomes.
62.
Name the various types of forests found in India.
63.
What are the causes of the depletion of biodiversity in India?
64.
Discuss the rich natural heritage of India. (the Migratory birds)
65.
Where have the 14 bioreserves been set up? Name the bioreserves which have been included in the world network of the bioreserves.
66.
Why is there a huge diversity found in our vegetation?
67.
Describe the main features of the Tropical Thorn and the Scrub Forests.
68.
Account for the Montane forests.
69.
Discuss the features of the Mangrove forests.
70.
What are the causes of the depletion of the biodiversity in India?
71.
Give the distribution of the plants and the animal species found in the various forests in India.
72.
What was the first form of the life cover to appear on the earth?
73.
Why are the plants very important for us?
74.
Name some of the non-flowering plants.
75.
Name one medicinal plant found only in India.
76.
Give the approximate number of the species of plants found in India.
77.
Give the names of the Tropical trees found in India.
78.
Where are the tropical deciduous forests found in India?
79.
Name the two important deciduous trees.
80.
Where are the thorny forests confined in India?
81.
Give the names of the important trees of the thorny forests.
82.
Where are the sunderbans located?
83.
Name the vegetative regions to which the Acacia and the teak trees belong.
84.
Name the vegetative regions to which the Mahogany and the date palms belong.
85.
Name the vegetative regions to which the sal and the rosewood trees belong.
86.
Name the two types of water in which the sundari trees flourish well.
87.
Name the two types of the tropical forests.
88.
What is meant by flora and fauna?
89.
Which natural vegetation is most predominant in India?
90.
Name the natural habitat of Indian lion.
91.
How many animal species are there in India?
92.
How many species of the birds India has?
93.
Name the migratory birds that come to India.
94.
What does the fauna in India consist of?
95.
Name two endangered species of wildlife in India.
96.
Name two projects which are established to protect the endangered species of the wildlife.
97.
Name two areas where the one- horned rhinoceros are found.
98.
Name two states where the elephants are found.
99.
What are the factors responsible for the distribution of the plants and the animals in India?
100.
Describe the wildlife found in the Himalayan Ranges.
101.
Discuss how the relief and the rainfall influence the distribution of the natural vegetation in India.
102.
Distinguish between:
(a) Flora and Fauna
(b) Tropical Evergreen Forests and the Tropical deciduous forests
(c) Moist and Dry deciduous forests
103.
Write a short note on the Extinct and the Endangered species.
104.
Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered. Why?
105.
Why has India got the rich heritage of Flora and Fauna?
106.
What is the great need of conserving the natural vegetation?
107.
“Forest is our national wealth.” Illustrate your answer with the suitable examples.
108.
What steps have been taken by our government to conserve our natural vegetation and the wildlife?
109.
Why the southern slopes of the Himalayas are are covered with the thick vegetative cover as compared to the northern slopes of the same
hills?
110.
Why are the western slopes of the Western Ghats covered with the thick forests and not the eastern slopes?
111.
Map skills:
On the outline map of India, locate the following:
(a) Any two areas of the evergreen forests.
(b) Any two areas of the dry deciduous forests.
(c) Two national parks in the Northern, Southern, Western and the Eastern parts of the country
Multiple Choice Questions:
1.
Why are there great variations in the bioforms of India?
(a)
Because of the vast
(b) Because of the
size
small size
(c)
Because of the
landmass
(d)
Because of the water bodies
2.
What is the rank of India in the world in the respect of the plant diversity?
(a)
10th
(b) 12th
(c) 5th
(d)
6th
3.
How much percentage of the flowering plants does India have?
(a)
10
(b) 5
(c)
(d)
12
4.
Natural vegetation referring to the plant community which has grown naturally without the human aid and has been left undisturbed by the
humans for a long time, is termed as:
(a)
Endemic vegetation
(b) Virgin vegetation
(c) Natural vegetation
(d) Desert vegetation
5.
Flora is referred to as:
(a)
Species of the
animals
Both of these
(d)
None of these
Why is there a difference of sunlight at the different places?
(a)
Due to the difference
(b) Due to the
(c)
in the altitude
difference in the
water bodies
Due to the difference in
the longitudes
(d)
Due to the difference in the latitudes
7.
What is the duration of the south west monsoon in India?
(a)
October to November (b) December to
March
June to September
(d)
None of these
8.
“All the plants and the animals in an area are interdependent and interrelated to each other in their physical environment.” What is the name
of the interdependence and the interrelationship?
(a)
Physical environment (b) Ecosystem
(c) Biomes
(d) Food chains
9.
What is the basis of identifying biomes on the earth?
(a)
Animals
(b) Plants
(c)
Fish
(d)
Buffalo
10.
What restricts the tropical evergreen forests?
(a)
Temperature
(b) Air pressure
(c)
Rainfall
(d)
Air current
Tropical deciduous
forest
(d)
Mangrove trees
(d)
To do nothing
(d)
Mangrove forests
(d)
Lion
(d)
Guindy
(d)
Setting up of all of these
6.
11.
(b)
Species of the
plants
(c)
6
(c)
Name the forest in which teak is the most dominant species.
(a)
Tropical evergreen
(b) Tropical thorn and
(c)
forests
the scrubs forests
12.
In the thorn forests and the scrubs why are the leaves of the tree mostly thick and small?
(a)
To maximise
(b) To minimise the
(c) To reduce the moisture
evaporation
evaporation
13.
In which type of forest does the sundari tree belong?
(a)
Tropical evergreen
(b) Tropical thorn
forest
forest and the
scrubs
14.
15.
16.
(c)
Tropical deciduous
forests
Name the animal that lives in the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal
(a)
Elephants
(b) One horned
(c) Nilgai
rhinoceros
Give an example of the biosphere reserve in India
(a)
Corbett Park
(b) Kawal
(c) Panchmari
What has been set up to take care of the natural heritage?
(a)
Setting of the
(b) Setting of the
(c)
National Parks
wildlife sanctuaries
Setting of the zoological
gardens
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
How many mega-biodiversity countries are there in the world?
(a)
10
(b) 11
(c)
12
What is the place of India in the world and Asia in plant diversity?
(a)
10th and 4th
(b) 10th and 1st
(c) 1st and 2nd respectively
respectively
respectively
Which of the following is the natural vegetation?
(a)
Cultivated crops
(b) Fruits
(c)
Orchards
Which of the following term is used to denote the plants of a particular region or the period?
(a)
Flora
(b) Fauna
(c) Virgin vegetation
Which types of soils support cactus and the thorny bushes?
(a)
Wet and the marshy
(b) Sandy soils of the
(c)
soils
desert
Deltaic soils
What types of the trees are found on the hill slopes with some depth of the soil?
(a)
Mangroves
(b) Cactus
(c) Conical trees
What is the reason for the faster growth in the summer season?
(a)
Longer duration of the (b) More rain
(c)
sunlight
High temperature
(d)
13
(d)
4th and 3rd respectively
(d)
Forests
(d)
Natural vegetation
(d)
Hill slopes
(d)
Thorny bushes
(d)
None of these
24.
Which of the following reasons is responsible for the thick forests in the western slopes of the western ghats than the eastern slopes?
(a)
High temperature
(b) More sunlight
(c) Heavy rainfall
(d) Moderate temperature
25.
What was the actual forest cover of India in 2001?
(a)
19.55 percent
(b) 20.55 percent
26.
How are the biomes identified?
(a)
On the basis of the
(b)
plants
27.
(c)
21.55 percent
(d)
22.55 percent
(c)
On the basis of the
insolation
(d)
On the basis of the density of the forest
cover
In which of the following areas, Tropical Rain Forests are not found?
(a)
Western ghats
(b) Eastern Ghats
(c) Lakshwadweep
(d)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Which of the following animals are generally not found in the Tropical Deciduous Forests?
(a)
Lion
(b) Pig
(c) Dog
(d)
Elephants
29.
Where are the thorn and the Scrub forests not found?
(a)
Rajasthan
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(d)
Chattisgarh
30.
Which of the following nomadic tribes use the Alpine grasslands for grazing?
(a)
Raikas
(b) Banjaras
(c) Gujjars
(d)
Bakarwals
31.
Which of the following animals are not found in the extremely cold regions of the Himalayas?
(a)
Yak
(b) Tibetan Antelope
(c) Wild sheep
(d)
Camel
32.
In which of the following hot wet forests elephants are not found?
(a)
Assam
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Karnataka
(d)
Kerala
India is the only where the following group of the animals are found
(a)
Elephants and panda (b) Elephants and lion (c) Lion and tiger
(d)
Lion and deer
When was the Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India?
(a)
1970
(b) 1971
(c)
1972
(d)
1973
Which of the following animals does not belong to the cat family
(a)
Bear
(b) Tiger
(c)
Lion
(d)
Cheetah
28.
33.
34.
35.
On the basis of the
rainfall
(c)
Maharashtra
36.
37.
How many biosphere reserves have been set up in India?
(a)
13
(b) 14
(c)
15
(d)
16
How many national parks have been set up in India?
(a)
88
(b) 89
(c)
90
(d)
91
Important questions:
1.
Why the southern slopes in the Himalayan region are covered with the thick vegetative cover as compared to the northern slopes of
the same hills?
The vegetative cover in both the regions of the Himalayas due to its relief and the rainfall. The variation and the in the duration of the sunlight
at the different places due the difference in the latitude, altitude, season and the duration of the day affects the growth of the vegetation. The
southern slopes have the longer duration of the sunlight which helps the trees to grow faster in summer. The northern slopes have no such
advantage. Therefore, the southern slopes in the Himalayan region are covered with the thick vegetation cover as compared to the northern
slopes of the same hills.
2.
Why are the western slopes of the western ghats covered with the thick forests and not the eastern slopes?
The western ghats cause the orographic rainfall by facing the rain bearing moist winds to the rise along the western slopes of the ghats. Thus,
the western slopes of the ghats. Thus, the western slopes get heavy rain more than 250 cm and remain wet throughout the year. Therefore
tropical rainforest are found in this area which is covered with the thick forest. On the other hand the eastern slopes do not get the heavy
rainfall compared to the western slopes. Thus the eastern slopes of the western ghats are not covered with the thick forests.
3.
Write a short note on the biosphere reserve.
Biosphere reserves are the forests where the flora and the fauna of all types are conserved in their natural environment. The purposes of
setting up the Bioreserves are as follows:
(i)
To preserve the wildland, its flora and fauna in their natural forms.
(ii)
The surrounding zones will be utilized for research and development of the forests and their products
(iii)
To utilize the peripheries for the agricultural research and development.
There are 14 bioreserves in India.
4.
What is the number of the National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Zoological parks in India?
On the record of the 31st March 2006, the record was:
(i)
National parks: 89
(ii)
Wildlife sanctuaries:490
(iii)
Zoological parks:35
(iv)
Tiger reserves: 16
(v)
Rhinoceros projects: 02
5.
What is a national park? Give two examples of the National parks.
National parks are those wild lands where flora and fauna are conserved in their natural forms. In these parks every plant and the animal
species are protected and preserved totally in order to hand over them to the future generations in their vigour and glory. Examples :
Kaziranga, Corbett , Manas
What is virgin vegetation? Differentiate between the exotic and the endemic vegetation.
The plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by the humans for a long time. This type of
vegetation is also termed as natural vegetation. Cultivated crops and the fruits, orchards area part of vegetation but not of the natural
vegetation.
Difference between the Exotic and the Endemic vegetation
The virgin vegetation is purely Indian.
It is known as endemic or the indigenous species.
On the other hand those species which have come from outside India are termed as the exotic plant (species).
6.
7.
Explain the ecosystem.
 Plants occur in distinct groups of communities in the areas of the similar climatic conditions.
 The flora is used to denote the plants of a particular region or the period listed by the species and considered as a group.
 In the same way species of the animals are termed as the fauna.
 Nature of the plants in an area, to a large extent determines the animal life in that area. With the change in the vegetation animal
life also undergoes changes.
 All the plants and the animals in an area are interdependent and interrelated to each other in their physical environment.
 This interdependence and the interrelationship form the ecosystem.
 Due to the constant interference of man in the physical and biological environment, balance between the two has been disturbed
resulting in ecological imbalance.
 Due to this imbalance numerous species have become endangered and extinct.
8.
Explain the biomes.
 A biome is a very large ecosystem on land which has distinct types of the vegetation and the wildlife.
 The assemblage of the plant life specific living in the association with the each other in a particular environmental framework is
termed as vegetation.
 Though the animals are an integral part of the biomes, plant formations are the basis of their classification.
 Five main biomes of the world are: Forests, Savanna, Temperate Grasslands, Deserts and the Tundra
 Biomes are useful for studying the world patterns of the vegetation cover.
 Small scale patterns of the natural vegetation are most suitable to understand the distribution pattern of the plant cover.
9.
Where the 14 bioreserves are have been set up. Name the bioreserves that have been included in the world network of the
bioreserves?
(i)
The Nilgiris – At the trijunction of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala
(ii)
Nanada Devi – Uttaranchal
(ix) Dihang-Dibang – Arunachal Pradesh
(iii)
Nokrek – Meghalaya
(x) Dibru- Saikhowa – Assam
(iv)
Sunderbans – West Bengal
(xi) Agasthyamalai - Kerala
(v)
Gulf of Mannar – Tamil Nadu
(xii) Kanchenjunga - Sikkim
(vi)
Great Nicobar – Andaman Nicobar Islands
(xiii) Panchmari – Madhya Pradesh
(vii)
Manas – Assam
(xiv) Achanakmar- Amarkantak – Madhya Pradesh
(viii)
Simlipal – Orissa
Bio-reserves included in the world network of the bio-reserves:
Sunderbans – West Bengal, Gulf of Mannar – Tamil Nadu, Nanada Devi – Uttaranchal ,The Nilgiris – At the trijunction of Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Kerala.
10.
Name the medicinal plant found only in India.
Rauvolfia Serpentina (Sarpagandha)
11.
Name the two endangered species of the wildlife in India.
Rhinoceros, Tigers
Distinction between Flora and Fauna
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FLORA
The naturally grown vegetation of a region or an area.
It consists of the grass, plants, creepers, and the trees. Forests,
bushes, shrubs and the grasslands make the flora cover on the
earth.
47000 species of flora are found in India. Out of these 5000 are
the endemic varieties.
There are two types of flora- flowering plants and the nonflowering plants.
All types of vegetation from the tropical rainforests to the Alpine
vegetation are found spread over in India.
Due to the excessive use of the natural vegetation it is depleting
fast and needs conservation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FAUNA
It includes all types of the organisms from the tiny bacteria to the
giant elephants.
They are of three types- those moving on the earth, those living
in the water, and those flying in the air.
India is proud of its 7500 species of the animals. Besides these
there are species of the birds and fish in the country.
The animals are subgrouped into two on the basis of their food
habits- herbivores and the carnivores
All types of the organisms from the tiny bacteria to the giant
elephants are found in the country.
Due to the depletion of the flora, pollution of various kinds,
hunting and poaching the fauna is facing the extinction. Hence
for their conservation national parks, zoological parks and the
wildlife sanctuaries are formed.
Distinction between Tropical Evergreen Forests and Tropical Deciduous Forests
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Tropical Evergreen Forests
The region having the tropical climate throughout the year have
the cover of the tropical evergreen forests with the average
annual rainfall of more than 200 cm
These forests are divided into two groups- the moist and the dry
evergreen forests.
