1ST Nine Weeks Review Sheet
Name _____________________________________
1. What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
Observation can be detected using one of your senses – inferences you must use prior
knowledge to determine.
2. What makes visible light appear as different colors?
Differing wavelengths.
3. How are EM waves different from mechanical waves?
Do not require a medium to travel through
4. What makes X-rays and Gamma rays so dangerous?
Higher frequency – more energy
5. How could infrared light help cold-blooded animals?
Increase body temperature
6. Draw and label a diagram of the EM Spectrum starting with the longest wavelength and lowest
frequency.
**See worksheet that was given in class for test 3.
7. What is the range of the EM waves when they are placed in a certain order?
Electromagnetic Spectrum
8. What are the benefits of UV rays?
Help the body produce vitamin D.
9. What phenomenon allows objects underwater to look like they are in a different place?
Refraction
10. What happens to light as it passes from air to another medium?
It slows down and refracts (if it is at an angle)
11. What are the types of seismic waves and what materials can they travel through?
Primary (P) waves – solids and liquids
Secondary (S) waves – solids but NOT liquids
Surface waves – solids, liquids, and gasses
12. List examples of mechanical waves and EM waves.
Mechanical waves – seismic and sound
EM waves – radio, micro, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, Gamma
13. What is the amplitude of a mechanical wave?
The maximum distance that the particles of a medium move from the rest position to a
crest or the rest position to a trough.
14. Describe the Doppler Effect.
The change in pitch that happens when a sound source is moving. Coming towards you –
higher pitch OR going away from you – lower pitch.
15. What is the formula for calculating a wave’s speed?
Wave speed = wavelength x frequency
16. List the characteristics of waves.
Amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed.
17. What factors affect the speed that sound travels?
Elasticity, density, and temperature – different in different mediums
18. What is the intensity of a sound wave?
The amount of energy it carries per second through a unit of area.
19. Why does a wave travel through a medium?
The energy from the wave passes from particle to particle
20. What phenomenon allows you to hear sound around a corner?
Diffraction
21. Why do we have seasons on Earth?
Earth is tilted on the axis as it orbits the sun.
22. How is the tilt of the earth related to the length of days and nights?
The hemisphere tilted towards the sun has longer days and the hemisphere tilted away
from the sun has shorter days.
23. What is the formula for calculating the speed of an object?
Speed = distance / time
24. Define gravity.
The force of attraction that pulls objects together (towards each other)
25. What does the force of gravity depend upon?
Mass and distance
26. Draw a force diagram that shows what happens when two forces act in the same direction, then
another to show what happens when they act in opposite directions.
*See Force power point
27. What are balanced forces and what result do they produce?
The net force acting on an object is 0. No movement or no change in speed.
28. What are unbalanced forces and what result do they produce?
The net force acting on an object does not equal 0.
29. What is an umbra, penumbra, and how are they related to eclipses?
Umbra is the darkest part of the shadow – you can see the total eclipse if you are in this.
Penumbra is the part of the shadow around the darkest part – you can see only a partial eclipse if
you are in this.
30. A lunar eclipse can only occur during what moon phase?
Full moon
31. A solar eclipse can only occur during what moon phase?
New moon
32. Draw a diagram of the Earth, moon, and the tides. Label the points experiencing high tides and
low tides.
**See phases, tides, and eclipse power point
33. What is a spring tide and when does it occur?
Highest possible high tide that occurs when the Earth, Sun, and Moon are in a straight line.
34. What is a neap tide and when does it occur?
Lowest possible high tide that occurs when the Earth, Sun, and Moon form a right angle.
35. What determines the phase of the moon you see?
How much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth
36. What are marias and craters?
Marias are large, dark, flat areas on the moon formed from lava flows
Craters are indentations on the moon that are formed from impact of the meteoroids.
37. How long does it take for the moon to go through all of its phases?
About a month (27.3 days)
38. What is the difference between Earth’s rotation and revolution?
Rotation is spinning on the axis (takes 24 hours – one day)
Revolution is orbiting the sun (takes 365.242 days)
39. What makes rockets move forward?
The gases shoot out of the bottom of the rocket. Thrust – Newton’s 3rd law of motion.
40. What do we use to explore deep space?
Unmanned space probes
41. What was the major advantage of using space shuttles to explore space?
They can be reused.
42. Name two benefits of NASA and Space Exploration to the average person.
Satellites and Space Spin-offs – how they can be applied to daily life.
43. What is a geosynchronous orbit?
Satellites that stay in the same place above the earth.
44. What is a space spin-off?
Something that was designed for space but now used on Earth.
45. How do satellites help us?
Communication, predicting weather, and observing the Earth’s surface.
***How do scientists believe that the moon was formed? By a large planetestimal object hit the earth
and part of the mantle was thrown into space.