Committee D30 on Composite Materials
Current Work in Standard Test Methods
Development
Carl Rousseau, D30 Chairman (LM Aero)
Adam Sawicki, D30 Vice-Chairman (Boeing)
Jen Rodgers, D30 Staff Mgr (ASTM)
Outline
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ASTM D30 Overview and Overall
Objective
D30 Organization
ASTM Process Description
D30 Standards Summary
New Standards – 2005 to 2009
Current Work Items
Future Objectives
Relationships
2
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3
Committee D30 on Composite Materials
Committee D30 formed in 1964 (with heritage to
the early ‘50s) out of Committee D20 on Plastics
Current (2009) D30 Scope
“The Committee will develop standard test methods, practices,
terminology, and guides; sponsor symposia; stimulate research;
and exchange technical information pertaining to composite
materials (primarily those with fibrous reinforcement), as well as
to reinforcing fibers with a Young's modulus greater than 20
GPa (3 Msi).
This Committee will not develop standard specifications.”
D30 Objective
A complete, effective, and coordinated suite
of testing standards for composites
4
D30 Committee Membership
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OEMs
Testing Laboratories
Material Suppliers
Component Fabricators
Academic & Research Institutions
Government and Certification Agencies
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US Army, Air Force, Navy, NASA
FAA, CAA
NIST, non-US standards groups
5
ASTM Technical Committee Organization
MAIN COMMITTEE
Subcommittee
.01
Subcommittee
.02
Technical Committees form
to address specific industry
issues. They develop
scopes to define their
jurisdiction.
Subcommittees are
established to address subsets
Subcommittee of specialized subject matter
.03
under the scope of the Main
Committee.
Subcommittees further
Task Group
Task Group organize their expertise
into small Task Groups.
1
2
This is the level at which
documents are first
The 138 Technical Committees, 2,000+
developed and are
Subcommittees, & thousands more Task Groups subsequently revised.
produce 1,200 drafts, or revisions to drafts,
annually.
6
D30 Committee Organization
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D30.01 Editorial and Resource Standards
D30.02 Research and Mechanics
 D30.02.03 Test Method Reconstruction
 D30.02.04 Interlaminar Fracture Analysis Benchmarking
D30.03 Constituent/Precursor Properties
D30.04 Lamina and Laminate Test Methods
D30.05 Structural Test Methods
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D30.05.01 Civil and Marine
D30.06 Interlaminar Properties
D30.09 Sandwich Construction
D30.90 Executive
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D30.91 Planning
D30.92 Awards
D30.94 Technical Specialists
7
ASTM International Balloting Process
COMMITTEE ON
STANDARDS (COS)
MAIN COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEE
TASK
GROUP
4) As a final check, a standing committee
(COS) of the ASTM Board of Directors
reviews the process by which each standard
is developed or revised, to ensure compliance
with ASTM regulations.
3) After S/C approval the Main Committee votes. If
approved it is presented to the Committee on
Standards for final review. Otherwise it returns to
the Task Group for re-work & balloting is repeated.
2) A completed draft is voted on by the
Subcommittee. If approved, it moves to a
Main Committee vote. If not, it returns to the
Task Group for re-drafting.
1) Starting Point. Documents are drafted,
and continually revised, in the Task Group
by a few members who specialize in the
subject matter. This is where the bulk of
the activity occurs.
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D30 Standards Breakdown, 2009
Subcommittee
Standards
No.
Name
Published
Draft
D30.01
Resource Standards
6
0
D30.02
Research and Mechanics
NA
NA
D30.03
Constituent/Precursor Properties
8
0
D30.04
Lamina/Laminate Test Methods
20
3
D30.05
Structural Test Methods
13
6
D30.06
Interlaminar Properties
5
1
D30.09
Sandwich Construction
20
4
72
13
Total
9
2009 D30 Standards Summary
(with most pre-existing standards updated)
Constituent
Fiber Tension
Fiber Density
Tow Density
Fiber Content
Resin Content
Volatiles Content
Fiber Areal Weight
Core Density
Core Thickness
Core Shear
Core Compression
Core Shear Fatigue
Core Water Absorption
(and more)
Lamina(te)
Structure
Other
Tension
Open-Hole Tension
Terminology
Compression
Open-Hole Compression Fabrication Practice
Shear
Filled-Hole Tension
Orientation Code
Unnotched Fatigue
Filled-Hole Compression General Test Guide
Short-Beam Strength Bearing
Textile Test Guide
Flexure Response
Bearing-Bypass Interaction Database Records
Fiber Volume
Bearing Fatigue
Mode I Fracture
Damage Impact Resistance
Mixed-Mode Fracture Residual Strength After Damage
Mode I Fracture Fatigue Sandwich Beam Flexure
Ply Thickness
