Blane Harding: Director- Office of Multicultural Affairs- University of Kansas
Rich Salas: Director- Office of Multicultural Affairs- Des Moines University
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Back in the day 
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Present day

Non-Hispanic Population
White
Black
American Indian
Asian
Pacific Islander
Some Other Race
Two or More Races
Hispanic
Source: Census 2010
2,701,123
86,906
8,581
52,597
1,797
2,132
41,675
151,544

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Culture: The set of beliefs, values, customs, actions, thoughts, communications, institutions, and ideas shared by a racial, ethnic and social groups.
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Cultural Awareness: being sensitive to issues related to culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, social class, and socioeconomic factors. (AAMC, 2012).
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Cultural Competency: Set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals that enables effective work in cross cultural situations (AAMC, 2013) Note: In context of healthcare- cultural competency involves ensuring that the needs of diverse patients/clients/customers are met by health service and public health organizations based on the acquisition of specific skillsets.
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Cultural Humility: Cultural humility incorporates a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique, to redressing the power imbalances in the patient-physician dynamic, and to developing mutually beneficial and non-paternalistic clinical and advocacy partnerships with communities on behalf of individuals and defined populations. Note: In simple termsunderstanding “cultural humility” recognizes that it is ok to ask patients for assistance in helping us understand their health needs from their own cultural perspective.
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Stereotype: A standard mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude or uncritical judgment.
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Stereotyping: A natural way that human beings compartmentalize information. However, when a person generalizes a certain characteristic to an entire group of people the ability to treat each person as an individual is diminished; care and communication may suffer.
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Unconscious Bias: Lacking awareness that results in a preference or inclination that inhibits impartiality.

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Diversity is a representation of people that exemplifies all cultural and congenital differences.
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Diversity is an essential component of multiculturalism, but multiculturalism encompasses more than diversity.
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Multiculturalism seeks to promote the valuing of diversity and equal opportunity for all people through understanding of the contributions and perspectives of people of differing race, ethnicity, culture, language, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and physical abilities and disabilities.

“IT’S NOT THE FIGMENT OF THE PIGMENT
BUT THE ENIGMA OF THE STIGMA ”

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Race is evolved from the perception that there were innate biological differences between people of different skin colors and places, that- indeedthere were no ancestors common to all of humanity.
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Ethnicity, on the other hand, relates to cultural factors such as nationality, culture, ancestry, language and beliefs.

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Hierarchies are usually gendered, racialized, and class based, especially at the top.
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Power differences are fundamental to class, of course, and are linked to hierarchy.
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Gender and race are important in determining power differences within class levels.
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Class hierarchies are constantly created and renewed through organizing practices.

GROUP 1980-1990 1990-2000
Whites 4.09% 5.08%
Blacks 11.98% 15.26%
Natives 35.44% 14.42%
Latino(a)s 53.02% 39.42%
Asians 96.13% 63.24%

Race / Ethnicity
Not Hispanic or Latino
White
Black or African American
Asian
Two or more races
American Indian or Alaska Native
Some other race
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
Hispanic or Latino
White
Some other race
Two or more races
Black or African American
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
Total
Number
258,267,944
196,817,552
37,685,848
14,465,124
5,966,481
2,247,098
604,265
481,576
50,477,594
26,735,713
18,503,103
3,042,592
1,243,471
685,150
209,128
58,437
308,745,538
Percentage of
U.S. population
83.7 %
63.7 %
12.2 %
4.7 %
1.9 %
0.7 %
0.2 %
0.2 %
16.3 %
8.7 %
6.0 %
1.0 %
0.4 %
0.2 %
0.1 %
0.0 %
100.0%

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Pluralistic multiculturalism
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Particularistic multiculturalism
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Public domain v. Private domain
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Colorblind v. Color Conscious
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Responsibility and Response Ability

Melting Pot (Israel Zangwill)
Cultural Pluralism (Horace Kallen)
Anglo Conformity

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Cultural Awareness: being sensitive to issues related to culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, social class, and socioeconomic factors.
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Cultural Competence: requires more than acquiring knowledge… It is leveraging a complex combination on knowledge, attitudes, and skills to engage and intervene appropriately and effectively across cultures.

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Intercultural Skillfulness
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Cultural Adaptation
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Understanding Cultural Differences
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Acceptance/Acknowledgement Of Difference
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Awareness Of Differences
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Non-Aware Of Difference

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Non-awareness: of difference refers to individuals that have no or limited experience with diversity. It is not that they do not recognize difference but they place no value on difference and approach each person as an individual regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, class, sexual orientation, and so forth.
Awareness of difference: indicates that you not only recognize difference but realize that it actually holds some value to the individual and your relationship with them. However, you may lack the training, expertise, and ability to apply the knowledge you have.
Acceptance/acknowledgement: of difference indicates that during this stage you have accepted that different does not mean deviant and you have a responsibility as an to become more culturally competent.
Understanding cultural difference: indicates you have taken the necessary steps to increase your cultural knowledge through diversity training, workshops, discussions with others, and self education to better understand and relate to a wide range of diverse individuals.
Cultural adaptation: indicates you now have the ability to apply what you have learned and adapt your advising approach to the needs and communication styles of those around you.
Intercultural skillfulness: indicates you have expanded your comfort zone and have become a culturally competent advisor. You now have the tools, knowledge, and skills to relate to a wide range of individuals and feel comfortable in doing so. These skills have been gained but keep in mind that they need to be maintained and this is an on-going process in which we continue to learn and expand our knowledge.

