Provide 2 examples of
Mayflower Compact and House of
Burgesses government during the
Colonial Period on the American Public? (late
1700s)
Shay’s Rebellion last for a year because crushed it

Mayflower Compact and House of from Great Britain
Decision in Dred Scott vs
Sandford?
Shay’s Rebellion last for a year because
What was Teddy Roosevelt’s domestic policy nicknamed?

arrested mean?
Democracies value their rights, but to
Why do democracies fear rights communists?

Louisiana- Purchased from France
Texas- freed by treaty of the
Mexican American War to make it an independent Nation
What were the 4 MAIN
Causes of WWI? Why did the
US enter?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Freedom of the seas and Safety of democracy

How did Americans feel about
Immigrants during the early
1900s? Why?
Herbert Hoover
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Anti immigrant- or nativist
Many felt that immigrants were stealing American jobs and keeping wages low.

After WWI American businesses went through a boom, supported by unstable business practices

Americans were sick of war and felt that a return to isolation and neutrality was the best way to go. President William G. Harding ran on a campaign of Normalcy, promising to focus on America. Harding even pardoned Eugene Debs from prison, and supported anti-lynching legislation.
Normalcy-
Returning America to isolation and neutrality

Despite promising normalcy, Harding’s administration became known for greed and scandal. He was known for giving government jobs to his
What other president was known for his policy of giving government jobs to unqualified supporters?
Andrew Jackson- spoils system

Harding selected Albert Fall for his Secretary of Interior, whose duties include the management and conservation of Federal lands. However, Albert
Teddy Roosevelt

President Harding died in office from a heart attack, leaving his Vice
President, Calvin Coolidge in charge. Coolidge believed it was the government’s job to support and serve American Businesses. Soon, Laissez
Faire was again the government policy, reducing government’s role in business.

The people of the 1920’s
The people of the 1920’s were known for their freer lifestyles and emphasis on were also known for week to watch men like Babe Ruth play America’s sport: Baseball
Recent raises and wide spread installment buying
(credit) allowed
Americans to buy more and more

As Bootleggers and Speakeasies gained massive profits, organized crime rings fought for control. American cities were a battle ground of gangsters fighting with sawed-off shotguns and machine guns. The most notorious was Al Capone from
Chicago. Capone made an average of $60 million a year from bootlegging alone, allowing him to bribe police and politicians. After years avoiding arrest, the FBI, led by J. Edgar Hoover, managed to convict Al Capone of Tax Evasion.

Just as Prohibition was influenced by Religion, the Scopes Trial was also based in
Christian beliefs. John Scopes, a Biology Teacher in Tennessee taught Darwin’s theory of Evolution to his students. Scopes knowingly violated a state ban which forbade teaching evolution. The trial grabbed national attention, and was even broadcast on the radio.
Ultimately the trial was a conflict between traditional fundamentalism and modern culture. Scopes was convicted and fined $100.
I say Genevieve in this evolution caseare they trying to class men with monkeys—or monkeys with men

While life in the cities improved, small, private farmers were hurt by the end of WWI.
During the war, American farmers increased production by buying land and machines on loans. After the war ended, overproduction caused the prices to drop. Unable to pay back their loans, many farmers lost their farms to bankruptcy.

In November 1917 a Communist Revolution took place in Russia. The
Communist system was hostile to American values and capitalism, and freedoms. By 1918 an intense fear of communism swept America, and communists were sought out for deportation.

During the Red Scare, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer coordinated raids in
35 cities across America. Police, without warrants, raided communist headquarters. In total 4,000 Americans were arrested but never charged with a crime, violating Habeas Corpus. The Red Scare and Palmer Raids effectively limited free speech from fear.

Exemplifying this distrust was the case of Sacco and Vanzetti, admitted police arrested Sacco and Vanzetti with no solid evidence. A search found guns,
Corpus?
convicted of murder and executed.
Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War

After World War I, why did American farmers fail to share in the general economic growth of the United states?
1. Many immigrants were settling in the west and competing with the farmers
2. The Federal Government reduced the number of acres on which farmers could grow subsidized crops
3. Farmers could not produce enough to keep up with demand
4. Overproduction and competition caused falling prices

The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s was a period when
African Americans
1. Left the United States in large numbers to settle in
Nigeria
2. Created noteworthy works of art and literature
3. Migrated to the West in search of land and jobs
4. Used civil disobedience to fight segregation in the
Armed Forces

Public disregard for Prohibition and for laws prohibiting gambling indicates that
1. The American film industry has great influence on public opinion
2. The system of checks and balances does not work
3. Attempts to legislate public morality may be met with strong resistance
4. American citizens have little, if any, respects for laws.