Sandwich Panel Flexure
Moisture Absorption
Sandwich Flexure/Creep
Glass Transition
Fastener Pull-Through
(and more)
(and more)
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D4762 –Gateway to D30 Standards
Standard Guide to Testing
Polymer Matrix
Composite Materials
– The major 2004 revision now
briefly summarizes the scope,
advantages, and disadvantages
of related D30 standards, as well
as other commonly referenced
related standards of other ASTM
committees.
– An aid in education and selection
of appropriate standards for use
with advanced composite
materials
– 2008 update has been
published, includes
information on standards
published 2004-07
11
2005-09: New D30 Standards
D 7078/D 7078M: Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Rail Shear
Method
D 7136/D 7136M: Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix
Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
D 7137/D 7137M: Test Method for Compression Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix
Composite Plates
D 7205/D7205M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars
D 7248/D7248M: Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite
Laminates Using 2-Fastener Specimens
D 7249/D7249M: Test Method for Facing Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
D 7250/D7250M: Practice for Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural and Shear Stiffness
D 7264/D7264M: Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil
Engineering Structural Applications
D 7291/D7291M: Test Method for Through-Thickness "Flatwise" Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Material
D 7332/D7332M: Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer Matrix Composite
D 7336/D7336M: Test Method for Static Energy Absorption Properties of Honeycomb Sandwich Core
Materials
D 7337/D7337M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars
12
2005-09: New D30 Standards (cont)
D 7028: Test Method for Glass Transition Temperature (DMA Tg) of Polymer Matrix Composites by
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
D 7522/D 7522M: Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate
13
Recent Efforts: Updates
C271/C271M: Core Density
C272: Sandwich Water Absorption
C273/C273M: Sandwich Shear
9 D30.09 standards
C274: Sandwich Terminology
updated to standard
C297/C297M: Sandwich Flatwise Tension Strength
D30 format to
improve
C363/C363M: Honeycomb Core Node Tensile Strength
consistency.
C364/C364M: Sandwich Edgewise Compression Strength
C365/C365M: Core Compressive Properties
C366/C366M: Core Thickness Measurement
C393/C393M: Sandwich Core Properties by Long Beam Flexure
C394: Sandwich Shear Fatigue
C480: Sandwich Flexural Creep
C481: Sandwich Laboratory Aging
D6416/D6416M: Sandwich 2D Plate Flexure Properties
D6772: Core Dimensional Stability
D6790: Core Poisson’s Ratio
D7249/D7249M: Sandwich Facing Properties by Long Beam Flexure
D7250/D7250M: Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural & Shear Stiffness
D7336/D7336M: Honeycomb Core Static Energy Absorption
F1645/F1645M: Honeycomb Core Water Migration
14
Recent Efforts: Sandwich Long Beam
Flexure Standards
In 2006, C393-00 was replaced with 3 standards:
C393: core shear stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method)
– 3-point loading configuration is standard; alternative configurations retained for
historical continuity.
– Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote core shear failure.
D7249: facing stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method)
– 4-point loading configuration is standard.
– Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote facing failure.
D7250: determining sandwich beam flexural and shear stiffness (practice)
– Data reduction and calculations for flexural and shear stiffness determination
using C393 and D7249.
C393
D7249
15
Recent Efforts:
Civil Infrastructure Standards
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D30.05 subcommittee working with ACI Committee 440 to publish civil
infrastructure composite test methods.
– TG consists of about 20 D30 and ACI subject matter experts.
– Key contacts are Drs. Abdul Zureick and Russell Gentry (Georgia Tech).
– D30 met jointly with ACI in March 2009 (San Antonio, TX).
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17 ACI 440 documents being transitioned into ASTM documents.
Four ACI standards are currently published as ASTM standards:
– D 7205/D7205M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix
Composite Bars
– D 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for
Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering Structural Applications
– D 7337/D7337M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix
Composite Bars
– D 7522/D 7522M: Pull-Off Strength for FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate

Another ACI standard is in D30 committee ballot:
– WK17184: Tensile Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
used for Strengthening of Civil Structures
16
Recent Efforts:
New DMA Tg Standard

D 7028 for glass transition temperature by Dynamic Mechanical
Analysis (DMA) was published in 2007.
– Based upon process improvements derived from a round-robin study.
– Significant efforts by Mike Stuart (Cytec) and Joy Wu (Hexcel).

Key process improvements:
– Guidance on equipment calibration.
– Methods for characterizing and interpreting DMA thermograms.

A research report from the round-robin testing is in preparation.
17
Current Standards Initiatives
• Draft standard test methods are currently in-work for a
number of other items, including:
– Open-hole fatigue testing
– Additional testing modes for interlaminar fracture
– Sandwich cleavage fracture toughness
– Non-ambient environmental testing
– Sandwich panel impact resistance
– Sandwich panel residual strength
18
Possible New Standards
Other technical areas for possible D30
standards development include:
– HPLC and FTIR
– Large-scale CAI
– Creep
– Stress-rupture
– Notched laminate testing guide
– FEM-based VCCT benchmarking
19
BENCHMARK PROBLEM: DCB SPECIMEN
•
DCB benchmark
•
2D plane strain and plane stress analysis
•
Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT)
UD24: [0]24 T300/914C
2h=3.0 mm
2L=150.0 mm
B=25.0 mm
a=30.5 mm
•
Full 3D solid
analysis
1


Fy i  v  v* 
 l
l 
2ab
1


GII 
Fxi  u  u* 
l

l 
2ab
GI 
20
MANUALLY CREATING A BENCHMARK
SOLUTION FOR A DCB SPECIMEN*
•
Load/displacement plots for different
delamination lengths a (/2=1.0 mm)
80
70
60
50
load P,
N
•
Benchmark case
80
70
G= 0.30 kJ/m2
a=30mm
a=31mm
a=32mm
a=33mm
a=34mm
a=35mm
a=40mm
G= 0.27
G= 0.24
G= 0.22
G= 0.19
G= 0.17
40
kJ/m2
kJ/m2
kJ/m2
kJ/m2
kJ/m2
60
50
Ic
0.17 kJ/m 2
2
G= 0.11 kJ/m
20
10
20
10
•
G= G =
load P, 40
N
30
30
0
0.0
a=30 mm
a=31 mm
a=32 mm
a=33 mm
a=34 mm
a=35 mm
a=40 mm
b enchmark
0
0.0
 /2=1.0

crit
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
/2=0.75
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
21
applied opening displacement /2, mm
1.4
applied opening displacement /2, mm
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
applied opening displacement /2, mm
1.4
80
Mathematical relationship between load
and energy release rate
2
P 2 CP
GT P
G 


 2
2 A
Gc Pcrit
Gc
 Pcrit  P
,
GT
Gc
crit  
GT
* R. Krueger, NASA/TM-2008-215123, 2008.
70
b enchmark
ABAQUS
60
50
load P,
N
40
30
20
10
0
0.0
Future D30 Objectives
• Add more quantitative precision statements based on
accurate and effective round-robin test programs
• Improve balance between a concise lab procedure and
detailed explanatory guidance or requirements
• Increase exposure and acceptance in non-aerospace and
international markets
• Expand into non-aerospace statistical assurance of
measured properties
22
Current and Future Relationships

Cooperation with CMH-17 (MIL-HDBK-17) on consensus
test methods and testing guidance

Cooperation with SAE Committee P-17 on test methods for
consensus standard composite material specifications

Cooperation with ACI Committee 440 on civil infrastructure
standards

Standards supporting marine product development

Collaboration and joint meetings/conferences with
CMH-17, ASC,and SAMPE

Future interaction with independent test lab certification
organizations, such as PRI/NADCAP
23
D30 Committee Contacts
D30 Officers (2008-2009)
Chairman, Carl Rousseau (LM Aero)
Vice-Chair, Adam Sawicki (Boeing IDS)
Recording Secretary, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter)
Membership Secretary, James Ratcliffe (NASA)
Past Chairman, Rich Fields (LM M&FC)
Past Chairman, Gene Camponeschi (US Navy)
D30 Members-At-Large
Bill Bertelsen (Gougeon Brothers)
Paul Lagace (MIT)
Jian Li (Boeing IDS)
Steve Ward (Consultant)
ASTM Staff
Jen Rodgers, D30 Staff Mgr
Barbara Lake, D30 Admin Asst
Karen Wilson, D30 Secretary
Jessica Rosiak, D30 Editor
D30 Subcommittee Chairs
.01, Editorial/Resource, Paul Lagace (MIT)
.02, Research & Mechanics, Ron Kreuger (NIA)
.03, Constituent/Precursor, Bill Grant (Specialty Materials)
.04, Lamina/Laminate, Mark Kistner (USAF)
.05, Structural, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter)
.06, Interlaminar, James Ratcliffe (NIA)
.09, Sandwich, Steve Ward (consultant)
24
ASTM International
Committee D30 on Composite Materials
www.astm.org
www.astm.org/COMMIT/D30.htm