Personality
ADAPTING TO
THE WORLD
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•Explain different psychological
perspectives on personality
•Point out criticisms & revisions
•Describe shared principles
•Describe the value of each
perspective
Organizing the Information
Value
Criticisms
Features
Beliefs
People
Psychodynamic Perspective
When
inspiration
does not
come to me,
I go halfway
to meet it.
SIGMUND FREUD
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Underlying Beliefs
Societal Influences
Freud’s
Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
Theory based on
unconscious
[sexual] drives
and hidden
impulses rooted in
childhood
development
Freud’s
Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
Behaviors are a
result of conflicts
between levels of
consciousness
Freud’s
Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
(Anna) Freud’s
Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
•Defense Mechanisms
•Repression
•Displacement
•Rationalization
•Sublimation
•Projection
•Reaction Formation
•Denial
•Regression
REDUCES ANXIETY
WHY?
You get your own little
interpretation of reality
Created all for you
Deep in your
subconscious
Criticisms & Revisions of Freud’s
Psychodynamic Approach
•Focus on sex
•Heavily influenced by beliefs
•Lack of evidence
•Theories too universal
•Stress on childhood
•Stress on unconscious
•Stress on neuroses
•Omits socio cultural
•Omits healthy behaviors
•Karen Horney:
feminist response
•Carl Jung:
collective unconscious
•Alfred Adler:
individual compensation
The sexual life of adult women is a “dark
continent” for psychology.
Organizing the Information
Value
Criticisms
Features
Beliefs
People
Psychodynamic/
Analytical Theory
Man's task is to become conscious of
the contents that press upward from
the unconscious. CARL JUNG
Psychodynamic/
Individual
Psychology
Conscious and unconscious are both
in the service of the individual, who
uses them to further personal goals.
Organizing the Information
Value
Criticisms
Features
Beliefs
People
Humanistic
Perspective
The more we learn about man’s natural
tendencies, the easier it will be to tell him how
to be good,
how to be happy, how to be fruitful,
how to respect himself,
how to love, how to
Maslow’s
Humanistic Approach to Personality
Critical Response
Emphasis on Positive
Humanistic
Perspective
The only person who is educated is the
one who has learned to learn…and
change….
CARL ROGERS
Rogers’s
Humanistic Approach to Personality
Innate Ingredients
Happiness/Unhappiness
Organizing the Information
Value
Criticisms
Features
Beliefs
People
Trait Perspectives
Trait
Perspectives
O.C.E.A.N.
Organizing the Information
Value
Criticisms
Features
Beliefs
People