The 1920s are sometimes called the “roaring Twenties” because
1. Foreign trade prospered after World War I
2. The United States assumed a leadership role in world affairs
3. Political reforms made government more democratic
4. Widespread social and economic change occurred

Which events best support the image of the 1920s as a decade of nativist sentiment?
1. The passage of the National Origins Act and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan
2. The Scopes trial and the passage of women’s suffrage
3. The Washington Naval Conference and the Kellogg-
Briand Pact
4. The growth of the auto industry and the Teapot Dome
Affair

The economic boom and financial speculation of the 1920s were caused in part by
1. Installment buying and an unregulated stock market
2. The expansion of civil rights to women and minorities
3. The mobilization of the economy for war
4. Increased government restrictions on big business

Which conclusion can be drawn from the occurrence of the
Red Scare and the decision of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States?
1. Immigrants to the United States are consistently denied equal protection under the law
2. A person’s best protection from persecution rests with the Supreme Court
3. Civil rights are sometimes compromised by the public’s fear of radical political groups
4. Violent protests in the United States are usually met with a violent response from the government

The date in the chart support the idea that the immigration laws of 1921 and 1924 were primarily designed to
1. Stop illegal entry into the country
2. Admit skilled workers
3. Encourage immigration from southern Europe
4. Reduce immigration from specific regions

Caused by fundamental weaknesses in the economy, like buying on margin (credit), the Stock market crash resulted in widespread panic, unemployment and discontent.

After years of buying on margin, paying only a little and using profit to pay off the rest, the Stock Market crashed. Companies called in the debts owed, and few could pay them. This led to panic selling and on October 29 (Black Tuesday), stocks fell $14 billion. The plunge continued until July 1932 when they bottomed out,
89% lower than 1929.

Unable to pay for shelter, many families lived in unheated shacks built from cardboard, tin or crates. These communities were called Hoovervilles, in honor of the president who did nothing to help, Herbert Hoover.

no longer buy food. To make matters worse, the Midwest experienced extreme contributed to the Dust Bowl?
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico were widely affected. Due to the
Farmers cleared huge plots of land to grow more food. Plants are needed to hold water in the soil

Hoover took office in 1929, and had a reputation for helping Europe financially recover after WWI.
To help America, Hoover:
-”Prosperity is just around the corner”
-trickle down effect
-Reconstruction Finance Corporation lent money to RxR companies and banks
-halted war payments from European nations
-raised taxes to boost government funds

During WWI soldiers had been promised a Bonus for their service. However, the bonus wasn’t due for a few more years. In the summer of 1932, thousands of former soldiers and their families gathered in Washington D.C. to push congress to release the funds early. Congress denied the request, and the soldiers refused to leave. Hoover ordered the Army to force the veterans to leave.

“I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American People”
In 1932 FDR was elected as president, and would remain in office until his death in 1945. FDR instantly inspired confidence and support in the
American people. Using his “fireside Chats” on the radio, Roosevelt reached out to the people in their own homes to tell them his plans.
However, despite achieving success in handling the economic Crisis,
Roosevelt is accused of gaining dictator like powers.

To combat the problems of the Great Depression
Roosevelt promised a New Deal for the American people. His goals were simple:
-relief for suffering Americans
-recovery for the economy
-reform to avoid future depressions
In order to get his New Deal programs started, Congress had to approve each one:
-Emergency Banking Act
-Federal Emergency Relief Act
-Public Works Administration
-Civilian Conservation Corps
-Works Progress Administration

The Emergency Banking Act called for a bank holiday to stop the collapse of the banking system. Banks were closed until their practices were examined for good business practices.
Additionally, the Glass-Steagall Banking Act created the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC). The FDIC originally guaranteed deposits of up to $5,000 (today
$250,000)

Roosevelt supported federal projects to create jobs. He created several groups dedicated to this cause:
Public Works Administration (PWA)- provides jobs through construction projects like bridges, buildings, houses and schools.
Civilian Conservation Corps- Hired 2.5 million young men(18-25) to conserve natural resources.
Works Progress Administration- replaced direct aid with works projects but limited employment to one person per family. Created jobs in construction, services and culture.