These forests are evergreen. They do not shed their leaves in
any season of the year.
These forests exceed 60 m in height.
Rainy parts of the Western Ghats, Island groups of
Lakshwadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, upper parts of
Assam and Tamil Nadu are the major regions of these forests.
These forests are the dense forests and no particular species
has its fixed place of the growth.
They are of little importance as their wood is hard and are
unusable for the economic activities.
Ebony, Mahogany, Rosewood, Abnus, Cedar, Cincona are the
representative trees of these forests.
Elephants, Monkey, various birds, lemur, bats, sloth and the
reptiles, deer, scorpions, snails and the one horned rhinoceros
are the common animals found in this region.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Tropical Deciduous Forests
These forests are spread over the areas where two distinct
seasons, rainy and dry are found with the average annual rainfall
of 70- 200 cm.
These forests are divided into two groups- the moist and the dry
deciduous forests.
They shed their leaves once a year to minimize the evaporation
during the dry season.
They are less than 50 m in height.
These forests are spread almost all over IndiaMoist deciduous forests:
North-eastern states, foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West
Orissa, Chhattisgarh, on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats
Dry deciduous forests:
Parts of the Peninsular plateau, plains of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh.
These forests are less dense. Trees of one species can be found
at one place.
Their wood is soft and durable making them economically
important as the wood can be used for timber.
Moist deciduous forests:
Teak is the most dominant species.
Bamboo, Sal, Shisham, Sandalwood, Khair, Kusum, Arjun,
Mulberry
Dry deciduous forests:
Teak , Sal, Poles
Lions, tigers, pigs, deers , elephants, various birds, lizards,
snakes, tortoise, insects and worms are the common animals
found in this region.
List of Important Wildlife Sanctuaries
S.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Name of the wildlife sanctuary
Dachigam wildlife sanctuary
Rajaji wildlife sanctuary
Sariska wildlife sanctuary
Ranthambhor wildlife sanctuary
Chandraprabha wildlife sanctuary
Banabasa wildlife sanctuary
Mahanadi wildlife sanctuary
Manas wildlife sanctuary
Gorumara wildlife sanctuary
Jaldapara wildlife sanctuary
Chandaka wildlife sanctuary
Kaziranga wildlife sanctuary
Eturnagaram wildlife sanctuary
Guindy wildlife sanctuary
Periyar wildlife sanctuary
Mudumalai wildlife sanctuary
Pocharam wildlife sanctuary
Kawal wildlife sanctuary
States
Jammu and Kashmir
Uttaranchal
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Uttaranchal
Sikkim
Assam
West Bengal
West Bengal
Orissa
Assam
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Kerala
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
List of Important National Parks
S.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Name of the National Parks
Corbett National Parks
Dudwa National Parks
Rajdewra National Parks
Bandipur National Parks
Periyar National Parks
Kaziranga National Parks
Gorumara National Parks
Similipal National Parks
Ranthambore National Parks
Sariska National Parks
Kanha Hills National Parks
Taroba National Parks
Gir National Parks
Kanheri National Parks
Shivpur National Parks
States
Uttaranchal
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Karnataka
Kerala
Assam
West Bengal
Orissa
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
List of Important Bird Sanctuaries
S.No
1.
2.
Name of the Bird Sanctuaries
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
States
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Distribution of the plant and animal species found in the Indian forests
S.No.
1.
2.
Forest Type
Tropical Rain
Forests
Rainfall
More than
200 cm
Tropical Deciduous
Forests
200cm to 70
cm
3.
Tropical thorn and
Scrub Forests
Less than 70
cm
4.
Temperate forests
and Grasslands
Less than 70
cm
Characteristics
1. Have a short dry season.
2. The trees appear green all
the year round.
3. Don’t have any particular
period to shed the leaves.
4. The trees reach up to the
height of 60 m.
5. They are of little commercial
use as they are difficult to
exploit.
