Software: Systems and
Application Software
Chapter 4
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
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Chapter 4 Outline
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An Overview of Software
Systems Software
Application Software
Programming Languages
Software Issues and Trends
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An Overview of Software
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An Overview of Software
• Computer program - sequences of
instructions for the computer
• Documentation - describes program
functions
• Systems software - coordinates the
activities of hardware & programs
• Applications software - helps users
solve particular problems
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The Importance of Software in
Business
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Supporting Individual, Group, and
Organizational Goals
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Systems Software:
operating systems
and utilities
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Operating System Functions
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1. Perform common hardware functions
2. Provide a user interface
3. Provide hardware independence
4. Memory management
5. Task management
6. Control access to system resources
7. File Management
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The Role of the Operating System
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1. Perform Hardware Functions,
2. Provide A User Interface
• Common Hardware Functions
– Accept keyboard input
– Store data on disks
– Send data to output devices
• User Interface Types:
– Command-based interfaces
– Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
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3. Hardware Independence
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4. Memory Management
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5. Task Management
• Multitasking - more than one program can run
at a time using a single processor
• Time-sharing - multiple users can
simultaneously use the resources of a single
processor
• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or
tasks
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6. Control Access to System
Resources
• Protection against unauthorized access
• Logins and passwords
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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Types of Operating Systems
• WORKGROUP OPERATING
SYSTEMS
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Netware
Windows NT Server 4.0
Windows 2000 Server
Unix
Red Hat Linux
Mac OS X Server
• ENTERPRISE OPERATING
SYSTEMS
• CONSUMER APPLIANCE
OPERATING SYSTEMS
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Windows CE.NET
Mobil Linux
Windows XP Embedded
Handheld PC
Pocket PC
Palm OS
– IBM’s OS/390
– HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming
Executive with integrated POSIX)
– IBM’s z/OS
– Linux
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Utility Programs
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Application Software:
types and functions
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Sources of Software
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Comparison of Proprietary and
Off-the-Shelf Software
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personal application
software
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Personal and Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
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TurboTax
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Quicken
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Word Processing
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Electronic Spreadsheets
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Database Management Systems
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Graphics Programs
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On-Line Information Systems
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Software
Suites
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Major Components of Leading
Software Suites
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Workgroup Application Software
•Groupware
•Collaborative computing software
–Lotus Notes
•Group Scheduling
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Enterprise Application Software
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Examples of Enterprise Application Software
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Selected Enterprise Resource
Vendors
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Programming Languages
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Programming Languages
• Commands and statements combined according
to a particular syntax
• Different languages have different
characteristics
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Programming Languages
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First and Second Generation
Languages
• First Generation Languages
– Machine language
– ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange)
• Second Generation Languages
– Assembly languages
– Assemblers
– Symbolic language
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Third-Generation Languages
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Fourth-Generation Languages
• 4GLs
• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not
how to get them
• Examples: SQL, SAS
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Fifth-Generation Languages
• 5GLs
• Uses a visual or graphical development interface
to create source language
• Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual
C++
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Object-Oriented Programming
Languages
• Objects - data and actions that can be
performed on the data
• Encapsulation - group items into an object
• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with
multiple objects
• Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets
attributes of that class
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Object-Oriented Programming
Languages
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Software Issues and Trends
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Software Issues & Trends
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Software bugs
Open source software
Software licensing
Software upgrades
Global software support
Antitrust issues for software
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How to Deal with Software Bugs
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Summary
• Software - consists of programs that control
the workings of the computer hardware
• Operating system - set of computer
programs that controls the computer
hardware
• Application - software that applies the power
of the computer to solve problems and
perform specific tasks
• Programming languages - provide
instructions to a computer to perform some
processing activity
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Principles and Learning Objectives
When selecting an operating system, you must
consider the current and future for application
software to meet the needs of the organization.
In addition, your choice of a particular operatiing
system must be consistent with your choice of
hardware.
– IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF
THE TWO BASICS KINDS OF SOFTWARE
– OUTLINE THE ROLE OF THE OPERATING
SYSTEM AND IDENTIFY THE FEATURES OF
SEVERAL POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Do not develop proprietary application software
unless doing so well meet a compelling business
need that can provide a competitive advantage.
– DISCUSS HOW APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE CAN
SUPPORT PERSONAL, WORKGROUP, AND
ENTERPRISE BUSINESS OBJECTIVES.
– IDENTIFY 3 BASIC APPROACHES TO
DEVELOPING APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE AND
DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• The software industry continues to undergo
constant change; users need to be aware of
recent trends and issues to be effective in their
business and personal life.
– OUTLINE THE EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES AND DIFFERENTIATE AMONG THE
FIVE GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES.
– IDENTIFY KEY ISSUES AND TRENDS THAT HAVE
AN IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONS AND
INDIVIDUALS.
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End of Chapter 4
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