Abnormal Psychology Mental Disorder: *Significant impairment in psychological functioning *Lose the ability to adequately control thoughts, behaviors, or feelings interrupts daily functioning DSM-IV – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual *A medical book and model used to classify of psychological disorder *A guidebook for mental health professionals *Contains roughly 400 disorders *This year is a transition year in the world of Psych= The new, updated DSM-V is currently being adopted by medical professionals *Axis I (Clinical Syndromes) - contains all the major disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and organic mental disorders *Axis II (Pxy disorders, Developmental Problems & Mental Retardation) Narcissistic Pxy and ADHD are examples *Insurance providers requires medical professionals to classify, diagnose and code a patients mental illness before payments made Let’s take a look at the classifications and codes! DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 1. Anxiety Disorders (Axis I) a. Anxiety - Impending feeling of doom or disaster characterized by mood symptoms: tension agitation and apprehension/bodily symptoms: sweating, muscle tension, increased heart rate & blood pressure/ cognitive symptoms: worry, distractibility 1) Panic Disorder – attacks of intense anxiety, chest pains, tightness muscles, choking, sweating / sometimes have no apparent trigger (intense symptoms, short duration) 2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder – chronic anxiety not associated with any specific situation or object, hypervigilant, tense, irritable, difficulty focusing & trouble sleeping (symptoms must occur for at least 6 months) 3) Phobias – intense irrational fear to a stimuli, disrupting the person’s daily life a. Agoraphobia – fear of being out in public places b. Acrophobia – fear of heights c. Claustrophobia – fear of enclosed spaces d. Zoophobia – fear of animals (snakes, dogs, cats, rats…) 4) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – thoughts and BX = compound disorder (obsession + compulsions) Persistent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts that an individual can NOT ignore (obsessions) Irrational behavior (compulsions) performed repeatedly to “counter” the obsessions 5) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – results from trauma, consists of nightmares, flashbacks where individual relives the traumatic experiences ________________________________________________________________________ Today’s Goal = Complete Gr. Org! 2. Somatoform Disorders (Axis I) characterized by physical symptoms such as pain, paralysis, blindness, or deafness without any physical cause 1. Somatization disorder2. Conversion disorder3. Hypochondriasis3. Dissociative Disorders (Axis I) sudden loss of memory or change in identity 1. Dissociative Amnesia 2. Dissociative Fugue 3. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) – 4. Mood Disorders (Axis I) Unipolar = depression only Bipolar = mania and depression Disrupts a person’s normal function in daily life Mania Symptoms: Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement Restlessness, increased energy, and less need for sleep Rapid talk, talkativeness Distractibility Racing thoughts High sex drive Tendency to make grand and unattainable plans Tendency to show poor judgment, such as impulsively deciding to quit a job Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity -- unrealistic beliefs in one's ability, intelligence, and powers; may be delusional Increased reckless behaviors (such as lavish spending sprees, impulsive sexual indiscretions, abuse of alcohol or drugs, or illadvised business decisions) 1. Major Depressive Disorder 2. Seasonal Affective Disorder – 3. Bipolar Disorder 5. Psychotic Disorders (Schizophrenia) (Axis 1) Psychosis- characterized by lack of touch with reality Show signs of abnormal thinking, emotion, movement, socialization and perception Positive symptoms (not good but additions): Delusions – erroneous beliefs that are maintained even when compelling evidence to the contrary is presented Hallucinations – are false sensory perceptions (seeing, hearing things that aren’t present) Negative Symptoms (taking away): Flat effect - Lack of emotion Social withdrawal, apathy, inattention, lack of communication 1. 2. 3. 4. Disorganized Schizophrenia – Paranoid Schizophrenia – Catatonic Schizophrenia – Undifferentiated (simple) Schizophrenia – 6. Personality Disorders (Axis II): Longstanding, maladaptive thought patterns and behavior that is troublesome to others( can be harmful or illegal) Impaired social functioning 1. Paranoid – 2. Schizoid3. Schizotypal 4. Histrionic – 5. Narcissistic – 6. Borderline – 7. Antisocial – (PC term for sociopath or psychopath) 8. Avoidant – 9. Dependent – 10. Obsessive-Compulsive PXY Disorder – 7. Developmental Disorders – Related to infancy, childhood, adolescence 1. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 2. Autism – 3. Anorexia Nervosa – 4. Bulimia Nervosa Common Explanation for Disorders: 1. Anxiety Disorder: Biological Explanation for Anxiety Disorders – Too little of a neurotransmitter (GABA or serotonin) most commonly believed explanation = Xanax, Valium minimize generalized anxiety disorders OCD and Panic disorder are treated with antidepressants (Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft) Behavior Explanation for Anxiety Disorders – anxiety responses are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning 2. Somatoform Disorder: 3. Dissociative Disorder: 4. Mood Disorder: 5. Psychotic Disorder: 6. Personality Disorder: 7. Developmental Disorder: Somatoform Disorders: Dissociative Disorders: Mood Disorders: Psychotic Disorders: Personality Disorders: Developmental Disorders: