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Chapter Introduction
Section 1 Living in the United States
and Canada
Section 2 People and Their
Environment
Chapter Summary & Study Guide
Chapter Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
Chapter Objectives
• Describe the economic activities of
the United States and Canada, and
identify the transportation and
communications systems. 
• Discuss the challenges faced by
the United States and Canada in
managing their natural resources,
preventing pollution, and facing
environmental challenges.
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As you read this chapter, take notes in
your journal on the economic activities,
transportation, communications, and
environmental concerns of the United
States and Canada.
Living in the United States and
Canada
Objectives
• Explain the effects of physical geography on
the region’s agriculture. 
• Identify the kinds of transportation and
communications systems in the region. 
• Describe how the economies of the United
States and Canada are dependent on each
other and interdependent with those in other
parts of the world.
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Living in the United States and
Canada
Terms to Know
• market economy 
• monopoly 
• post-industrial 
• trade deficit 
• commodity 
• tariff 
• retooling 
• trade surplus
• pipeline

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Living in the United States and
Canada
Places to Locate
• Corn Belt 
• New York State 
• Minnesota 
• Seattle 
• Research Triangle 
• Pittsburgh 
• Trans-Canada Highway
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Click the Speaker button
to listen to the audio again.
Advertising is one of the major service
industries in the United States. In 1997,
U.S. companies spent more than $187
billion to advertise their products or
services. About one-quarter of this amount
is spent on television commercials. The
next biggest markets for advertisements
are local newspapers and direct mail.
Economic Activities
Both the United States and Canada have
free market economies, in which people
can own, operate, and profit from their own
businesses. Both economies were once
primarily agricultural but are now industrial
and service economies.
(pages 157–159)
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Agriculture Farming in the region is
primarily commercial and large-scale. 
• One billion acres (405,000,000 ha) in
the United States and 167 million acres
(67,583,000 ha) in Canada are used for
agriculture. 
• Only a small percentage of Americans
and Canadians work as farmers,
because of the high cost of farming, the
hard work involved, and unpredictable
consumer demand.
(pages 157–159)
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Economic Activities (cont.)
• Key Agricultural Products The major
U.S. and Canadian crops are wheat and
corn. 
• U.S. and Canadian ranches and dairies
are among the world’s leading
producers of beef, milk, and eggs. 
• Both countries also grow a variety of
fruits and vegetables and produce
chickens and pigs.
(pages 157–159)
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Economic Activities (cont.)
(pages 157–159)
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to listen to the audio again.
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Breaking Geographic Boundaries
Geographic factors in the region once
limited agricultural work, but technology
and modern transportation have largely
overcome these limits.
(pages 157–159)
Economic Activities (cont.)
How does the region’s physical geography
relate to its agricultural production?
Because the countries are so large and
spacious, large farms and ranches are
possible. There is plenty of room in the
West for cattle ranches. The temperate
climate of the United States is ideal for
farming, as are the rich soils of both
countries’ midsections. Major rivers and
the Great Lakes provide transportation
for farm products.
(pages 157–159)
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Manufacturing and Service
Industries
About 20 percent of Americans and
Canadians work in manufacturing
industries, which have been transformed
by advanced technologies such as robotics
and computerized automation.
(pages 159–161)
Manufacturing and Service
Industries (cont.)
(pages 159–161)
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to listen to the audio again.
Manufacturing and Service
Industries (cont.)
• Post-Industrial Economies About
75 percent of Americans and Canadians
work in service industries such as
government, health care, and
education. 
• High-tech and biotechnology industries
also employ many people in both
countries.
(pages 159–161)
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Manufacturing and Service
Industries (cont.)
• Retooling the Rust Belt As the U.S.
economy shifted from manufacturing to
services, older industrial areas in the
Great Lakes and Northeast were left with
abandoned factories and steel mills. 
• The rusting plants and parts gave these
areas the derogatory nickname “the
Rust Belt.” 
• Today communities are converting old
factories to new uses.
(pages 159–161)
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Manufacturing and Service
Industries (cont.)
What are some possible uses for an old factory?
Possible answers: An old factory might be
converted into offices or apartments. It might be
made into a shopping mall, or it might be
converted into a new kind of factory that produces
something different, such as computers. It might
become a retail store or the headquarters of a
catalogue or online company that ships all its
goods.
(pages 159–161)
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Transportation and
Communications
• The Automobile Extensive automobile
use in Canada and the United States has
required investment in the building and
maintenance of millions of miles of
highways, roads, and bridges.
(pages 161–163)
Transportation and
Communications (cont.)
• Other Means of Transportation Most
Americans and Canadians travel long
distances by airplane. 
• Railroads carry relatively few passengers
but carry about 35 percent of the region’s
freight. 
• Another 35 percent is carried by
waterways and on large trucks. 
• Pipelines carry the region’s gas and oil.
(pages 161–163)
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Transportation and
Communications (cont.)
(pages 161–163)
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to listen to the audio again.
Transportation and
Communications (cont.)
• Communications Canada’s
broadcasting and telephone systems
are operated by the government. 
• Those in the United States are privately
owned and operated. 
• Cellular telephones, faxes, and
electronic communications are
becoming increasingly common.
(pages 161–163)
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Transportation and
Communications (cont.)
Why do you think so many Americans and
Canadians travel by airplane instead of by train
or bus?
Possible answers: Airplanes cover great
distances in a very short amount of time. A trip
from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast of
the United States or Canada takes a few hours
by airplane but a few days by train or bus.
(pages 161–163)
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Trade and Interdependence
• The United States provides more than 10
percent of all world exports, but its huge
purchases of energy, as well as the
negative effects of foreign tariffs
on U.S. exports, have created an
enormous trade deficit. 
• Canada exports and imports less than
the United States and enjoys a trade
surplus.
(pages 163–164)
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Trade and Interdependence (cont.)
• NAFTA The North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) removed trade
restrictions among the United States,
Canada, and Mexico.
(pages 163–164)
Trade and Interdependence (cont.)
How do you think the United States might
reduce its trade deficit?
Possible answers: The United States
may explore alternatives to imported
fuel or develop more existing sources.
(pages 163–164)
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United Against Terrorism
• The United States and other nations
carried out a war on terrorism following
terrorist attacks in the United States on
September 11, 2001. 
• The first military operation took place in
Afghanistan against Osama Bin Laden’s
terrorist network.
(pages 163–164)
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United Against Terrorism (cont.)
(pages 163–164)
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to listen to the audio again.
United Against Terrorism (cont.)
What do you think is the best way for the
United States to protect its citizens from
terrorist attacks at home and abroad?
Possible answers: Increased security
at public places, improved intelligence
gathering, and military action to uproot
terrorist networks could protect U.S.
citizens from terrorist attacks.
(pages 163–164)
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
__
A 1. an economic system based on
free enterprise, in which
businesses are privately owned,
and production and prices are
determined by supply and
demand
A. market
economy
__
F 2. total control of a type of industry
by one person or one company
E. pipeline
__
B 3. an economy with less emphasis
on heavy industry and
manufacturing and more
emphasis on services and
technology
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B. post-industrial
C. commodity
D. retooling
F.
monopoly
G. trade deficit
H. tariff
I.
trade surplus
Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
__
E 4. long network of underground or
aboveground pipes
A. market
economy
__
I 5. earning more money from
export sales than spending for
imports
B. post-industrial
__
C 6. goods produced for sale
__
H 7. a tax on imports or exports
__
D 8. converting old factories to new
uses
G 9. loss of income through trade
__
C. commodity
D. retooling
E. pipeline
F.
G. trade deficit
H. tariff
I.
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monopoly
trade surplus
Critical Thinking
Analyzing Information Describe how
recent technological changes have affected
the location and pattern of economic
activities in the United States and Canada.
The switch from heavy industry to high tech
and service industries and the relocation of
businesses to the Sunbelt have impacted
economic activities.
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Critical Thinking
Identifying Cause and Effect What factors
caused technological growth in the region?
How did technology affect agriculture?
A skilled workforce, an innovative culture,
and a prosperous market economy caused
technological growth in the region. Machines
applied to agriculture raised production and
lessened need for workers.
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Critical Thinking
Drawing Conclusions Why do the United
States and Canada have strong economies?
The United States and Canada have strong
economies because of their rich natural
resources and technological advances.
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Analyzing Maps
Region Study
the economic
activity map on
the right. How
are the locations
of manufacturing
centers related
to the region’s
lakes and rivers?
Many of the
manufacturing
centers are
located on or
near waterways.
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Applying Geography
Public Policies Research an issue related
to global trade and the United States and
Canada. Identify different points of view in
each country that affect public policy and
decision making on the issue.
Close
Pair up with a classmate and compose
sentences that explain the significance of
the “Places to Locate" words in terms of the
economic activities that take place there.
Someone choose a word and ask for
volunteers to read the sentences they wrote.
People and Their Environment
Objectives
• Explain how the United States and Canada
are learning to manage their natural
resources responsibly. 
• Identify causes and effects of pollution in the
region, and discuss how it can be
prevented. 
• Discuss the environmental challenges faced
by the United States and Canada in the 2000s,
both as individual countries and as a region.
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People and Their Environment
Terms to Know
• clear-cutting 
• acid rain 
• smog 
• groundwater 
• eutrophication
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People and Their Environment
Places to Locate
• Sudbury 
• Banks Island
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Click the Speaker button
to listen to the audio again.
In 1995 Americans generated more than
208 million tons of garbage. Only 27
percent of the total was recycled or
composted. Over 32 million tons of paper
and paperboard were recycled that year.
Other recycled waste included metals,
grass clippings and Christmas trees,
plastics, and glass. The Environmental
Protection Agency hopes to raise the
percentage of recycled garbage to 35
percent by 2005.
Human Impact
• Canada and the United States are rich
in natural resources, but the growth of
industry has seriously damaged
portions of the environment. 
• Efforts are being made throughout the
region to repair the damage, but much
work needs to be done.
(pages 165–166)
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Human Impact (cont.)
What can ordinary people do to help
the environment?
Possible answers: People can recycle
bottles and cans, and reuse plastic
containers and shopping bags to save
the environment. Also, people can
never litter, and purchase recycled
products. People can also organize
cleanup efforts in their community, and
plant trees.
(pages 165–166)
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Pollution
• Acid Rain Chemical emissions from
automobiles, power plants, and factories
react with water vapor to cause acid
rain. 
• Acid rain corrodes buildings, damages
crops, pollutes soil, and poisons fish. 
• Winds blow acid rain from one region into
another. 
• The Great Lakes area is the most seriously
affected by acid rain. 
• The United States and Canada are
working together to improve air quality
and prevent acid rain.
(pages 166–169)
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Pollution (cont.)
• Smog Smog is a combination of smoke
and fog that creates a haze in the air. 
• Areas throughout the United States
measure air quality and issue warnings
to citizens when smog levels are high. 
• Some U.S. states require emissions
testing for automobiles. 
• Engineers are researching alternatives
to fossil fuels. People can help by riding
bikes, walking, or taking public transit
instead of driving.
(pages 166–169)
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Pollution (cont.)
(pages 166–169)
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to listen to the audio again.
Pollution (cont.)
• Water Pollution Industrial waste
combines with acid rain to pollute water,
killing fish and birds and making people
sick. 
• Runoff from fertilizers and pesticides
used on farms also pollutes water
resources.
(pages 166–169)
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Pollution (cont.)
• Back From the Brink Water in the
Great Lakes region became so polluted
that the Cuyahoga River in Ohio actually
caught fire several times in the 1970s. 
• Cleanup efforts are returning the lakes
and rivers to their natural state.
(pages 166–169)
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Pollution (cont.)
Automobiles are a major source of pollution, yet most
people in this region continue to prefer automobile
transportation over mass transit. Why might they do so,
and how would you meet this challenge?
Possible answers: Many people like the convenience of
being able to get from place to place quickly and
whenever they want. Some people need their cars to
get to work. Bicycles are not practical for people who
have to take their children somewhere. Not everyone
lives in an area served by public transit. People in the
United States often do not live near the places they
need to go, so they have to drive. Both countries are
large, and in sparsely populated regions, mass transit
may be impractical or uneconomical.
(pages 166–169)
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Challenge for the Future
• Global warming poses major challenges
to North America and the rest of the
planet. 
