U.S. Assistance Programs
for
Export Control Development
U.S. Assistance Overview
Department of State:
•Export Control and Related Border Security Program
(EXBS)
•Biosecurity Engagement Program (BEP)
•Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP)
•Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
Department of Energy:
•International Nonproliferation Export Control Program
(INECP)
•Second Line of Defense (SLD) Megaports Program
The Export Control and Related
Border Security (EXBS) Program
United States Department of State
Bureau of International Security
and Nonproliferation
Office of Export Control Cooperation
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Created in the early 1990s to:
 Assist foreign governments in
bringing export control systems up to
international standards;

Establish capabilities to detect,
interdict, investigate, and prosecute
illicit transfers of WMD, WMDrelated materials, and conventional
weapons;

Exchange information about export
control and border security “best
practices”;

Support national efforts to fulfill
UNSCR 1540 requirements.
EXBS Training along the borders of
Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program:
 Funded and managed by the U.S.
Department of State
 Has sponsored bilateral and
regional cooperative efforts
worth nearly $400 million
including:
 Over 1,472 technical
exchanges and workshops
 $216.5M of inspection and
interdiction equipment
 Regional Conferences and
Seminars
Interdiction Equipment Donation to
Customs Officials
EXBS is active in over 60 countries with 20 resident
EXBS IS ACTIVE IN OVER 60advisors
COUNTRIES
WITH
around the
world 20
RESIDENT ADVISORS AROUND THE WORLD
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS program is implemented by drawing on the expertise
of international and non-governmental organizations, foreign
governments, the private sector, and U.S. Government
Agencies, including:
•
•
•
•
U.S. Department of Commerce
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
• Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
• U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
• U.S. Department of Justice
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS works on establishing and strengthening
“five pillars” of export control/border security:
 Comprehensive Legal/Regulatory Frameworks
 Effective Licensing Procedures and Practices
 Enforcement Techniques and Equipment
 Government Outreach to Industry
 Interagency Coordination
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS supports workshops and exchanges that
facilitate drafting, adoption, and implementation of
strong, comprehensive export control laws and
regulations, including:
• Basic Legal/Regulatory
Workshop
• Implementing
Regulations Workshop
• Model Law Workshop
• Legislative Outreach
Workshop
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Countries that have recently instituted new export
control laws or regulations, or have strengthened
existing laws and regulations include:
 Philippines
 Thailand
 Vietnam
 Mexico
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS gives licensing officers the capacity to
make well-informed decisions about which
licenses to approve, through activities including:
• National Control List Workshop
• ASCOT (Analysis and Strategic Commodity Transfers)
• Brokering Workshop
• End/Use End/User Workshop (also relates to
enforcement pillar)
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
The following countries have adopted or
are working to adopt national control lists:
 Singapore
 UAE
 Philippines
 Mexico
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Tracker Automated Export Control Licensing System:
• Deployed to 19 countries
• Tracker 7.0 to be released July 2009
• www.trackernet.org
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS works with Enforcement Agencies to:
 Modernize border crossing points, and
 Address basic and advanced customs and border
enforcement techniques through:
 Commodity Identification Workshop and e-Commodity
Identification (e-CIT) Techniques
 Land, Sea, Air, and Rail Interdiction Techniques
 Targeting and Risk Management Workshop
 Investigatory Techniques
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Nonintrusive Inspection
Equipment Techniques
International Air Cargo
Interdiction Techniques
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS has provided state-ofthe-art imaging and advanced
x-ray screening systems to
countries to detect and
interdict contraband:
• Backscatter vans
• Vehicle and Cargo Inspection
Systems (VACIS)
• Pass-through x-ray systems
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS provides advanced radiation detection and identification
capabilities coupled with first-responders and incident
response training:
Installed or upgraded radiation portal monitors at key land
crossings and sea ports in 8 countries
• Developed training courses with the VINCA Institute in Serbia
on nuclear and chemical materials smuggling for customs and
police officers in the region
•
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Success Stories:
• Several scrap metal shipments turned back at the borders by
Serbian and Macedonian Customs due to excessive radiation levels
(2007 & 2008)
• EXBS-provided Radiation Pagers alarmed, Customs officers stopped the
shipments, isolated them and called in the experts
• Chemical shipment to Iran stopped by Macedonian Customs (June
2008)
• Manifest stated diesel fuel – viewed as suspicious
• Customs inspection determined truck contained a toxic chemical
• Customs isolated the vehicle, consulted with experts in Skopje and the
U.S., then returned the shipment
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Success Stories:
Kosovo Customs intercepted ammunition smuggling (July 2008)
• Stopped suspicious car at the border
• Questioned driver and observed that inside back walls had been
modified
• Search turned up 17,000+ rounds of ammo hidden within the back
walls
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Success Stories:
Inspection and detection equipment and training has
led to numerous interdictions and improved overall
contraband seizure rates significantly.
