UB LIS 571 Soergel
Lecture 13.2b. In-lecture Exercise
Exhaustivity and Specificity of Indexing
London Education Classification (LEC) vs. DDC
Dagobert Soergel
Department of Library and Information Studies
Graduate School of Education
University at Buffalo
Lecture notes p. 422 - 427
Includes audio.
Introduction
Read / study Lecture Notes p. 422 – 423
Then listen to the audio (2 min.) and read the rest of this slide
There are two steps in dealing with each document.
Step 1. Determine the semantic factors and enter the resulting elemental concepts in the col. for DDC
Step2. Analysis.
Step 2a. For each row that has both LEC and DDC, underline
Same if both concepts are equally specific
LEC if the concept from LEC is more specific
DDC if the concept from DDC is more specific
Now, in the last row, enter the number of concepts for which specificity is the same, LEC is more specific, DDC is more specific
Step 2b. Fill in the numbers in the small table on the bottom of the page (to the side on the slides) and the final conclusion on the bottom
Next slide
2
Your turn
Analyze Documents 1, 2, and 3, Lecture Notes p. 425 – 427
Do your work on the paper form for Document 1, p. 425 in the Lecture Notes.
The slides for Document 1 take you through the steps
The first slide for Document 1 shows what to do for Step 1. Complete that part on the paper form,
The second slide for Document. 1 shows the results of Step 1, the semantic factoring. Compare with your own.
If the slide is different, you may want to correct your work on p. 425, then do Step 2, analysis
The third slide for Document 1 shows the results of Step 2. Compare your own analysis.
If your analysis is the same, you are done with Document1. If not, you may want to listen to the audio.
Repeat for Documents 2 and 3
No audio
3
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 0. Example, Step 1, determine semantic factors
(example also in the Lecture Notes)
This is what you will see in a slide for Step 1
3373.19 Organization and activities in secondary education > curricula
Note: This class caption is all you need to semantic factor the DDC class to arrive at the
elemental concepts to put in column 2.
Conant, James Bryant, 1893-1978
The comprehensive high school; a second report to interested citizens
Elemental LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Which scheme
is more specific?
Exhaustivity
Specificity
Rib
Comprehensive (type of school)
SAME
LEC
DDC
LEC elemental concepts #
LEC same as DDC #
Rek
Secondary school-upper
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC elemental concepts #
LEC more specific #
Mab Curriculum, syllabus, in general
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bept Statistics of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bap Educational opportunities, access to education
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC more specific #
More exhaustive : (LEC or DDC)
(more elemental concepts)
Overall more specific: LEC
No. of concepts
This is straight forward:
Organization and activities in secondary education
just boils down to Secondary education
Curricula
is simply Curricula
The next slide records these results
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 0. Example, Step 1 completed, now working on Step 2, Analysis
3373.19 Organization and activities in secondary education > curricula
Note: This class caption is all you need to semantic factor the DDC class to arrive at the
elemental concepts to put in column 2.
Conant, James Bryant, 1893-1978
The comprehensive high school; a second report to interested citizens
Elemental LEC concepts
Rib
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Comprehensive (type of school)
Which scheme
is more specific?
SAME
LEC
DDC
Rek Secondary school-upper
Secondary education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Mab Curriculum, syllabus, in general
Curricula
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bept Statistics of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bap Educational opportunities, access to education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Exhaustivity
Specificity
LEC elemental concepts #
LEC same as DDC #
DDC elemental concepts #
LEC more specific #
DDC more specific #
More exhaustive : (LEC or DDC)
(more elemental concepts)
Overall more specific: (LEC or DDC)
No. of concepts
For discussion and result of the analysis, go to the next slide
5
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 0. Example, completed
3373.19 Organization and activities in secondary education > curricula
Note: This class caption is all you need to semantic factor the DDC class to arrive at the
elemental concepts to put in column 2.
Conant, James Bryant, 1893-1978
The comprehensive high school; a second report to interested citizens
Elemental LEC concepts
Rib
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Comprehensive (type of school)
Which scheme
is more specific?
SAME
LEC
DDC
Rek Secondary school-upper
Secondary education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Mab Curriculum, syllabus, in general
Curricula
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bept Statistics of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bap Educational opportunities, access to education
SAME
LEC
DDC
1
0
No. of concepts
1
Exhaustivity
Specificity
LEC elemental concepts #
5 LEC same as DDC #
1
DDC elemental concepts #
2 LEC more specific #
1
DDC more specific #
0
More exhaustive (more el.
concepts): LEC
Overall more specific: LEC
Audio 4 min
6
Your turn
Analyze Documents 1, 2, and 3, Lecture Notes p. 425 – 427
Do your work on the paper form for Document 1, p. 425 in the Lecture Notes.
The slides for Document 1 take you through the steps
The first slide for Document 1 shows what to do for Step 1. Complete that part on the paper form,
The second slide for Document. 1 shows the results of Step 1, the semantic factoring. Compare with your own.
If the slide is different, you may want to correct your work on p. 425, then do Step 2, analysis
The third slide for Document 1 shows the results of Step 2. Compare your own analysis.
If your analysis is the same, you are done with Document1. If not, you may want to listen to the audio.
Repeat for Documents 2 and 3
No audio
7
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 1. Your work, Step 1 to do (in the Lecture Notes)
378.111 Higher Education > Organization and management; curriculums >
(administrative) Academic staff
Dibden, Arthur James, 1919-.
The academic deanship in American colleges and universities
LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Which scheme
is more specific?
Exhaustivity
Specificity
Sab Institutions of higher education
SAME
LEC
DDC
LEC elemental concepts #
LEC same as DDC #
Hab Management of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC elemental concepts #
LEC more specific #
Gan Dean
SAME
LEC
DDC
Ban Sociology of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC more specific #
More exhaustive: (LEC or DDC)
Overall more specific: (LEC or DDC)
No. of concepts
8
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 1. Your work, Step 1 completed, Step 2 to do (in the Lecture Notes)
378.111
Higher Education > Organization and management; curriculums >
(administrative) Academic staff
Dibden, Arthur James, 1919-.
The academic deanship in American colleges and universities
LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Which scheme
is more specific?
Exhaustivity
Specificity
Sab Institutions of higher education
Higher education
SAME
LEC
DDC
LEC elemental concepts #
LEC same as DDC
Hab Management of education
Organization and management
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC elemental concepts #
LEC more specific #
Gan Dean
(Administration) Academic staff
SAME
LEC
DDC
SAME
LEC
DDC
Ban Sociology of education
#
DDC more specific #
More exhaustive: (LEC or DDC)
Overall more specific: (LEC or DDC)
No. of concepts
I hope this is clear without further explanation. Step 2 and results discussed on next slide.
9
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 1. Completed
378.111
Higher Education > Organization and management; curriculums >
(administrative) Academic staff
Dibden, Arthur James, 1919-.
The academic deanship in American colleges and universities
LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Which scheme
is more specific?
Exhaustivity
Specificity
Sab Institutions of higher education
Higher education
SAME
LEC
DDC
LEC elemental concepts #
4
LEC same as DDC
#
2
Hab Management of education
Organization and management
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC elemental concepts #
3
LEC more specific #
1
Gan Dean
(Administration) Academic staff
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC more specific #
0
SAME
LEC
DDC
2
1
0
Ban Sociology of education
No. of concepts
If your analysis is different, you may want to listen to the audio (2 min).
More exhaustive: LEC
Overall more specific: LEC
10
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 2. Your work, Step 1 to do (in the Lecture Notes)
379.1214 Finance, supervision, control of public education > Assistance by central
governments > By national governments > For higher education
Wakefield, Rowan Albert, 1919Sources of Federal support for higher education.
Experimental systems for a national information network.
LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Sab Higher education
Which scheme
is more specific?
SAME
Dvo Computer
SAME
LEC
LEC
Exhaustivity
Specificity
LEC elemental concepts #
LEC same as DDC #
DDC elemental concepts #
LEC more specific #
DDC
DDC
DDC more specific #
Buxt Information services
SAME
LEC
DDC
More exhaustive: (LEC or DDC)
Bid Government: central
SAME
LEC
DDC
Betm Financial resources
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bepd Economics and education
SAME
LEC
DDC
No. of concepts
Overall more specific: (LEC or DDC)
11
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 2. Step 1 completed, Step 2 to do (in the Lecture Notes)
379.1214 Finance, supervision, control of public education > Assistance by central
governments > By national governments > For higher education
Wakefield, Rowan Albert, 1919Sources of Federal support for higher education.
Experimental systems for a national information network.
LEC concepts
Sab Higher education
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Higher education
Dvo Computer
Which scheme
is more specific?