1. Most dominant or
widespread vegetation.
2. These trees shed their
leaves during the dry season
for about 6 to 8 weeks.
3. These forests are
economically very significant
for India.
4. These forests are also
named as the monsoon forests.
5. Every species have their
own time of shedding leaves.
Therefore, the forest does not
appear leave less at any time
of the year.
6. They are divided into moist
and dry deciduous forests
7. Moist deciduous forests are
in the areas in the areas of
rainfall 200cm to 100cm
8. Dry deciduous forests are
found in the areas of less
rainfall 100 cm to 70 cm
1. Trees are scattered.
2. Trees have long roots
penetrating deep into the soil
and spreading in the radial
pattern to find water.
3. Leaves are mostly small and
waxy to minimize the
evaporation.
4. In the drier regions, thorny
trees and the scrubs grow.
1. They flourish up to the height
of about 1000 m.
2. Above the tropical deciduous
forests, between 1000 to
2000m wet temperate type of
forests flourishes. Here
evergreen broad- leaves trees
like oak and chestnut
Plant species
Ebony, Mahogany,
Rosewood
Animal species
Elephants,
Monkey, various
birds, lemur, bats,
sloth and the
reptiles, deer,
scorpions, snails
and the one
horned rhinoceros
Regions
Rainy parts of the
Western Ghats,
Island groups of
Lakshwadweep,
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands,
upper parts of
Assam and Tamil
Nadu
Moist deciduous
forests:
Lions, tigers, pigs,
deers , elephants,
various birds,
lizards, snakes,
tortoise, insects
and worms
Moist deciduous
forests:
Teak is the most
dominant species.
Bamboo, Sal,
Shisham,
Sandalwood, Khair,
Kusum, Arjun,
Mulberry
Dry deciduous
forests:
North-eastern
states, foothills of
the Himalayas,
Jharkhand, West
Orissa,
Chhattisgarh, on the
eastern slopes of
the Western Ghats
Dry deciduous
forests:
Teak , Sal, Poles
Parts of the
Peninsular plateau,
plains of Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh.
1000 m – teak,
shisham, sal and
rosewood
1000m to 2000m –
oak, chestnuts
3000m- pine,
deodar, silver fir,
spruce and cedar
Higher elevationGrasslands
Rats , mice rabbits,
fox, wolf, tiger,
lion, goats, wild
ass, horses,
camels
North- western parts
of India, semi-arid
areas of Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh and
Haryana
Kashmir stag,
spotted deer, wild
sheep, jack rabbit,
Tibetan antelope,
yak, snow leopard,
squirrels, shaggy
horn wild ibex, red
panda, goat with
the thick hair.
In the mountainous
areas like
Himalayas
S.No.
5.
Forest Type
Alpine and the
Tundra Vegetation
Rainfall
Less than 70
cm in form of
snow
6.
Tidal or Mangrove
Forests
More than
200 cm
Characteristics
1. Here temperate forests and
grasslands are replaced by
Alpine type of vegetation.
2. As these trees approach the
snowline, they get
progressively stunted.
3. they ultimately through the
scrubs and the shrubs merge
into the grasslands which act
pastures to the nomadic tribes
like Bakarwals and Gujjars
1. Found in the areas near the
coast and the rivers where the
tides are common.
2. Such forests are covered by
the mangrove trees with their
roots submerged in water.
3. Sunderi is a well known
mangrove trees after the name
of which the forested parts of
the Ganga-Brhamaputra delta
are known as the Sunderbans.
Plant species
Silver fir, junipers,
pines, birches,
shrubs, scrubs,
Alpine grasslands
Animal species
Snow leopard, yak
Regions
Found at high
altitudes generally
more than 3600m
above the sea levels
Sundari, palm,
coconut, keora,
agar, screw pine,
amor
Royal Bengal tiger,
turtle, crocodiles,
gharials, snakes,
various birds,
worms and insects
The deltas of the
Ganga, Mahanadi,
Godavari, and
Krishna