• Serbian Customs officers employed EXBS-donated
inspection equipment and techniques to stop and search
a cargo truck, resulting in the seizure of over 160 kg of
heroin. This was the largest drug seizure in the history of
Serbian Customs.
• Macedonian Customs confiscated 882 pounds of cocaine
using EXBS-provided x-ray vans. Valued at over 50 million
Euros, the seizure was the largest in Macedonian history.
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Improving Control over Green Borders:
•
Provided equipment to develop mobile border teams
in Eastern Europe and the Balkans
•
Deploying modular buildings along borders between
crossing points in Central Asia.
•
Deployed border monitoring sensors in numerous
partner countries
•
Delivered cargo scanning equipment, heavy-duty
cranes, and forklifts to various Afghan border crossing
points
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Government Industry Outreach:
• Government Industry Relations Forum
• Internal Compliance Program (ICP)
• Survey of Industries/Producers of Strategic
and Dual Use Goods
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Export Control Resources Available Online Soon
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Recent EXBS program-sponsored multilateral events:
• Tenth International Export Control Conference, June
2009, Turkey
• South Asia 1540 Workshop, June 2009, Sri Lanka
• Tracker Best Practices Conference, May 2009, Poland
• MANPADS Controls Seminar, April 2009, Morocco
• UN Regional 1540 Workshop, March 2009, Qatar
• OSCE Mediterranean Partners Seminar on MANPADS,
October 2008, Vienna
• Ninth Annual International Export Control Conference,
October 2008, Croatia
• OAS 1540 Workshop, May 2008, Argentina
• International Transshipment Conference, May, 2008,
Morocco
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Looking Towards the Future:
• Promote sustainability, including through:
• Development of customs academy curriculums and
• Train-the-trainer training
• International coordination on UNSCR 1540:
• Work with other governments on third country outreach
• Conduct/support UN-led regional 1540 workshops
• Encourage regional cooperation
• Strengthen interagency coordination
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Contact the EXBS Program:
ECC Office Website:
http://www.state.gov/t/isn/ecc/index.htm
EXBS Program Website:
http://www.exportcontrol.org
Biosecurity Engagement Program (BSP)
•
Why:
– Biological Threat Reduction
•
Where:
– Global
•
What:
– Awareness Raising
– Pathogen Security
– Safe, Secure, Sustainable S&T Development
– Enhance Disease Diagnosis & Surveillance
•
BEP FY2007 - 2009
How:
– Engage Scientists, Institutions, Policymakers
– Best Practices in Lab Biosafety & Biosecurity
– Technical & Grants Assistance to Partner
Countries
– Bilateral and Multilateral Collaboration
FY09: $28 million
worldwide
~ $6 million in ASEAN
Region
Biosecurity Engagement Program (BSP)
BEP
Engagement
Why Southeast Asia?
• Transnational terrorist groups
• Requested assistance at high containment laboratories
• Extensive pathogen collections
• Laboratory infrastructure variable
• Growing lab biosafety & biosecurity awareness/expertise
• Legal/regulatory biosafety/biosecurity framework incomplete
• Human/animal health needs/infectious disease burden
• HPAI, ND, Anthrax, FMD, Brucellosis, Rabies, Ebola-Reston, Nipah,
dengue, malaria, MDR-TB, melioidiosis , Japanese encephalitis,
enteric diseases
ONGOING:
Indonesia
Philippines
Thailand
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP)
Mission:
The Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP) seeks to deter terrorists and proliferant
states from accessing chemical expertise and materials that could be used in a chemical
attack.
Program Goals:
• Raise awareness about chemical threat, dual-use nature of chemicals.
•
Provide assistance to improve chemical security and safety best practices
•
Foster national and regional dialogue on improving chemical safety and security
•
Promote and strengthen scientific cooperation among chemical professionals
Strategy:
•
Work with partner countries to assess priorities and coordinate with:
–
National chemistry societies
–
Regional chemistry societies (Federation of Asian Chemistry Societies)
–
International organizations (Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons)
Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
Purpose:
• Strengthen cooperation/collaboration among partner nations in
building and exercising collective capabilities and resources in the
overall global architecture to combat nuclear terrorism
• Provide the opportunity for nations to share information and
expertise in a non-legally binding environment
• Bring together experience and expertise from the
nonproliferation, counter proliferation, and counterterrorism
disciplines and from international, federal, state, and local
governments and private sector
Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
U.S. and Russia Co-Chair Responsibilities:
• Set priorities for GICNT
•
•
•
•
•
2008-09: strengthen detection and forensics, deny safe haven and
financing to terrorists, deter terrorist intentions to acquire and use
nuclear devices
Co-chair Plenary, Exercise Planning Group meetings
Coordinate Seminars, Workshops, Exercises via the Plan of Work
Assist in inviting partner nation SMEs to participate
Outreach to current 75 partners and prospective partners.
International Nonproliferation
Export Control Program (INECP)
Department of Energy / National Nuclear Security Administration
(DOE / NNSA)
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
• Threat
– Networks of procurement agents, brokers, and companies
systematically maneuver around and through national
export control efforts to obtain commodities and
technology needed for WMD development and production
facilities
• INECP Mission
– Strengthen global efforts to prevent proliferation of WMDrelated materials, equipment, and technology
INECP’s approach is based on identifying, training, and developing a cadre of
technical/nonproliferation specialists in each partner country that can sustain that country’s
export control system over the long term
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Strengthen global
efforts to prevent
proliferation of WMDrelated materials,
equipment, and
technology
•
AREAS OF ENGAGEMENT
MISSION
•
•
•
Proliferation Risk Analysis in the Licensing Process
– Ensure the license review process competently
assesses proliferation risks associated with end-uses
and end-users, and ensure technical specialists are
being utilized
Government Outreach and Enterprise Compliance
– Assist governments to establish outreach programs
and promote enterprise compliance at key
enterprises and technology holders
WMD-related Commodity Identification Training and
reach-back for Customs
– Ensure enforcement personnel are sensitized to
WMD-related materials and equipment, and have
access to technical/analytical resources and support
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Three Pillars of INECP activity
Major Activity
Who
ENFORCEMENT
What
Licensing Officers
and Analysts
Need to conduct
competent
proliferation risk
analysis in the
licensing process
End Use and End User
Analysis Training
(EUEU)
Managers of public
sector & legacy WMD
enterprises, labs,
manufacturers, etc.
These major
technology holders
are targets of
opportunity for
proliferants
Enterprise Outreach
Customs Officers and
other enforcement
personnel
Widespread ignorance
regarding strategic
commodities
Commodity
Identification Training
(CIT)
LICENSING
COMPLIANCE
Why
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Spotlight on Enterprise Outreach
• Our unique value added
– Implementing compliance programs at US National Labs
– Intangible technology control
– Technical understanding of the control lists, commodities,
WMD programs, acquisition networks
• Our niche
– Public sector, tertiary enterprises and legacy WMD sectors
(nuclear, missile, chemical, biological)
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Spotlight on Commodity Identification Training (CIT)
•
•
CIT gives inspectors “a trained eye” by familiarizing them with the
materials, components, and equipment sought by WMD
procurement programs
CIT simplifies export control lists by grouping items into technology
“bundles” and by aiding recognition through a focus on physical
appearance, using pictures and demonstration kits:
• Equipment
– Fabricated Parts and Components
– Electronics (Components and Equipment)
– Industrial Equipment
– Systems and Subsystems
• Materials
– Structural Materials (metals and non-metals)
– Special Materials (Nuclear, Chemical, Biological)
•
Indigenization strategy
– INECP follows a disciplined indigenization approach based on
our technical partnerships to establish ongoing training
programs and reachback capabilities
38 deployment is underway in 25 countries
CIT
U.S. Department of Energy
Second Line of Defense (SLD)
Megaports Initiative
Megaports Initiative (SLD)
 Misson: To provide equipment, training, and technical support to
international partners to enhance their ability to deter, detect, and
interdict illicit trafficking of special nuclear and other radioactive
materials in the global maritime system.