SAME
SAME
LEC
LEC
Exhaustivity
Specificity
LEC elemental concepts #
LEC same as DDC #
DDC elemental concepts #
LEC more specific #
DDC
DDC
DDC more specific #
Buxt Information services
SAME
LEC
DDC
More exhaustive: (LEC or DDC)
Bid Government: central
Central governments
SAME
LEC
DDC
Betm Financial resources
Financial assistance
SAME
LEC
DDC
SAME
LEC
DDC
Bepd Economics and education
No. of concepts
Overall more specific: (LEC or DDC)
12
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 2. Completed
379.1214 Finance, supervision, control of public education > Assistance by central
governments > By national governments > For higher education
Wakefield, Rowan Albert, 1919Sources of Federal support for higher education.
Experimental systems for a national information network.
LEC concepts
Sab Higher education
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Higher education
Dvo Computer
Which scheme
is more specific?
SAME
SAME
Buxt Information services
SAME
LEC
LEC
LEC
Exhaustivity
LEC elemental concepts #
6 LEC same as DDC #
2
DDC elemental concepts #
3 LEC more specific #
0
DDC more specific #
1
DDC
DDC
DDC
More exhaustive: LEC
Bid Government: central
Central governments
SAME
LEC
DDC
Betm Financial resources
Financial assistance
SAME
LEC
DDC
SAME
LEC
DDC
2
0
1
Bepd Economics and education
No. of concepts
Specificity
Overall more specific: DDC
I hope that by now this is clear. If you need further clarification, pleas ask
13
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 3. Step 1 to do (in Lecture Notes)
027.8 School libraries
Delaney, Jack J.
The school librarian. Human relations problems.
LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Which scheme
is more specific?
Exhaustivity
Specificity
Svg School child, pupil
SAME
LEC
DDC
LEC elemental concepts
#
LEC same as DDC
#
Rag School education and systems
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC elemental concepts
#
LEC more specific
#
Lus Library
SAME
LEC
DDC
Jed Discipline (psychological aspects of
relationship)
SAME
LEC
DDC
Hab Management of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Get Librarian, teacher librarian
SAME
LEC
DDC
Fal Role, responsibility
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC more specific
More exhaustive: (LEC or DDC)
Overall more specific: (LEC or DDC)
No. of concepts
14
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 3. Step 1 done, Step 2 to do (in Lecture Notes)
027.8 School libraries
Delaney, Jack J.
The school librarian. Human relations problems.
LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Svg School child, pupil
Which scheme
is more specific?
Exhaustivity
Specificity
SAME
LEC
DDC
LEC elemental concepts #
LEC same as DDC
DDC elemental concepts #
LEC more specific
Rag School education and systems
School- (elementary/secondary)
SAME
LEC
DDC
Lus Library
Libraries
SAME
LEC
DDC
Jed Discipline (psychological aspects of
relationship)
SAME
LEC
DDC
Hab Management of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Get Librarian, teacher librarian
SAME
LEC
DDC
Fal Role, responsibility
SAME
LEC
DDC
DDC more specific
More exhaustive: ( LEC or DDC)
Overall more specific: (LEC or DDC)
No. of concepts
15
Comparison LEC – DDC. Document 3. Completed
027.8 School libraries
Delaney, Jack J.
The school librarian. Human relations problems.
LEC concepts
Elemental concepts
from DDC class
Svg School child, pupil
Which scheme
is more specific?
Specificity
SAME
LEC
DDC
LEC elemental concepts
7 LEC same as DDC
2
DDC elemental concepts
2 LEC more specific
0
Rag School education and systems
School- (elementary/secondary)
SAME
LEC
DDC
Lus Library
Libraries
SAME
LEC
DDC
Jed Discipline (psychological aspects of
relationship)
SAME
LEC
DDC
Hab Management of education
SAME
LEC
DDC
Get Librarian, teacher librarian
SAME
LEC
DDC
Fal Role, responsibility
SAME
LEC
DDC
No. of concepts
Exhaustivity
2
0
DDC more specific
More exhaustive: LEC
0
Overall more specific: Both the same
0
16
Exhaustivity and Specificity of Indexing
London Education Classification (LEC) vs. DDC
This completes the exercise
As a general tendency, indexing with LEC is both more exhaustive and more specific than DDC.
More generally, indexing with several elemental descriptors that together express what the document
is about and relevant more, enables higher exhaustivity than indexing with one precombined
descriptor from a classification designed for shelf arrangement.
Indexing with several elemental descriptors also tends to be more specific since a shelf classification
may not have a precombined descriptor for a specific combination such as transportation in Bavaria;
the available precombined descriptor may by transportation in Germany. But depending on the
particular systems being compared, for some documents indexing with system A may be more
specific, for other documents system B.
17