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Willingness or the desire of individuals/professional to enquire about other cultures and their exposure to clients from alternative cultures.
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This view reinforces the idea that cultural awareness also is not a passive experience, but an active one.
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Requires constant reflection on the part of the health care professional as they reinterpret their experiences with patients.

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Understand and appreciate one another’s culture.
Build respect, trust, and inclusion.
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Recognize, appreciate and utilize the unique insights, perspectives and backgrounds of others.
Value, solicit, and learn from one another.
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Empower others to participate.
Ground partnerships in real institutional problems and opportunities.

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Consider cultural factors in interventions with others.
Remember differences are just that. They are not necessarily deficiencies. Meet people where they are!
Examine and evaluate your own “cultural baggage.”
Consider your possible cultural privilege when working with people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Consider the level of cultural identity development and degree of acculturation of others.
Avoid stereotypes and adopting a monolithic perspective.
Consider the individual within a cultural context .

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Be willing to learn from culturally diverse people. Invite them to tell their story.
Be advocates for culturally diverse people in helping them deal with the “system.” If necessary, be a systemic change agent.
Establish good rapport with culturally diverse communities.
Adopt an interpersonal orientation.
Consider differences in help-seeking attitudes and behaviors.

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Do you test your assumptions before acting on them?
Do you believe there is only one right way of doing things, or that there are a number of valid ways that accomplish the same goal? Do you convey that to staff?
Do you have honest relationships with each staff member you supervise? Are you comfortable with each of them? Do you know what motivates them, what their goals are, how they like to be recognized?
Are you able to give negative feedback to someone who is culturally different from you?
When you have open positions, do you insist on a diverse screening committee and make additional outreach efforts to ensure that a diverse pool of candidates has applied?
When you hire a new employee, do you not only explain job responsibilities and expectations clearly, but orient the person to organizational culture and unwritten rules?

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Do you rigorously examine your unit's existing policies, practices, and procedures to ensure that they do not differentially impact different groups? When they do, do you change them?
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Are you willing to listen to constructive feedback from your staff about ways to improve the work environment? Do you implement staff suggestions and acknowledge their contribution?
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Do you take immediate action with people you supervise when they behave in ways that show disrespect for others in the workplace, such as inappropriate jokes and offensive terms?
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Do you make good faith efforts to meet your affirmative action goals?
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Do you have a good understanding of institutional “isms” such as racism and sexism and how they manifest themselves in the workplace?
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Do you ensure that assignments and opportunities for advancement are accessible to everyone?

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What policies, practices, and ways of thinking and within our organizational culture have differential impact on different groups?
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What organizational changes should be made to meet the needs of a diverse workforce as well as to maximize the potential of all workers, so that
National Church Residences can be well positioned for the demands of the 21st century?

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How do we know what different groups or individuals need? Perhaps instead of using the golden rule, we could use the platinum rule which states: "treat others as they want to be treated." Moving our frame of reference from what may be our default view ("our way is the best way") to a diversity-sensitive perspective ("let's take the best of a variety of ways") will help us to manage more effectively in a diverse work environment.
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Treating others equally means treating them differently and not the same.

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What racial/ethnic cultural group(s) do I identify with? How does my identification with that group(s) affect and effect my self-positioning in the world? In my academic community?
What assumptions do I make about other particular races/ethnicities on a regular basis? How many of these assumptions could be considered generalizations?
Stereotypes?
What might I need to learn about individual cultural backgrounds to ensure that I am relating and communicating effectively people?
How often do I expose myself to cultural gatherings and events that represent racial/ethnic cultures other than my own?

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How does my worldview help or hinder me in understanding others perspectives?
What other cultural groups do I identify with (i.e. gender, sexual orientation, regional, socioeconomic, language, religious, etc.)? How might those identifications affect my interactions with others?
How aware am I of customs and behaviors that have different meanings in different cultures? How might my awareness (or lack of awareness) of behavioral variety affect my interactions with others ?

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Project Implicit is a non-profit organization and international collaborative network of researchers investigating implicit social cognition - thoughts and feelings outside of conscious awareness and control. Project Implicit is the product of a team of scientists whose research produced new ways of understanding attitudes, stereotypes and other hidden biases that influence perception, judgment, and action.
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Project Implicit translates that academic research into practical applications for addressing diversity, improving decision-making, and increasing the likelihood that practices are aligned with personal and organizational values.
 https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/demo/

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QUESTIONS
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COMMENTS
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CONCERNS

Blane Harding blane@blaneharding.com
bharding@ku.edu
www.blaneharding.com
Rich A. Salas, Ph.D.
rich.salas@dmu.edu
515-520-5383
515-271-1709