FRAD
A Personal View
Ed Jones
ALA annual conference <2008, Anaheim, CA>
Quote
“You see things; and say ‘Why?’ But I dream
things that never were; and I say ‘Why not?’”
—Bernard Shaw (spoken by the Serpent to Eve in Back
to Methuselah)
What I’m going to talk about
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2
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Records and data
GARR, we hardly know ye
Names and persons
Persons and attributes
How the Germans do it
Relationships, works, and names
What I’m not going to talk about
Records (to make catalog cards)
Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, graf, 1828-1910.
[Voĭna i mir. English]
x Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, graf, 1828-1910. [War and peace]
Found: His War and peace, 1983.
Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, graf, 1828-1910.
[War and peace]
See Tolstoĭ, Lev Nikolaevich, graf, 1828-1910.
[Voĭna i mir. English]
How authority control worked in a
card catalog:
On item:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg
On card in drawer 1:
Department of …
Departments are entered under the name of the body or
government to which they are subordinate (e.g., University of Reading.
Dept. of Geography; United States. Dept. of the Interior; etc.)
On card in drawer 2 at the other end of the catalog:
University of Heidelberg
see Heidelberg. Universität
On card in drawer 3:
Heidelberg. Universität. Dept. of Psychiatry
see Heidelberg. Universität. Psychiatrische Klinik
To summarize:
Authority records in a card catalog
 The system guided the user to the resource
 The system anticipated the user’s missteps
 The user couldn’t make a typo
 The user got exercise
 The system was carbon-neutral
Online, the card catalog doesn’t work
so well
Futurama: Data
Tolstoy, Leo, 1828-1910
[Voĭna i mir. English]
< Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910. [War and peace]
Found: His War and peace, 1983.
Summary: “An epic novel of Russian society in the early 19th century. The war with
Napoleon-led France is the backdrop to personal stories of members from four
aristocratic families: the Bezuhovs, Bolkonskys, Kuragins, and Rostovs. Love, death,
war, spiritual struggle, and financial loss bring personal growth for the characters and
underscore the main theme: the search for the meaning of life.”—Cliff notes.
Readability: Fog 12.4, Flesch 61.7, Flesch-Kincaid 9.5
1. NAPOLEONIC WARS, 1800-1815—CAMPAIGNS—RUSSIA—FICTION
2. RUSSIA—HISTORY—ALEXANDER I, 1801-1825—FICTION
Translation of: Война и мир
Select edition by translator
Select edition by publisher
Sources: GARR
 1st ed. 1993 [GARE]
Guidelines for Authority and Reference Entries
 2nd ed. 2001 [GARR]
Guidelines for Authority Records and References
GARR prescribed punctuation
Authority records and displays
=
Parallel heading
<
“See from” reference
<<
“See also from” reference
Reference entry records and displays
>
“See” reference
>>
“See also” reference
Combined entry
All of the above plus >><<
GARR areas
(authority records and displays)
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
Authorized heading area
Information note area
See reference tracing area
See also reference tracing area
Cataloger’s note area
Source area
ISADN area [R.I.P.]
GARR in practice: Bn-Opale
GARR in practice (sort of): NACO
FRAD sources
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FRBR
GARR
UNIMARC Authorities
MLAR
ISAAR(CPF)
Bibliographic entities, names, and
controlled access points
Bibliographic entities, names, and
controlled access points
 Džo Šmo (person)
 Džo Šmo (name)
 Šmo, Džo (controlled access point)
 Džo Šmo (controlled access point)
 Josef Schmo (name)
 Schmo, Josef (controlled access point)
 Josef Schmo (controlled access point)
 Joseph “Jojo” Chmeau (name)
 Chmeau, Joseph (controlled access point)
 Chmeau, Jojo (controlled access point)
 Joseph “Jojo” Chmeau (controlled access point)
Undifferentiated personal name
Alternate models
 Many persons, one name:
 Manually change hdgs. on bib records as
each person is set free
 One person, one name
 Automatically merge hdgs. on bib
records as each person is set free
Differentiated names
Robert Baker (Disambiguation)
Click on the appropriate name below:
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Baker, Robert
[Joint author of Polaroid Land photography, etc.]