• The United States and Canada will have
to monitor and respond appropriately to
changes in temperature and other
effects of global warming. 
• The melting of polar ice is accelerating.
(page 169)
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Challenge for the Future (cont.)
• Areas of the permafrost in the tundra
are thawing. 
• Flooding of rivers and rising oceans
threaten coastal areas. 
• Warmer, higher seas alter climate
patterns, causing weather events
such as El Niño.
(page 169)
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Challenge for the Future (cont.)
How does global warming affect the area
where you live?
Possible answers: Increased flooding
causes people to lose their homes.
Warmer temperatures affect the wildlife
in the area. Rising water levels damage
parts of cities, change weather patterns,
and damage crops.
(page 169)
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
__
C 1. haze caused by the interaction
of ultraviolet solar radiation with
chemical fumes from automobile
exhausts and other pollution
sources
A. clear-cutting
__
D 2. water within the earth that
supplies wells and springs
E. eutrophication
B. acid rain
C. smog
D. groundwater
__
A 3. cutting down whole forests when removing timber
__
E 4. process by which a body of water becomes too rich
in dissolved nutrients, leading to plant growth that
depletes oxygen
__
B 5. precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved
acids which damages buildings, forests, and crops,
and kills wildlife
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Critical Thinking
Analyzing Information Why is it important
for Canada and the United States to work
together to reduce pollution?
It is important for Canada and the United
States to work together to reduce pollution
because wind and water carry pollution
across borders.
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Critical Thinking
Drawing Conclusions Why are more
metropolitan areas of the United States
and Canada beginning to experience
smog?
Metropolitan areas are beginning to
experience smog because automobile
exhaust gases and industrial emissions
are increasing.
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Critical Thinking
Identifying Cause and Effect What are
the short-term and long-term effects of
water pollution on people and the
environment?
Short-term effects include poisoning the
food chain from the smallest animals on
up, including endangering the health of
humans. Long-term effects include
eutrophication, which eventually can turn
lakes into swamps and then into dry land.
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Analyzing Maps
Place Study this map
of acid rain. Which parts
of the region have the
greatest concentration
of acid rain? Why?
Eastward winds carry
the rain from the
Midwest’s coal-burning
plants to the area around
Lake Erie and to eastern
Ohio and western
Pennsylvania.
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Applying Geography
Regional Cooperation Think about the
cooperation among the United States,
Canada, and Mexico in NAFTA to promote
free trade. Identify the human factors
involved in the trade network created by
this agreement.
Possible answers: The human factors
involved in this trade network include
governments, businesses, workers, and
consumers in all three countries.
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Close
Read the quotation from “A Geographic
View” on page 165 of your textbook. Do
you feel this optimism is unfounded or not,
based on human problem-solving ability?
Section 1: Living in the United
States and Canada (pages 157–164)
Key Points
• The region’s economy has shifted from
reliance on agriculture and traditional
manufacturing to emphasis on service and
high-tech industries. 
• Agriculture is a key economic activity of the
region, although it employs only a small
percentage of the workforce. 
• Technology and improved agricultural
methods have helped farmers overcome the
limitations of physical geography and climate.
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Section 1: Living in the United
States and Canada (pages 157–164)
Key Points
• Dependable transportation and advanced
communications systems help make the
region an economic leader. 
• The United States and Canada are among
the world’s leading exporters. 
• The region’s two countries are each other’s
largest trade partners. The region also trades
with countries and trade blocs around the
world.
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Section 2: People and Their
Environment (pages 165–169)
Key Points
• The United States and Canada are working
to manage their rich natural resources
responsibly. 
• Acid rain, smog, and water pollution cause
damage to the region’s environment and affect
human health. 
• Cooperative efforts to address environmental
concerns are making a difference in the region.
