Unit 1 Revision: Cloze Exercise 2.
Cell Function & Inheritance
ATP, Energy Transfer & Sources of Energy
WORD BANK: AEROBIC, ANAEROBIC, CARBON, CO-ENZYMES, CONSTANT,
CRISTIE, CUSHIONS, CYTOPLASM, DIETARY, DISACCHARIDES, DOUBLE,
ENERGY, GLYCOLYSIS, INSOLUBLE, INSULATION, KREBS, LACTIC ACID,
MATRIX, OXIDATION, OXYGEN, PHOSPHATE, PHOSPHORYLATION,
POLYSACCHARIDES, PYRUVIC ACIC, REDUCTION, RESPIRATION,
STARVATION, STORE, TISSUE, TRANSFER, VITIMINS WATER.
1. ATP is a high
and
compound which is able to release
chemical energy when it is required for cellular processes.
2. ATP is regenerated from ADP and inorganic
of
by the process
using energy released during respiration.
3. The quantity of ATP in the body remains fairly
since ATP is
manufactured at the same rate as it is used up.
4.
substance:
is the removal of electrons (and hydrogen) from a
is the addition of electrons (or hydrogen) to a
substance.
5.
is a biochemical pathway common to aerobic and anaerobic
respiration. It involves the breakdown of glucose to
the
of a cell with the net gain of 2 ATP.
6. In the presence of oxygen, aerobic
central
oxidised during the
in
occurs in the
of mitochondria where the respiratory substrate is
cycle and hydrogen is released.
7. The hydrogen becomes temporarily bound to
which transfers
it to the cytochrome system on the
of mitochondria where
energy is released and used to form ATP.
8. As a result of
ATP.
respiration, one molecule of glucose yields 38
and CO2 are the final metabolic products.
9. In the absence of oxygen,
respiration occurs and one molecule
of glucose yields 2 ATP with
as the metabolic product.
10. Carbohydrates are composed of
and
, hydrogen
. They are rich in energy.
11. Monosaccharides and
are soluble carbohydrates of relatively
small molecular size:
are
carbohydrates of
large molecular size.
12. Lipids (fats) are also composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They act as
a
of energy. Fat liberates more than
the
energy released by an equal mass of carbohydrate.
13. Lipid provides thermal and nerve
feet act as
soluble
. Pads of fat on hands and
. Fats aid the transport of fat. Steroid hormones are composed of fat-related
molecules.
14. Excess
energy;
during prolonged
protein provides the body with some of its
protein is not a source of energy except
.
ANSWERS: Unit 1 Revision: Cloze Exercise 2.
Cell Function & Inheritance
ATP, Energy Transfer & Sources of Energy
1. ATP is a high energy compound which is able to release and store chemical energy
when it is required for cellular processes.
2. ATP is regenerated from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the process
of phosphorylation using energy released during respiration.
3. The quantity of ATP in the body remains fairly constant since ATP is manufactured
at the same rate as it is used up.
4. Oxidation is the removal of electrons (and hydrogen) from a substance: reduction is
the addition of electrons (or hydrogen) to a substance.
5. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway common to aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It
involves the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm of a cell with the
net gain of 2 ATP.
6. In the presence of oxygen, aerobic respiration occurs in the central matrix of
mitochondria where the respiratory substrate is oxidised during the Krebs cycle and
hydrogen is released.
7. The hydrogen becomes temporarily bound to co-enzymes which transfers it to the
cytochrome system on the cristae of mitochondria where energy is released and used
to form ATP.
8. As a result of aerobic respiration, one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP. Water and
CO2 are the final metabolic products.
9. In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs and one molecule of glucose
yields 2 ATP with lactic acid as the metabolic product.
10. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are rich in
energy.
11. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are soluble carbohydrates of relatively small
molecular size: polysaccharides are insoluble carbohydrates of large molecular size.
12. Lipids (fats) are also composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They act as
a transfer of energy. Fat liberates more than double the energy released by an equal
mass of carbohydrate.
13. Lipid provides thermal and nerve insulation. Pads of fat on hands and feet act
as cushions. Fats aid the transport of fat-soluble vitamins. Steroid hormones are
composed of fat-related molecules.
14. Excess dietary protein provides the body with some of its energy; tissue protein is
not a source of energy except during prolonged starvation.