 Strategy: Engage high priority ports using a prioritization model that
factors in threat (25%) and volume (75%)
• Scan containers at high volume ports
• Scan containers at high risk ports
• Scan US-bound containers in conjunction with imaging operations to
support DHS’ Container Security Initiative (CSI) and Secure Freight
Initiative (SFI)
 Goal: Screen as many containers as possible (including imports,
exports, and transshipments) regardless of destination and with
minimal impact to port operations
Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Project Scope
 Equipment operated by host country personnel
 Typical Activities funded by DOE/NNSA:
• Radiation detection equipment and its installation
 Cost share for additional ports
• Associated cameras, Optical Character Recognition (OCR),
License Plate Recognition (LPR) technology, and its
installation, as appropriate
• Computer equipment and associated communications
systems for Central Alarm Systems
• Installation of equipment at Regional or National training
centers
• Training in the use and maintenance of equipment
• Technical support assistance
• Maintenance and sustainability contracts
Vehicle monitor with OCR
Hand-held detection and
identification equipment
Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Project Scope
 Cost-Sharing approach pursued, where feasible
• Host nation/private industry pays for design,
construction, and installation, and in some cases,
maintenance
• Megaports provides equipment (including
radiation detection equipment and
communications hardware), software
development, training, and in some cases,
limited maintenance
Central Alarm Station (CAS)
 Provide hands-on training and materials
designed to address site-specific requirements
• Develop training curriculum, operating
procedures, and reference guides in hostcountry format/language
• Establish indigenous training program tailored to
existing capability
• Promote a “Train-the-Trainer” approach
Materials Detected at Megaports
installations to date include contaminated
scrap and sealed radioactive sources
Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Progress to Date
Operational
Megaports
(23)
Bahamas (Freeport)
Belgium (Antwerp)
Belgium (Zeebrugge)
Colombia (Cartagena)
Dominican Republic (Caucedo)
Greece (Piraeus)
*Honduras (Cortes) – SFI Pilot
Israel (Haifa) – Pilot
Jamaica (Kingston
Mexico (Lazaro Cardenas, Veracruz)
Implementation Phase
(21)
Special Projects & Collaboration (2)
Netherlands (Rotterdam)
*Oman (Salalah) – SFI Pilot
*Pakistan (Qasim) – SFI Pilot
Panama (Balboa and MIT)
Philippines (Manila)
Spain (Algeciras)
Singapore (Singapore) – Pilot
*South Korea (Pusan) – SFI Pilot
Sri Lanka (Colombo)
Thailand (Laem Chabang)
*U.K. (Southampton) – SFI Pilot
Bangladesh (Chittagong)
China (Shanghai)
*China (Hong Kong) – SFI
Djibouti (Djibouti)
Dubai, UAE (Jebel Ali)
Egypt (Alexandria)
Israel (Ashdod)
Jordan (Aqaba)
Japan (Yokohama)
Over 25 other major international seaports in several locations are under
negotiation
Goal: Over 100 Megaports, scanning over 70% of global shipping traffic by 2015 and
approximately 83% of U.S. bound imports shipped through these ports.
Kenya (Mombasa)
Lebanon (Beirut)
Malaysia (Klang & TJP)
Mexico ( Manzanillo, Altamira)
Panama (Colon & Cristobal)
Portugal (Lisbon)
Spain (Valencia & Barcelona)
Taiwan (Kaohsiung & Keelung)
Qatar (Training Center)
*SFI Port
Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Summary
 The Megaports Initiative enhances the ability to detect, interdict
and deter illicit trafficking of special nuclear and other radioactive
materials by providing equipment, training, and technical support
to international partners
 Radiation portal monitors, handheld identification equipment, a
communication network and software allow partners to
unobtrusively inspect cargo, as it transits through the port, for
the presence and type of radiation
 At the host country port, the Megaports Initiative
implementation demonstrates that the system can be used
effectively without a detrimental impact on commercial
operations
Thank You
Yvette Wong
Director, Office of Export Control Cooperation
U.S. Department of State
WongYM@state.gov