Congress also passed a wide range of recovery programs:
-National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA)- government set prices, wages and hours.
(unconstitutional)
-Home owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)- helped owners keep homes out of foreclosure
-First Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)- raise farmers income by cutting surplus through paying farmers to not plant or to kill animals
-Federal Housing Administration (FHA)- provided mortgages at low interest rates and down payment of 10%

Roosevelt wanted workers to form unions to protect themselves. To accomplish
Act’s passage. Soon both the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress
down strikes became a major force (stay in plant but refuse to work)

Despite the benefits of the New Deal “Alphabet Soup” many criticized the president for over reaching his power and influences. However, Roosevelt was a man of action who followed the Populist and Progressive philosophies that the government should solve economic and social problems.

The Tennessee Valley Authority provided jobs, cheap electricity and flood control to poor rural areas. The TVA built dams on the Tennessee River and was widely praised as a benefit. However, others saw it as “creeping Socialism”, where the government directly assists American citizens.
economic and political system based on public ownership of the means of production (factories, resources, transportation)

With the Supreme Court vetoing many of his New Deal programs, FDR asked Congress to approve a law that would allow the president to increase the number of judges from 9 to 15. This would have allowed the president to add judges that would pass his
New Deal programs. Ultimately it was never passed because it threatened the separation of powers and Checks and Balances.

As Roosevelt’s second term came to a close, he decided to run for reelection. This raised questions on the constitutionality of a president serving more than 2 terms, which was the precedent set by George
Washington. Roosevelt died in his 4 th passed the 22 nd term, and shortly after Congress

Another criticism of the New Deal was that it used public funds to fund the
New Deal programs. The federal debt soared, and a policy of using federal funds to finance public assistance programs was established.

While the New Deal did help Americans, the depression did not end until World
War II increased production. Roosevelt restored American confidence in the government, and increased government power. Additionally, the Federal deficit grew under Roosevelt. Finally, the New Deal also established the right of Unions to exist and guaranteed collective bargaining.

A significant cause of the Great Depression of the 1930’s was that
1. Some banking policies were unsound and had led to the overseas expansion of credit
2. A decrease in protective tariffs had opened American business to competition from abroad
3. A wave of violent strikes had paralyzed the major industries
4. Consumer goods were relatively inexpensive

One difference between the administrations of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Herbert Hoover is that
Roosevelt was
1. Unwilling to allow government agencies to establish job programs
2. Unable to win congressional support for his economic programs
3. Able to ignore economic issues for most of his first term in office
4. More willing to use government intervention and resources to solve economic problems

In the 1920s, which economic factor led to the great
Depression?
1. Lack of investment in the stock market
2. Attempt by the United States to promote free trade
3. Failure to develop new consumer goods industries
4. Overproduction of farm products and manufactured goods

In the 1930s, one factor that accounted for the westward migration of farmers from the Great Plains was
1. High farm prices
2. New technologies
3. The Dust Bowl
4. The baby Boom

President Franklin Roosevelt’s response to Supreme Court decisions that declared several New Deal laws unconstitutional was to
1. Ask Congress to limit the Court’s jurisdiction
2. Propose legislation to increase the size of the Court
3. Demand the resignation of several justices
4. Ignore the Court’s rulings

The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 gave labor unions the right to
1. Represent workers in collective bargaining
2. Insist on an open shop in the workplace
3. Establish quotas on immigration
4. Use blacklists and yellow dog contracts

How was the situation illustrate in the cartoon resolved?
1. The United States entered WWII after the attack on Pearl Harbor
2. The Supreme Court used its power of Judicial Review
3. Congress rejected the president’s plan to pack the Supreme Court
4. The President vetoed Congress’s attempt to reform the judiciary system

The Dust Bowl experiences of the Oklahoma Farmers during the Great Depression demonstrated the
1. Effect of geography on people’s lives
2. Success of government farm subsidies
3. Limitations of civil liberties during times of crisis
4. Result of the Indian Removal Act

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), established during the New Deal, were important because they
1. Increased the supply of money in the economy
2. Guarantee loans to failing businesses and banks
3. Attempted to restore public confidence in financial institutions
4. Provided grants to unemployed workers

Which event is most closely associated with the end of the
Great Depression?
1. Passage of the social security Act
2. Beginning of World War II
3. Reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940
4. Announcement of the Marshall Plan