Transform Fault
2. Transform Fault
These plates are sliding past each other.
Example: San Andres Fault
San Andreas Fault
• Extends almost the
entire length of the
state of California.
• What two plates are
sliding past each
other here?
• Pacific and NA plate.
Other California Fault Lines
At Transform Faults, these
Geological Formations occur–
Small earthquakes, tremors, and fault lines.
East Coast Fault lines
Delaware
Transform Fault
Boundaries
•
•
A good clue for
locating
transform faults
is offsetting.
When seen from
above, the
feature will
appear to make a
zig-zag.
Convergent Boundaries
3. Convergent
These plates are moving into each other.
Types of Convergent
Boundaries:
Different things can happen at Convergent
boundaries because of the crust.
Remember there is continental crust (crust
that is mostly above water: land)
And
There is oceanic crust...that is under the water.
Scientists know that the continental crust
is less dense and thicker than the oceanic
crust… so what happens when the two
different crusts collide at a convergent
boundary???
Convergent Boundaries
with Subduction
A: Since the Oceanic crust is
more dense it dives beneath
the Continental crust =
SUBDUCTION ZONE
Convergent Boundaries
with Subduction Diagram
Convergent Boundaries
with Subduction
Geological
Formations
that occur
here are–
Volcanoes, Small
Mountains (Andes),
and Deep Oceanic
Trenches ex.
(Marianas Trench)
Andes Mountains
Mariana’s Trench
Convergent Boundaries
With NO subduction
Continent to Continent collision
The crust buckles UP and forms large mountains.
Geological Formations= large mountains form ex. Himalayas Mts.
Himalayas
When the Indian Plate
crashed into the
Eurasian Plate, it
created the…
Himalaya
Mountains
Convergent Boundaries
With NO subduction Diagram
Alps
Rocky
Mts..
Appalachian
Mts.
Andes
Mts.
Himalaya's
..
Plate Boundary Review
Label each picture with the correct plate boundary.
Convergent w Sub, Convergent w/o Sub, Trans form fault, Divergent
1
2
4
3
Plate Boundary Review
Label each picture with the correct plate boundary.
Convergent w Sub, Convergent w/o Sub, Trans form fault, Divergent
1
Divergent
2 Convergent w Sub
3 Transform fault
4
Convergent w/o Sub
Let’s Find Some plate boundaries
Transform
Fault Rockies
Alps
App. Mts.
Convergent
with Andes
subduction
Divergent
MidAtlantic
Ridge
D
Divergent
Convergent
w/o
Subduction
Himalaya's
Question?
• We now know that new rock is created at
divergent boundaries because of seafloor
spreading.
• Explain why the Earth’s mass is NOT
increasing as a result.
• Use the Law of Conservation of Mass in
your answer.
• Answer: The Earth is very good at
recycling itself and it’s crust b/c mass
cannot be create or destroyed!
• Divergent Mid-Oceanic Ridge
occurs at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between
the NORTH AMERICAN, AFRICAN,
EURASIAN and SOUTH AMERICAN
PLATES.
(Sea floor spreading, Mid-oceanic ridges, Islands
Volcanoes form here.)
and
• Transform Fault
occurs at the San Andreas Fault (in
California!!!) between the NORTH
AMERICAN and PACIFIC PLATES.
(Small earthquakes, tremors, and fault lines occur here.)
• Convergent with Subduction
occurs at the Peru-Chile Trench and Andes
Mts. between the NAZCA and SOUTH
AMERICAN PLATES (forms the Andes
Mts.)
(small Mts.(Andes) and deep ocean trenches form)
• Convergent (NO subduction)
occurs at the Himalaya Mts. between the
INDIAN and EURASIAN PLATES.
(large Mts. (Himalaya’s) form here)
The RING OF FIRE occurs around the edge of the entire
PACIFIC PLATE. Earthquakes, Volcanoes and tsunami’s
occur here often.
What plate(s) caused the
earthquake in Haiti?
Caribbean Plate and N.A. plate
Earthquakes and plate
boundaries
• Earthquakes commonly occur at plate
boundaries.
Earthquakes
• The second longest ever
recorded earthquake
occurred in 1964 in Alaska
and lasted for four minutes.
• The longest recorded
earthquake was in Sumatra
on December 26 2004.
• It had a magnitude of Size:
9.1 - 9.3 and lasted about 10
minutes! The energy
released equaled the power
of a 100 gigaton bomb!!!!
Bay Bridge Repair
Old Bay Bridge
Bay Bridge Damage
Bay Bridge Damage
Bay Bridge
Damage
• Many people died
being trapped under
all the concrete,
steel and metal that
collapsed on them.
New Bay Bridge
Seismographs
• Seismographs are
instruments that
record earthquakes.
• Richter Scales are
used to measure the
magnitude or strength
of the earthquake.
United States Earthquake
Hazard MAP
Earthquake data: Seismogram
Tsunami Waves
• A Tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused
by an erupting volcano, earthquake or
landslide.
• A tsunami is not a single wave but a series of
waves, also known as a wave train.
• The first wave in a tsunami is not necessarily
the most destructive.
• Tsunamis are not tidal waves. They actually have
nothing to do with tides.
Tsunami Waves
What do you think can causes a Tsunami
to happen?
• Underwater earthquakes
• Underwater volcanoes erupting
• Underwater landslides
Tsunami Waves
• Tsunami waves can be very long (as much
as 60 miles) and be as far as one hour
apart.
• They are able to cross entire oceans
without great loss of energy.
The Indian Ocean Tsunami
• The Indian Ocean tsunami traveled as
much as 3,000 miles (nearly 5,000
kilometers) to Africa, arriving with
sufficient force to kill over 250,000
people and destroy property.
The Indian Ocean Tsunami
Tsunami Disaster
Earth Exam Focus
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Know the structure of the Earth.
Know the supporting evidence of plate tectonics.
Know where the major tectonic plates are.
Know the best possible explanation for the
movement of the plates.
Know what Pangaea is.
Know the different plate boundaries and what
happens at each plate boundary.
Know Earthquakes and why they happen.
Know what seismometers are.
Know what the Ring of Fire is.
Earth Exam Questions
The Earth quiz is made up of 55 questions
Make sure you study
this material!!!!