Cell PEOPLE, Cell Size,
and Cell Specialization
Chap 7-1 & 7-4
http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocumen
http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
1665Robert Hooke
______________________
used a microscope to
examine a thin slice of cork
and saw “little boxes”
He called them “CELLS” because
they looked like the small rooms
that monks lived in called Cells
Microscope image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscope
Cork image: http://www.cortex.de/img_kork/cork_cells_big.jpg
Hooke image: http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/upload/5/5c/Hookeyoungmtwb.jpg
1673Anton van Leeuwenhoek
___________________________________
a Dutch microscope maker was the first
to see LIVING ORGANISMS.
Microscope/Leeuwenhoek image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscope
Animation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
1838German botanist
Matthias Schleiden
__________________________
concluded that
ALL PLANTS
are made of cells
Plant image: http://www.epa.gov/maia/images/classification.gif
Schleiden image: http://web.visionlearning.com/events/Schleiden_Apr5_2005.htm
1839German zoologist
_________________________
Theodor Schwann
concluded that
ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE OF CELLS
Schwann image: http://home.tiscalinet.ch/biografien/biografien/schwann.htm
Animals image: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.htm
1855German
medical doctor
Rudolph Virchow
_____________________
saw dividing cells
in the microscope
and reasoned that
cells come from
other cells
Virchow: http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocument
Mitosis: http://biology.dbs.umt.edu/biol101/labs/lab_6_images/sect01and06/Rebecca,%20tanner,%20and%20liam%20mitosis%20root%20tip.jpg
CELL THEORY
1. All living things are ________________________.
MADE OF CELLS
2. Cells are the basic unit of
STRUCTURE & _____________
FUNCTION
____________
in an organism.
life
(cell = basic unit of _____________)
3. Cells come from the reproduction
of ____________
cells
existing
Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm
1970American Biologist
Lynn Margulis
_____________________
provides evidence for
the idea that
certain organelles
within cells were once
free-living cells themselves.
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
= _________________________
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
See a movie about
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Endosymbiosis_theory.gif
Evidence for Endosymbiotic theory
1. Mitochondia and chloroplasts
DNA similar
have circular_______
to bacteria.
2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have
RIBOSOMES whose size and structure resemble
______________
bacterial ribosomes.
3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicated using
_________________
Binary fission like bacteria.
INNER MEMBRANES of mitochondria and
4. _______________________
chloroplasts have a composition similar to bacterial
membranes.
http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/mitochondria_lifecycle_graduate.htm
All living things made of cells
BUT… organisms can be very
different.
Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF
UNICELLULAR
MULTICELLULAR
http://www.angelbabygifts.com/
http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
CELL SIZE
http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm
Typical cells range from:
5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter
How big is a micron ( µ ) ?
http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg
1 cm = 10,000 microns
1” = 25,000 microns
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t
just contain MANY CELLS.
They have different kinds of cells
doing different jobs
Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg
Cells in a multi-cellular organism
become SPECIALIZED by
turning different genes on and
off
Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION
SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLS
Muscle cells
Red blood cells
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg
Cheek cells
http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html
Specialized Plant cells
Guard cells
Xylem cells
Pollen
Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpg
Xylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.j
Pollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg
ATOMS
________
MOLECULES
__________
ORGANELLES
 ___________
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
CELLS
TISSUES
____________
 ____________

Similar cells
working together
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
ORGAN
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
___________  __________
Different tissues
working together
ORGANISM
___________
Different organs
working together
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE
STANDARDS
Students will be able to:
• explain the process of specialization 9-12.L.1.3.A (ADVANCED)
• describe the relationships between the levels of organization in
multi-cellular organisms (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and
organism) (PROFICIENT)
• explain how gene expression regulates cell growth and
differentiation 9-12.L.1.3.A (Tissue formation, development of new
cells from original stem cells (ADVANCED)
NATURE OF SCIENCE:
Indicator 1: Understand the nature and origin of
scientific knowledge.
9-12.N.1.1. Students are able to evaluate a
scientific discovery to determine and
describe how societal, cultural, and personal
beliefs influence scientific investigations and
interpretations.
• Recognize scientific knowledge is not merely a
set of static facts but is dynamic and affords the
best current explanations.
SOUTH DAKOTA
ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
9-12.L.1.3A. Students are able to explain how gene
expression regulates cell growth and differentiation.
Examples:
Tissue formation
Development of new cells from original stem cells
Core High School Life Science
Performance Descriptors
High school students
performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
Describe the relationship between structure and function
(cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms);
IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm
Paint image by Riedell
Paint image by Riedell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html
http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe
http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg
http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml
http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg
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http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif
http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html
http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/
http://bestanimations.com
http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm