Monty Python - Witch Hunting
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp_l5ntikaU
Monty Python Communist Quiz Show
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZ9myHhpS9s
THE
COLD WAR AT HOME
Objective…
Describe how the U.S. government
fought the Cold War in America.
A propaganda comic
book published in
1947 that raised the
concern of a
Communist takeover
in America.
Propaganda film: How to spot a Communist:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkYl_AH-qyk&feature=related
Why were Americans worried
about the security of the US?
• The Soviet control of Eastern Europe
• Communist take over in China
• 100K Americans in the Communist Party
National Security State
The national security state….
- 1941 - 900K employees… 10% in security
- 1945 - 4M employees… 75 % in security
36) National Security Act (1947)…
-Dept. of Defense…
-C.I.A…
-N.S.C…President,
VP, Sec of State,
Sec. of Treasury,
Joint Chiefs, CIA…
37) Executive Order 9835
The Federal Employment Loyalty Program
- Investigated government employees from 1947-58.
- 3.2M investigated…378 fired… 5,000 resigned
- Employees fired for "reasonable doubt" of : Crimes,
violent overthrow, disclosure of confidential
information, or membership in a subversive
organizations.
- No appeal beyond loyalty boards
- No permission to confront a "confidential informant"
38) I & E: Attorney General Tom Clark
Referring to: Unions, strikes &
preventing law & order…
“ a sinister & deep-seated
plot on the part of communists,
ideologists & small groups of
radicals”
Who did Clark target with his
actions?...
Were Clark’s actions a
violation of civil liberties?...
National Security State
39) Internal Security ( or McCarran)
Act (1950)…
- Communist groups must register
with the government
- Illegal to plan for totalitarianism
- Banned Communist Immigrants
- Deport all Communists
Objective…
Discuss the major causes,
personalities & events of the
Red Scare.
The Dot Game
• You will receive a small piece of paper that will
either be blank or have a dot on it.
• Do not show your card to anyone.
• The goal of the game is for the non dots to
form the largest possible group of non dot
people. The largest group of non dots will
receive bonus points.
• The goal of a dot is to become included in the
non dot group. Dots that become included in
non dot groups will receive bonus points.
What did the House of Un-American
Activities Committee (HUAC) do?
House
HUAC:
Un-American Activities Committee…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJzV6-wJ3SQ
• Investigated “un-American” activities
• HUAC believed that Hollywood film writers &
directors were sneaking Communist propaganda
into films.
40) Describe how the Red
Scare affected Hollywood?
1947: Director of
the FBI J. Edgar
Hoover warns
HUAC that
communists had
launched
"a furtive attack
on Hollywood."
HUAC
Hearing
Richard
Nixon
at a
HUAC
meeting
HUAC: The Hollywood Ten
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07buRRJ6s4k&feature=related
• 1947: HUAC investigates Hollywood
• The Hollywood Ten…
• The “Hollywood Blacklists”…
A list of screenwriters, actors & directors barred from working in
Hollywood because of their alleged membership in Communist Party
Protesting in support
of the Hollywood Ten
What
commentary
is this cartoon
making on the
HUAC
hearings?
Activity #1: “Un-American”?
Directions: Read the following excerpt from the legislation that
established the HUAAC 1938. When you have finished, make a list of
activities that you think might qualify as “un-American.” Be prepared
to share your answers with the class.
“Resolved, that the Speaker of the House of Representatives be, and
he is hereby, authorized to appoint a special committee to be
composed of seven members for the purpose of conducting an
investigation of (1) the extent, character, and object of un-American
propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the
United States of subversives and un-American propaganda that is
instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks
the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by the
Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would
aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation.”*
What sort of activities do you consider “unAmerican”?
Spy Cases
41) Who was Alger Hiss & what was
he accused of?...
Who was his accuser?...
The results of this case?...
The Alger Hiss Case
•Hiss was a U.S. State Dept. official accused of being a Soviet spy.
•Whittaker Chambers, a former Communist Party member, before
HUAC testified that Hiss had been a Communist while working for
the State Dept.
• Called before HUAC, Hiss categorically denied the charge, but
was eventually convicted of perjury
1945 Truman (Hiss left of HST)
Alger Hiss testifies
before HUAC
Whittaker
Chambers
Whittaker Chambers
testifies before HUAC
R.M. Nixon examines
micro film during the Hiss
case
The “Pumpkin Papers” key
evidence in the Hiss case
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnCC2gYmAMk
42) Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
• J & E Rosenberg were Jewish American
communists.
• The Rosenberg's were convicted & executed
for passing atomic bomb secrets to the
Soviets.
• The first execution of civilians for espionage
in US history.
Julius & Ethel
Rosenberg
43) Senator Joseph McCarthy
McCarthyism / “Witch Hunts”
McCarthy testifying:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maLIXQLxvvA&feature=related
44) Who were the targets of McCarthyism…
McCarthyism
45) Supporting McCarthy?...
Opposing McCarthy?...
46) Why did McCarthy lose his popularity?...
What
commentary is
this cartoon
making on the
actions of
Senator Joe
McCarthy?
What
commentary
is this cartoon
making on the
actions of
Senator Joe
McCarthy?
The Legacy of McCarthyism
- Results in repressive federal & state
laws… i.e. McCarran Act
- Basic freedoms compromised
- Dissent can be dangerous
- US Gov. investigates: Unions, librarians,
teachers, reporters, entertainers &
scientists
• "You mean I'm supposed
to stand on that?“
•
February, 1950
•
In February 1950, Senator
Joseph McCarthy captured
headlines by his claims that he
held in his hand, a list of names
of some 205 communists in the
State Department which he did
not reveal. Many members of
Congress, influenced by his
success, began to support his
heavy-handed and abusive
tactics for political purposes.
Here conservative Republican
senators, Kenneth S. Wherry,
Robert A. Taft, and Styles
Bridges and Republican
National Chairman Guy
Gabrielson push a reluctant
GOP elephant to mount the
unsavory platform. This was
the first use of the word
"McCarthyism."
• "Say, what ever
happened to 'freedomfrom-fear'?“
• August 13, 1951
As Senator Joseph
McCarthy's campaign
against the State Dept. &
D.O.J. officials
continued, President
HST spoke against him.
•
"I have here in my hand . . .“
•
May , 1954
• In 1954, Senator Joseph
McCarthy went too far when he
took on the US Army, accusing it
of promoting communists. The
Senate held special hearings,
known as the Army-McCarthy
hearings, which were televised
nationally. In the course of
testimony McCarthy submitted
evidence that was identified as
fraudulent. As both public and
politicians watched the bullying
antics of the Senator, they
became increasingly
disenchanted. Before the year
was out McCarthy, whose
charges had first hit the
headlines in February 1950,
was censured by his
colleagues for "conduct
unbecoming a senator."
Objective… HOMEWORK
Compare the Red Scare of the
1920s to the Red Scare of the
1940s & 50s.