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Baker, Robert
[Author of Dryland agriculture bibliography, etc.]
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Baker, Robert
[Signer of The Steadfast tin soldier]
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Baker, Robert
[Author of The Factory Acts made easy, etc.]

Baker, Robert
[U.S. Forest Service employee]
< Baker, Spike
Disambiguating with attributes
Beyond undifferentiated names:
Non-unique names
Non-unique names:
Ambiguating
FRAD person attributes
From FRBR (AACR2 additions to names):
Dates associated with the person
Title of person
Other designation associated with the person
New:
Gender
Place of birth
Place of death
Country
Place of residence
Affiliation
Address
Language of person
Field of activity
Profession/occupation
Biography/history
New attributes: German
MAB2-PND 815: Daten zur Person in normierter Form
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
u
v
Dates of birth/death
Dates of activity
Place of birth
Place of death
Place of activity/address
Gender
Country [USEFUL]
Language of person [USEFUL]
Profession/occupation
Academic title (e.g., Professor)
Military rank
Titel von Universalgelehrten (e.g., Meister)
Personal relations (e.g., sister of Thomas Mann)
Other dates (e.g., exile)
Comments
MARC21 Authorities:
How can we populate the German
attributes?
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Dates associated with the person: 100$d
Title of person: 100$c
Other associated designation: 100$c
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Gender: 670$a initial “His” or “Her”
Place of birth: 670$b (free text) or 678 (free text)
Place of death: 670$b (free text) or 678 (free text)
Country: 670$b (free text)
Place of residence: 670$b (free text) or 678 (free text)
Affiliation: 670$b (free text) or 678 (free text)
Address: 670$b (free text)
Language of person: 670$b (free text)
Field of activity: 670$b (free text) or 678 (free text)
Profession/occupation: 670$b (free text) or 678 (free text)
Biography/history: 678 (free text)
So what do the Germans do?
Verknüpfte Publikationen
Control numbers (not to be
confused with IDENTIFIERS)
 LC/n50036026
 DNB/118569740
 BNF/FRBNF120369116
FOR [control number] GET [element1,
element2 … elementn]
The power of the control number
http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/ca11890041f/ISBD
http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=4.1/REL?PPN=118624822
http://lccn.loc.gov/2004268170
http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu:80/F/?func=direct&doc_number
=001027163&local_base=MIU01_PUB
Wikipedia.de
Wikipedia.de catalog search
Wikipedia.de PND error reports
Works and names (1)
History of <incoming link here>
<incoming link here> has been published under a succession of titles. Click on the
appropriate link below:
1923-1935:
Journal of the unchanging title
1936-1945:
Journal of the occasionally changing title, but only for a very good reason
1946-1971:
International journal of the whimsically changing title
1972:
Very annoying journal of the seemingly pointlessly changing title
(title varies slightly and frequently)
Select a translation by language
Works and names (2)
History of <incoming link here>
<incoming link here> has been known by a succession of names. Its history is given below.
Click on the appropriate link below:
1948-1961:
Organisation for European Economic Co-operation
1961Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is an organization of
industrialized countries, established in 1961 and based in Paris, which seeks to promote
coordination of economic and social policies among members, to make resources of
capital and training available to developing countries, to contribute to the expansion of
world trade, and to foster cooperation in fields such as education, energy, and transport. It
was created as a replacement for the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,
which had been formed in 1948 by those countries receiving aid under the Marshall
Plan.—A Dictionary of World History (Oxford UP, 2000)
New relationships: membership
Person  member of  Family
Kennedy family (Joseph and Rose Kennedy)
Search also under the names of its members
John F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy
Edward M. Kennedy
Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy
[etc.]
Bn-Opale
New relationships: hierarchical
Subordinate body  part of  Superior body
American Library Association
Search also under its components:
Association for Library Collections and Technical Services
Library and Information Technology Association
Public Library Association
[etc.]
New relationships: FRBR
Lord of the rings (J. R. R. Tolkien)
Summary: Impossible to summarize.
Search also under the names of the 3 component books:
>> The fellowship of the ring (J. R. R. Tolkien)
>> The two towers (J. R. R. Tolkien)
>> The return of the king (J. R. R. Tolkien)
and under the name of its predecessor:
>> The hobbit (J. R. R. Tolkien)
Select a translation by language
What I didn’t talk about
What I really didn’t talk about
Conclusion
 As the FRBR conceptual model has
encouraged us to look at bibliographic
records in new ways, so the FRAD
model encourages us to look at
authority data in new ways
 Like libraries, these conceptual
models are growing organisms
4.3 Attributes of a corporate body
 Entity: the German Foreign Office
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is known as Germany. Auswärtiges Amt and assigned
info:lccn/n50074159
 Is known as Deutschland. Auswärtiges Amt and
assigned info:d-nb.de/021177119
 Is known as Allemagne. Auswärtiges Amt and
assigned info:ark/12148/cb123509443
 But…
 Germany applies to 1871-1945 and 1991+
 Deutschland and Allemagne apply only to 1991+
Attributes:
Dates associated with a corporate body
 1871-1945
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Germany. Auswärtiges Amt
Deutschland <Deutsches Reich>. Auswärtiges Amt
Allemagne (1871-1945). Auswärtiges Amt
 1990+
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Germany. Auswärtiges Amt
Deutschland. Auswärtiges Amt
Allemagne. Auswärtiges Amt
Identifiers (the entity)
 ISSNs may be assigned to more than
one instance of a bibliographic entity:
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Print original
Reprint 1, 2, etc.
Microfilm 1, 2, etc.
Microfiche 1, 2, etc.
VIAF
Person
 Individual or persona
 = natural or public identity [ISNI]
RDA-FRAD mapping
 FRBR entity attributes well mapped
 NAME entity mapped as “known by”
relationship from FRAD diagram
 CONTROLLED ACCESS POINT poorly
mapped
 No Base access point attribute
 No Addition attribute
 Both overlap related FRBR entity attributes
Deutsche Nationalbibliographie
Deutsche Nationalbibliographie
Smith, John (Künstler) (|1652-1742)
Lebensdaten: |1652-1742
Beruf/Funktion: 4033423-5 Künstler
Bibliographie nationale française
Smith, John (1652-1742)
Nationalité(s) : Grande-Bretagne
Sexe : masculin
Responsabilité(s) exercée(s) sur les documents : Auteur
Naissance : 1652, Daventrey, GB
Mort : 1742, Northampton, GB
Profession(s) : peintre, dessinateur, graveur
Domaine(s) d'expression artistique : peinture, dessin,
estampe
NACO (UkLW)
Smith, John, 1652-1743
Found: Allegorical figures of Love, Hope and Beauty
struggling with the figure of Time. Mezzotint by J. Smith
after S. Vouet)
Found: Oxford dictionary of national biography, 2004:
(Smith, John, 1652-1743; engraver; in the first class of
mezzotint engravers)
Customizing attributes
Boswell, James, 1740-1795.
[Life of Samuel Johnson]
1. Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.
2. Authors, English—18th century—
Biography.
4.3 Attributes of a corporate body
MARC21: Where are the attributes?
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Associated place
Associated dates
Associated other designation
Type of body
Language of body
Address
Field of activity
History: 678
OPAC: What’s the tag?
 [111] Selma to Montgomery Rights
March (1965 : Selma, Ala.)
 [150] Holmes, Sherlock (Fictitious
character)
 [130] Time [n 94056291]
 [150] Time [sh 85135395]
Library crosswalks
 VIAF
Cross-sector crosswalks
 <indecs> primitives
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Being
Thing
Concept
Event
Situation
Cross-sector crosswalk
Undifferentiated headings
 As long as the identifier distinguishes
them, the names themselves can be
identical
 Easier to retroactively combine
multiple records into one than to
separate one into many