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Reviewing Key Terms
Insert the key term that matches the definition below.
acid rain
tariff
market economy
clear-cutting
trade deficit
post-industrial
retooling
trade surplus
1. ___________________
an economic system in
market economy
which people can own
and profit from their own
businesses
2. ___________________
reduced emphasis on
post-industrial
heavy industry
3. ___________________
converting old factories to
retooling
new uses
4. ___________________
loss of income through
trade deficit
trade
Click the mouse button or press the
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Reviewing Key Terms
Insert the key term that matches the definition below.
acid rain
tariff
market economy
clear-cutting
trade deficit
post-industrial
retooling
trade surplus
5. ___________________
a tax on imported trade
tariff
goods
6. ___________________
taking out whole forests
clear-cutting
when harvesting timber
7. ___________________
precipitation that carries
acid rain
high amounts of acids
8. ___________________
earning money through
trade surplus
export sales
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Reviewing Facts
Section 1: Living in the United States and Canada
What type of economic system do the
United States and Canada have?
The United States and Canada both have
a market economy.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 1: Living in the United States and Canada
What economic activity employs the
most people in both the United States
and Canada?
The service industry employs the most
people in both the United States and
Canada.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 2: People and Their Environment
What solutions have the United States
and Canada implemented to deal with
air pollution?
The United States and Canada have
implemented emissions laws, production
of cleaner automobiles, and encouraging
alternatives to automobile transportation
to deal with air pollution.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 2: People and Their Environment
What factors contribute to water pollution
in the region?
Acid rain, auto and factory emissions,
sewage, and industrial and agricultural
wastes contribute to water pollution in the
region.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 2: People and Their Environment
What part of the region is experiencing
increased environmental problems as a
result of NAFTA?
The area along the Rio Grande River is
experiencing increased environmental
problems as a result of NAFTA.
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Critical Thinking
Making Generalizations What challenges
will industrial cities face as the economy
becomes more dependent on hightechnology industries?
Some of the challenges industrial cities face
include finding new job opportunities for
those people who may not have a post-high
school education, finding ways to renovate
and reuse industrial property, and filling
high-tech positions.
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Critical Thinking
Analyzing Information Explain the
connection between transportation
patterns and air pollution.
Increased transportation brings more
pollution to an area because of emissions.
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Locating Places
Match the letters on the map with the physical features
of the United States and Canada.
__1.
Midwest
J
__2.
Prairie Provinces
C
__3.
California
B
__4.
New York
G
__5.
Toronto
D
__6.
St. Lawrence River
A
__7.
Ohio River
I
__8.
Alaska
F
__9.
Texas
E
__10.
Pacific Northwest
H
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Compare the economies of Canada and the
United States.
Both countries have highly developed market
economies. In Canada, the government owns
and administers broadcasting and health care
services, whereas in the United States, private
companies handle these services. Both countries
are moving toward developing post-industrial
economies with more emphasis on service and
high-tech businesses. Agriculture and
manufacturing also play important roles in the
economies of both countries. Both countries
export many of the same goods, and both are
major importing countries.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Explore online information about the topics
introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the
Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find
interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites
correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you
finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this
presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web
site, manually launch your Web browser and go to
http://geography.glencoe.com
Study the bar graph below. Then choose the best
answer for the following multiple-choice question. If
you have trouble answering the question, use the
process of elimination to narrow your choices.
1. As a regional geographer for an oil company, you need to determine
the best time for a survey team to work near Barrow, Alaska. Given the
information on the bar graph, during which three-month period should
the survey take place?
A
January, February, March
B
September, October, November
C
March, April, May
D
June, July, August
Test-Taking Tip Study the information shown on the bar graph for
average monthly temperature. Look for three consecutive months in
which temperatures would be the most favorable for people and
equipment to function outside.
Click the mouse button or press the
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Route 66, the celebrated road from Chicago to
southern California, lost much of its traffic and its
allure after a number of more modern highways
were built in the 1970s. The 2,448-mile (3,940-km)
route is making a comeback, however. The U.S.
Department of the Interior will spend $10 million
by 2010 to preserve Route 66.
The Wildfires of 2000 scorched more than 6 million
acres of land in the western United States, much of
it in Montana and Idaho. Rehabilitating the burned
land involves using bales of hay and coconut fiber
mats to prevent soil erosion and reseeding with
native prairie grasses to replace the nonnative
cheatgrass, which dries out quickly and provides
ample fuel for wildfires.
Agronomy
Climatology
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
Agronomy is the branch of agricultural science that
deals with the study of crops and soils. Agronomists
research methods of crop rotation, irrigation, plant
breeding, and weed control. They work to improve
soil and increase crop production.
Climatology A computer model called the Integrated
Biosphere Simulator analyzes interactions among
humans, the earth’s atmosphere, and the global
ecosystem. Climatologists study land use to see how
commercial agricultural practices, for example, can
alter ecosystems, which in turn can alter the
atmosphere. Replacing forests with pasture results in
a drier climate because a pasture does not return as
much water to the atmosphere as does a forest.
High-Tech Industry
Highway System
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High-Tech Industry The strong U.S. economy of
the 1990s made central Texas a leader in the hightech industry. One of the world’s largest direct-sale
computer producers is headquartered in Austin,
Texas, as are several computer chip manufacturing
firms. Together, these companies employ tens of
thousands of people. Their presence, in turn, has
an impact on the state’s shipping industry.
Hundreds of trucks are dispatched daily with the
finished products.
Highway System The Federal Interstate Highway
System was started in the 1950s during the
Eisenhower administration. Under this system,
even numbered highways run east and west; oddnumbered highways run north and south.
Yew Trees This valuable tree, which grows in the
Pacific Northwest, was viewed as a trash tree until
a cancer-battling chemical called taxol was
discovered in the bark of the tree. Taxol may cause
remission in some patients.
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Interpreting a Climate Map
Climate helps determine
how people live, work,
dress, and play in a
particular region. People
on different continents
may share similar climates.
By reading a climate map,
you can discover these
similarities and differences
among regions.
Interpreting a Climate Map
Learning the Skill
A climate map shows the climate zones of a region. Latitude,
temperature, precipitation, altitude, wind patterns, and
nearness to oceans help determine the climate of a region.
Variation in precipitation also creates different types of
climates, such as rain forest (very wet), desert (very dry), and
savanna (wet and dry seasons).
Interpreting a Climate Map
Learning the Skill
On a climate map, colors represent different climate regions.
The map key explains the color code. To interpret a climate
map: 
• Identify the area covered by the map. 
• Study the key to identify the climate regions on
the map. 
• Locate the regions in each climate zone. 
• Draw conclusions about the climate similarities
and differences among regions.
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Space Bar to display the information.
Interpreting a Climate Map
Practicing the Skill
Study the climate map of eastern Canada on page 172 of your
textbook. Use the information to answer the following
questions.
1. What climate dominates the far northeast part of Canada?
The tundra climate dominates the far northeast part
of Canada.
2. Which area shown has a humid continental climate?
The area closest to the United States border has a
humid continental climate.
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Space Bar to display possible answers.
Interpreting a Climate Map
Practicing the Skill
Study the climate map of eastern Canada on page 172 of your
textbook. Use the information to answer the following
questions.
3. What climate does the coast of Newfoundland and
Labrador have?
The coast of Newfoundland and Labrador has a tundra
climate.
4. Why are so few major cities located in Nunavut and
northern Quebec?
The tundra climate limits economic activities,
discouraging the growth of large cities.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display possible answers.
Interpreting a Climate Map
Practicing the Skill
Study the climate map of eastern Canada on page 172 of your
textbook. Use the information to answer the following
questions.
5. Why are there only three climate regions represented in
eastern Canada? What factors of physical geography
may account for this?
There are only three climate regions represented in
eastern Canada mainly because of its location in the
high latitudes. Because of its physical geography, the
region does not receive warming westerly winds.
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Space Bar to display possible answer.
Interpreting a Climate Map
Practicing the Skill
Study the climate map of eastern Canada on page 172 of your
textbook. Use the information to answer the following
questions.
6. Compare the climate map on page 172 of your textbook to
the natural vegetation map on page 123 of your textbook.
What is the relationship between climate patterns and
vegetation patterns in eastern Canada?
The relationship is that tundra has little vegetation,
subarctic climates have coniferous forests, and humid
continental climates have mixed vegetation.
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Space Bar to display possible answer.
Map
Acid Rain
Chart
The Changing U.S. Workplace, 1900 to Present
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Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Sulfur dioxide gas and water vapor
mix together to produce acid rain.
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Space Bar to display the answer.
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